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Farklı Arazi Kullanımlarının Toprakların Bazı Özellikleri ve Azot Mineralizasyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi (Rize, Kalkandere Örneği)

Yıl 2019, , 899 - 910, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.584921

Öz

Bu çalışmada arazi
kullanım farklılığının toprakların bazı özellikleri ile azot
mineralizasyonu üzerindeki etkilerinin
belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında Rize, Kalkandere’de orman,
çay, fındık ve kivi alanlarının her birinden 5 farklı noktada örnekleme
yapılmıştır. Her örnekleme alanından birer toprak çukuru açılarak 0-15 cm ve
15-30 cm derinlik kademelerinden 40’ar adet bozulmuş ve bozulmamış toprak
örneği alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinde tekstür, toprak reaksiyonu (pH), organik
karbon, toplam azot, karbon/azot oranı, elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), kireç
(CaCO3), hacim ağırlığı ve azot mineralizasyonu gibi özellikler
belirlenmiştir. Arazi kullanım durumuna göre toprak özelliklerindeki farklılığı
belirlemek için nanparametrik Kruskal Wallis testi uygulanmıştır. Arazi
kullanım durumuna ilişkin ikili karşılaştırmalarda ise Dunn’s Bonferroni test
uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre 0-15 cm derinlik kademesinde kil, pH,
organik karbon, elektriksel iletkenlik, hacim ağırlığı, T0NO3,
T0NH4+NO3, T63NH4 ve T63NH4+NO3
gibi toprak özellikleri anlamlı şekilde farklılık gösterirken, 15-30 cm
derinlik kademesinde bu özellikler kum, kil, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, hacim
ağırlığı, T63NH4 ve T63NH4+NO3
şeklinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmaya göre doğal orman alanları topraklarının
diğer arazi kullanım durumu topraklarına göre anlamlı bir şekilde daha az kil
(p=0,008), EC (p=0,003), hacim ağırlığı (p=0,003), T0NO3
(p=0,006) ve T0NH4+NO3 (p=0,005); daha fazla
kum (p=0,006) ve T63NH4+NO3 (p=0,007) içerdiği
belirlenmiştir.



