Morpho-anatomical Evaluation of Stem Wood and Bark Fibers of Solanum dulcamara and Genista tinctoria for Paper Applications

Abstract

As paper remains an essential material in communication, packaging, and various industrial applications, rising demand and the depletion of wood-based raw materials have prompted growing interest in renewable non-wood fiber sources. Alternative fiber sources for paper production have emerged as important non-traditional supply sources due to rising demand for fiber raw materials, a global tree crisis, and growing awareness of sustainability. This study evaluates the morpho-anatomical properties of fibers obtained from the stem wood and stem bark of Solanum dulcamara and Genista tinctoria in order to investigate environmentally sustainable and renewable non-wood fiber sources. The lengths, widths, lumen widths and wall thicknesses of the fibers, as well as slenderness ratio (related to paper mechanical properties), flexibility ratio (related to fiber bonding potential) and Runkel ratio (associated with pulp quality) were determined. It was determined that the bark samples of both species had longer, thicker-walled and narrower lumen fibers than the wood samples. Overall, the morphological properties of G. tinctoria fibers make them suitable for packaging papers that require moderate strength and flexibility. In contrast, the wood fibers of S. dulcamara appear suitable for low-strength paper applications due to their short and narrow structure, while its bark fibers show potential for high-strength paper applications, provided that fiber clustering is managed—highlighting both species as promising non-wood fiber sources for diverse paper products.

Keywords

• Solanum dulcamara
• Genista tinctoria
• non-wood
• paper production
• fiber

Solanum dulcamara ve Genista tinctoria Gövde Odunu ile Kabuk Liflerinin Kâğıt Üretimi Açısından Morfo-anatomik İncelemesi

Öz

Kâğıt; iletişim, ambalaj ve çeşitli endüstriyel alanlarda hâlâ temel bir malzeme olma özelliğini koruduğundan, artan talep ve odun bazlı hammadde kaynaklarının azalması, yenilenebilir odun dışı lif kaynaklarına yönelik ilgiyi giderek artırmıştır. Kağıt üretimi için alternatif lif kaynakları, lif hammaddelerine olan talebin artması, küresel ağaç krizi ve sürdürülebilirlik konusunda artan farkındalık nedeniyle geleneksel olmayan önemli tedarik kaynakları olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, çevresel olarak sürdürülebilir ve yenilenebilir odun dışı lif kaynaklarını araştırmak amacıyla Solanum dulcamara ve Genista tinctoria'nın gövde odunu ve gövde kabuğundan elde edilen liflerin morfo-anatomik özelliklerini değerlendirmektedir. Liflerin uzunlukları, genişlikleri, lümen genişlikleri ve duvar kalınlıkları ile keçeleşme oranı (kağıdın mekanik özellikleriyle ilgili), esneklik katsayısı (lif bağ yapma potansiyeliyle ilgili) ve Runkel oranı (hamur kalitesiyle ilgili) belirlenmiştir. Her iki türün kabuk örneklerinin odun örneklerine kıyasla daha uzun, daha kalın duvarlı ve daha dar lümenli liflere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, G. tinctoria liflerinin morfolojik özellikleri, orta derecede mukavemet ve esneklik gerektiren ambalaj kâğıtları için uygun olduklarını göstermektedir. Buna karşın, S. dulcamara’nın odun lifleri, kısa ve ince yapıları nedeniyle düşük mukavemetli kâğıt uygulamalarına daha uygundur; kabuk lifleri ise lif kümelenmesi kontrol altına alınabildiği takdirde yüksek mukavemetli kâğıt üretiminde potansiyel sunmaktadır—bu durum her iki türü, çeşitli kâğıt ürünlerinde kullanılabilecek umut vadeden odun dışı lif kaynakları olarak ön plana çıkarmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Solanum dulcamara
• Genista tinctoria
• odun-dışı
• kağıt üretimi
• lif

Kaynakça

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