Kaynakça

  • Agnese, C., Bagarello, V., Baiamonte, G., Iovino, M. (2011). Comparing Physical Quality of Forest and Pasture Soils in a Sicilian Watershed. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75(5), 1958-1970.
  • MGM (2014). Rize İli Meteoroloji İstasyonu Verileri, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Assefa, D., Rewald, B., Sanden, H., Rosinger, C., Abiyu, A., Yitaferu, B., Godbold, D. L. (2017). Deforestation and land use strongly effect soil organic carbon and nitrogen stock in Northwest Ethiopia – Catena, 153, 89-99.
  • Bahrami, A., Emadodin, I., Atashi, M. R., Bork, H. R. (2010). Land-use change and soil degradation: A case study, North of Iran. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1, 600-605.
  • Bardak, F. (2016). Farklı Arazi Kullanımının Mikrobiyal Solunum Üzerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Yayımlanmamış). AÇÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Artvin, 56 s.
  • Berendse, F. (1990). Organic matter accumulation and nitrogen mineralization during secondary succession in heathland ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 78, 413-427.
  • Blake, G. R., Hartge, K. (1986). Bulk Density. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1—Physical and Mineralogical Methods: 363-375.
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465.
  • Brady, N. C., Weil, R. R. (2017). The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 1104 s.
  • Bremner, J., Keeney D. R. (1965). Steam distillation methods for determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Analytica Chimica Acta, 32, 485-495.
  • Chakravarty, S., Ghosh, S., Suresh, C., Dey, A., Shukla, G. (2011). Deforestation: Causes, Effects and Control Strategies. In: Global Perspectives on Sustainable Forest Management. Ed. Okia D. C. A., pp. 3-21.
  • Chen, Q. B., Wang, K. Q., Li, Y. M., Wang, J. Y., Wang, P. L., Da, Q. (2003). Effect of different vegetation types on soil amelioration in dry-hot valley of Jinshajiang River Basin. J. Soil Water Conserv., 17, 67–70.
  • Choromanska, U., De Luca, T. H. (2002). Microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in forest mineral soils following heating: Evaluationof post-fire effects. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 263-271.
  • Dang, M. V. (2002). Effects of tea cultivation on soil quality in the northern mountainous zone, Vietnam, Doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, 175 s.
  • Dunn, O. J. (1964). Multiple comparisons using rank sums. Technometrics, 6, 241-252.
  • Elser, J. J., Bracken, M. E. S., Cleland, E. E., Gruner, D. S., Harpole, W. S., Hildebrand, H., Ngai, J. T., Seabloom, E. W., Shurin, J. B., Smith, J. E. (2007). Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosys tems, Ecol. Lett. 10(12), 1135–1142.
  • Erol, A., Hızal, A. (2006). Gümüşhane İli Köse Deresi Yağış Havzasında Hidro-Fiziksel Toprak Özelliklerinin, Toprak Oluşumunda Etkili Faktörlere Bağlı Olarak Değişimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 74-89.
  • Gelaw, A. M., Singh, B. R., Lal, R. (2014). Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a semi-arid watershed in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 188, 256–263.
  • Germer, S., Neill, C., Krusche, A. V., Elsenbeer, H. (2010). Influence of land-use change on near-surface hydrological processes: undisturbed forest to pasture. Journal of Hydrology, 380, 473–480.
  • Giardina, P. C., Ryan, M. G., Hubbard, R. M., Binkley, D. (2001). Tree species and soil textural controls on carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 1272-1279. Göl, C. (2017). Effects of aspect and changes in land use on organic carbon and soil properties in Uludere catchment, semi-arid region: Turkey. Rend Lincei-Sci Fis Nat, 28, 463-469.
  • Gülçur, F. (1974). Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Yöntemleri. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, O.F Yayın No, 201, Kurtuluş Matbaası, İstanbul, 225 s.
  • Hall, J. S., Harris, D. J., Medjibe, V., Mark, P., Ashton, S. (2003). The effects of selective logging on forest structure and tree species composition in a Central African forest: implications for management of conservation areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 183, 249–264.
  • Hartemink, A. E., Veldkamp, T., Bai, Z. (2008). Land cover change and soil fertility decline in tropical regions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32, 195-213.
  • IBM Corp (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. IBM Corp, Armonk, NY.
  • Islam, K. R., Weil, R. R. (2000). Land use effects on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 79, 9-16.
  • Jackson, R. B., Schenk, H. J., Jobbagy, E. G., Canadell, J., Colello, G. D., Dickinson, R. E., Field, C. B., Friedlingstein, P., Heimann, M., Hibbard, K., Kicklighter, D. W., Kleidon, A., Neilson, R. P., Parton, W. J., Sala, O. E., Sykes, M. T. (2000). Belowground consequences of vegetation change and their treatment in models. Ecol. Appl., 10, 470–483.
  • Kara, Ö., Bolat, İ. (2008). Soil microbial biomass C and N changes in relation to forest conversion in the northwestern Turkey. Land Degradation and Development, 19(4), 421-428.
  • Karagül, R. (1999). Trabzon-Söğütlüdere Havzasında Farklı Arazi Kullanım Şekilleri Altındaki Toprakların Bazı Özellikleri ve Erozyon Eğilimlerinin Araştırılması. Türkiye Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 23, 53–68.
  • Korkanç, S. Y., Özyuvaci, N., Hızal, A. (2008). Impacts of land use conversion on soil properties and soil erodibility. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29, 363–370.
  • Kramer, S., Green, D. M. (2000). Acid and alkaline phosphatase dynamics and their relationship to soil microclimate in a semiarid woodland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32, 179–188.
  • Küçük, M. (2013). Farklı Eğim Ve Bakı Gruplarında Bulunan Meşe Meşcerelerinde Ve Mera Alanlarında Azot Mineralizasyonu Ve Toprak Solunumunun Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi (yayımlanmamış). KTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.193 s.
  • Küçük, M., Yener, İ., Duman, A. (2019). Effects of vegetatıon cover/land use and slope aspect on surface soıl propertıes near the copper smelter factory ın Murgul, Turkey. Applıed Ecology And Envıronmental Research, 17(5), 12305-12321.
  • Lemeneh, M. (2004). Effects of Land Use Changes on Soil Quality and Native Flora Degradation and Restoration in the Highlands of Ethiopia. (Doctoral Thesis). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Li, M., Zhu, L. C., Zhang, Q. F., Cheng, X. L (2012). Impacts of different land use types on soil ni trogen mineralization in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area, China, Chin. J. Plant Ecol., 36(6), 530–538.
  • Merilä, P., Strommer, R., Fritze, H. (2002). Soil microbial activity and community structure along a primary succession transect on the land-uplift coast in western Finland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 1647–1654.
  • Nelson, R. E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. In Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2, 2nd ed. Ed. A.L. pp. 181-197.
  • Oğuz İ., Acar, M. (2011). Tokat Kazova Koşullarında Farklı Arazi Kullanım Türlerinin Bazı Toprak Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması. GOÜ, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 171-178.
  • Özalp, M., Yüksel, E. E., Yüksek, T. (2016). Soil Property Changes After Conversion from Forest to Pasture in Mount Sacinka, Artvin, Turkey. Land Degrad. Develop., 27, 1007–1017.
  • Özçağlar, A., Özgür, E. M., Akpınar, N., Somuncu, M., Karadeniz, N., Çabuk, N., Kendir, H., Bayar, R., Yılmaz, M., Yüceşahin, M. M., Yavuz, N. (2006). Rize İli Çamlıhemşin İlçesinde Doğal ve Beşeri Kaynakların Belirlenmesi ve Arazi Kullanım Kararlarının Geliştirilmesi, TÜBİTAK Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Grubu, Proje No: 102K025, Ankara.
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Effect of Different Land Uses on Some Properties and N-Mineralization of The Soils (A case study from Rize, Kalkandere)

Yıl 2019, , 899 - 910, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.584921

Öz

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of of land
use change on some properties and N-mineralization of the soils. For this
purpose, 5-different point was sampled in each land use including natural
forest, tea plantation, hazelnut and kiwi fields. Total 40 disturbed and
undisturbed soil samples were taken from 0-15 cm and 15-30 soil depth in each
sample plot. The texture, pH, electrical conductivity, CaCO3 content,
bulk density, total nitrogen, C/N ratio and N-mineralization were determined on
each soil sample. Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was carried out to
determine differences in given soil properties according to land uses. Then
Dunn’s Bonferroni test was carried out for pairwise comparisons of the
land-cover groups. As a result, while the clay content, pH, organic carbon, EC,
bulk density, T0NO3, T0NH4+NO3,
T63NH4 and T63NH4+NO3 in
0-15 cm soil depth were significantly (p<0,05) affected by land use change;
in 15-30 soil depth, sand and clay content, pH, EC, bulk density, T63NH4
and T63NH4+NO3 were affected. It was concluded
that natural forests’ soils have had significantly less clay content (p=0,008),
EC (p=0,003), bulk density (p=0,003), T0NO3 (p=0,006) and
T0NH4+NO3 (p=0,005); more sand content (p=0,006)
and T63NH4+NO3 (p=0,007) compared to the other
land uses.

Kaynakça

  • Agnese, C., Bagarello, V., Baiamonte, G., Iovino, M. (2011). Comparing Physical Quality of Forest and Pasture Soils in a Sicilian Watershed. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75(5), 1958-1970.
  • MGM (2014). Rize İli Meteoroloji İstasyonu Verileri, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Assefa, D., Rewald, B., Sanden, H., Rosinger, C., Abiyu, A., Yitaferu, B., Godbold, D. L. (2017). Deforestation and land use strongly effect soil organic carbon and nitrogen stock in Northwest Ethiopia – Catena, 153, 89-99.
  • Bahrami, A., Emadodin, I., Atashi, M. R., Bork, H. R. (2010). Land-use change and soil degradation: A case study, North of Iran. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 1, 600-605.
  • Bardak, F. (2016). Farklı Arazi Kullanımının Mikrobiyal Solunum Üzerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Yayımlanmamış). AÇÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Artvin, 56 s.
  • Berendse, F. (1990). Organic matter accumulation and nitrogen mineralization during secondary succession in heathland ecosystems. Journal of Ecology, 78, 413-427.
  • Blake, G. R., Hartge, K. (1986). Bulk Density. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1—Physical and Mineralogical Methods: 363-375.
  • Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54, 464-465.
  • Brady, N. C., Weil, R. R. (2017). The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 1104 s.
  • Bremner, J., Keeney D. R. (1965). Steam distillation methods for determination of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite. Analytica Chimica Acta, 32, 485-495.
  • Chakravarty, S., Ghosh, S., Suresh, C., Dey, A., Shukla, G. (2011). Deforestation: Causes, Effects and Control Strategies. In: Global Perspectives on Sustainable Forest Management. Ed. Okia D. C. A., pp. 3-21.
  • Chen, Q. B., Wang, K. Q., Li, Y. M., Wang, J. Y., Wang, P. L., Da, Q. (2003). Effect of different vegetation types on soil amelioration in dry-hot valley of Jinshajiang River Basin. J. Soil Water Conserv., 17, 67–70.
  • Choromanska, U., De Luca, T. H. (2002). Microbial activity and nitrogen mineralization in forest mineral soils following heating: Evaluationof post-fire effects. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 263-271.
  • Dang, M. V. (2002). Effects of tea cultivation on soil quality in the northern mountainous zone, Vietnam, Doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, 175 s.
  • Dunn, O. J. (1964). Multiple comparisons using rank sums. Technometrics, 6, 241-252.
  • Elser, J. J., Bracken, M. E. S., Cleland, E. E., Gruner, D. S., Harpole, W. S., Hildebrand, H., Ngai, J. T., Seabloom, E. W., Shurin, J. B., Smith, J. E. (2007). Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosys tems, Ecol. Lett. 10(12), 1135–1142.
  • Erol, A., Hızal, A. (2006). Gümüşhane İli Köse Deresi Yağış Havzasında Hidro-Fiziksel Toprak Özelliklerinin, Toprak Oluşumunda Etkili Faktörlere Bağlı Olarak Değişimi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 74-89.
  • Gelaw, A. M., Singh, B. R., Lal, R. (2014). Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a semi-arid watershed in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 188, 256–263.
  • Germer, S., Neill, C., Krusche, A. V., Elsenbeer, H. (2010). Influence of land-use change on near-surface hydrological processes: undisturbed forest to pasture. Journal of Hydrology, 380, 473–480.
  • Giardina, P. C., Ryan, M. G., Hubbard, R. M., Binkley, D. (2001). Tree species and soil textural controls on carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 1272-1279. Göl, C. (2017). Effects of aspect and changes in land use on organic carbon and soil properties in Uludere catchment, semi-arid region: Turkey. Rend Lincei-Sci Fis Nat, 28, 463-469.
  • Gülçur, F. (1974). Toprağın Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Analiz Yöntemleri. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, O.F Yayın No, 201, Kurtuluş Matbaası, İstanbul, 225 s.
  • Hall, J. S., Harris, D. J., Medjibe, V., Mark, P., Ashton, S. (2003). The effects of selective logging on forest structure and tree species composition in a Central African forest: implications for management of conservation areas. Forest Ecology and Management, 183, 249–264.
  • Hartemink, A. E., Veldkamp, T., Bai, Z. (2008). Land cover change and soil fertility decline in tropical regions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32, 195-213.
  • IBM Corp (2011). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. IBM Corp, Armonk, NY.
  • Islam, K. R., Weil, R. R. (2000). Land use effects on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 79, 9-16.
  • Jackson, R. B., Schenk, H. J., Jobbagy, E. G., Canadell, J., Colello, G. D., Dickinson, R. E., Field, C. B., Friedlingstein, P., Heimann, M., Hibbard, K., Kicklighter, D. W., Kleidon, A., Neilson, R. P., Parton, W. J., Sala, O. E., Sykes, M. T. (2000). Belowground consequences of vegetation change and their treatment in models. Ecol. Appl., 10, 470–483.
  • Kara, Ö., Bolat, İ. (2008). Soil microbial biomass C and N changes in relation to forest conversion in the northwestern Turkey. Land Degradation and Development, 19(4), 421-428.
  • Karagül, R. (1999). Trabzon-Söğütlüdere Havzasında Farklı Arazi Kullanım Şekilleri Altındaki Toprakların Bazı Özellikleri ve Erozyon Eğilimlerinin Araştırılması. Türkiye Tarım ve Ormancılık Dergisi, 23, 53–68.
  • Korkanç, S. Y., Özyuvaci, N., Hızal, A. (2008). Impacts of land use conversion on soil properties and soil erodibility. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29, 363–370.
  • Kramer, S., Green, D. M. (2000). Acid and alkaline phosphatase dynamics and their relationship to soil microclimate in a semiarid woodland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 32, 179–188.
  • Küçük, M. (2013). Farklı Eğim Ve Bakı Gruplarında Bulunan Meşe Meşcerelerinde Ve Mera Alanlarında Azot Mineralizasyonu Ve Toprak Solunumunun Belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi (yayımlanmamış). KTÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.193 s.
  • Küçük, M., Yener, İ., Duman, A. (2019). Effects of vegetatıon cover/land use and slope aspect on surface soıl propertıes near the copper smelter factory ın Murgul, Turkey. Applıed Ecology And Envıronmental Research, 17(5), 12305-12321.
  • Lemeneh, M. (2004). Effects of Land Use Changes on Soil Quality and Native Flora Degradation and Restoration in the Highlands of Ethiopia. (Doctoral Thesis). Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Li, M., Zhu, L. C., Zhang, Q. F., Cheng, X. L (2012). Impacts of different land use types on soil ni trogen mineralization in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area, China, Chin. J. Plant Ecol., 36(6), 530–538.
  • Merilä, P., Strommer, R., Fritze, H. (2002). Soil microbial activity and community structure along a primary succession transect on the land-uplift coast in western Finland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 34, 1647–1654.
  • Nelson, R. E. (1982). Carbonate and gypsum. In Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2, 2nd ed. Ed. A.L. pp. 181-197.
  • Oğuz İ., Acar, M. (2011). Tokat Kazova Koşullarında Farklı Arazi Kullanım Türlerinin Bazı Toprak Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması. GOÜ, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 171-178.
  • Özalp, M., Yüksel, E. E., Yüksek, T. (2016). Soil Property Changes After Conversion from Forest to Pasture in Mount Sacinka, Artvin, Turkey. Land Degrad. Develop., 27, 1007–1017.
  • Özçağlar, A., Özgür, E. M., Akpınar, N., Somuncu, M., Karadeniz, N., Çabuk, N., Kendir, H., Bayar, R., Yılmaz, M., Yüceşahin, M. M., Yavuz, N. (2006). Rize İli Çamlıhemşin İlçesinde Doğal ve Beşeri Kaynakların Belirlenmesi ve Arazi Kullanım Kararlarının Geliştirilmesi, TÜBİTAK Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Grubu, Proje No: 102K025, Ankara.
  • Pansu, M., Gautheyrou, J. (2007). Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 993 s.
  • Parfitt, R. L., Scott, N. A., Ross, D. J., Salt, G. J., Tate, K. R. (2003). Land-use change effects on soil C and N transformations in soils of high N status: comparisons under indigenous forest, pasture and pine plantation. Biogeochemistry, 66, 203-221.
  • Patel, K., Nirmal Kumar, J. I. N., Kumar, R., Kumar, Bhoi, R. (2010). Seasonal and temporal variation in soil microbial biomass C, N and P in different types land uses of drydeciduous forest ecosystem of Udaipur, Rajasthan, Western India. Applied Ecologyand Environmental Research, 8(4), 377-390.
  • Pennock, D., Yates, T., Braidek, J., (2007). Soil sampling designs. In Soil sampling and methods of analysis, pp. 1-14.
  • Ross, D. J., Tate, K. R., Scott, N. A., Felthman, C. W. (1999). Land-use change: effects on soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pools and fluxes in three adjacent ecosystems. Soil Biol Biochem, 31, 803–813. Ross, D. S., Lawrence, G. B., Fredriksen, G. (2004). Mineralization and nitrification patterns at eight northeastern USA forested research sites. Forest Ecology and Management, 188, 317-335.
  • Shi, W., Wang, J. Y., Wei, Y. B., Lv, X. N., Gong, W. (2014). Effects of water and temperature on soil nitrogen mineralization of Cryptomeria fortune plantations in rainy area of West ern China, Chin. J. Soil Sci., 45(6), 1430–1436.
  • Song, Q. N., Yang, Q. P., Yu, D. K., Fang, K., Zhao, G. D., Yu, S. B. (2013). The effects of forest conver sion on soil N mineralization and its availability in central Jiangxi subtropical region, Acta Ecol. Sin., 33(22), 7309–7318.
  • Tecimen, H. B. (2011). Orman, Çalı ve Terk Edilmiş Tarla Alanlarındaki Azot Mineralleşmesinin Standart Deneylik Koşullarında İncelenmesi. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul, 61(1), 39-46.
  • Tecimen, H. B., Sevgi, O., Yurtseven, H., Sevgi, E., Öztürk, M. (2013). Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification Rates in Different Land Uses: An in Situ Incubation - Fresen Environ Bull., 22, 1173-1178.
  • Templer, P. H., Groffman, P. M., Flecker, A. S., Power, A. G (2005). Land use change and soil nutrient transformations in the Los Haitises region of the Dominican Republic, Soil Biol. Biochem, 37(2), 215–225.
  • Toohey., R. C., Boll, J., Brooks, E. S., Jones, J. R (2018). Effects of land use on soil properties and hydrological processes at the point, plot, and catchment scale in volcanic soils near Turrialba, Costa Rica. Geoderma, 315, 138-148.
  • URL-1 (2019). http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21477370, (21.05.2019).
  • URL-2 (2019)https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052803.pdf, (31.10.2019).
  • Walkley, A. (1947). A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soils-Effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Science, 63, 251-264.
  • Wang, X., Li, M. H., Liu, S., Liu, G. (2006). Fractal characteristics of soils under different land-use patterns in the arid and semiarid regions of the Tibetan Plateau, China. Geoderma, 134, 56-61.
  • Wei, X. R., Shao, M. A., Fu, X. L., Agren, G. I., Yin, X. Q (2011). The effects of land use on soil N mineralization during the growing season on the northern Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma 160, 590-598.
  • Wu, J. J., Han, M., Chang, W., Ai, L., Chang, X. X. (2007). The mineralization of soil nitrogen and its influenced factors under alpine meadows in Qilian Mountains, Acta Prataculturae Sin., 16(6), 39–46.
  • Yener, İ., Duman, A., Satıral, C., Avşar, H. (2017). Kızılağaç Meşcerelerinin Çay Bahçelerine Dönüştürülmesi Sonucu Toprakların Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinde Meydana Gelen Değişimler (Arhavi Örneği). Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 203-213.
  • Yihenew, G. S., Getachew, A., (2013). Effects of different land use systems on selected physicochemical properties of soils in Northwestern Ethiopia. J. Agric. Sci., 5(4), 112–120.
  • Zhu, Z. L. (1997). Mineralization of soil nitrogen. In Nitrogen in Soils of China. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 74. Ed. Zhu, Z., Wen, Q., Freney, J. R. Springer, Dordrecht.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği
Bölüm Biodiversity, Environmental Management and Policy, Sustainable Forestry
Yazarlar

Mehmet Küçük 0000-0002-0954-2581

İsmet Yener 0000-0001-6998-9791

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Küçük, M., & Yener, İ. (2019). Farklı Arazi Kullanımlarının Toprakların Bazı Özellikleri ve Azot Mineralizasyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi (Rize, Kalkandere Örneği). Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(3), 899-910. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.584921


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