Peyzaj Parçalanmasının Siirt’in Endemik Bitki Türleri Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2012 yılları arasında Siirt peyzajında meydana gelen parçalanmanın, endemik bitkiler üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntemsel olarak, 2000-2012 yıllarına ait CORINE arazi örtüsü/arazi kullanımı verisi kullanılarak leke sınıfları üretilmiştir. Bu leke sınıfları için Patch Analyst programında yer alan ve FRAGSTATS arayüzüyle çalışan PatchGrid eklentisi kullanılarak peyzaj metrikleri hesaplanmıştır. Siirt peyzajında yer alan endemik bitkilere ait bilgiler derlenerek sayısal ortama aktarılmıştır. Ek olarak, Siirt peyzajında yer alan endemik bitki türlerinin IUCN kırmızı liste sınıfları da değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, belirtilen yıllar arasında Siirt peyzajındaki en parçalı leke sınıfları 2012 yılında kıyı peyzajı ve üzüm bağları olmuştur. Her iki leke sınıfı için MPS, NumP ve CA değerleri 100% düşüş göstermiştir. Diğer yandan aynı yıllar arasında meyve bahçeleri, seyrek bitki alanları, sulanmayan ekilebilir alan ve doğal çayırlıklar daha büyük lekelere dönüşmüştür. Endemik türler ile leke sınıfları arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında, türlerin bulunduğu leke sınıflarının 48%’i değişime uğramıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Peyzaj parçalanması
• endemik türler
• CORINE
• arazi kullanımı
• arazi örtüsü
• PatchGrid
• Siirt

Effects of Landscape Fragmentation on Endemic Plant Species of Siirt

Öz

In this study we aim to investigate the effect of fragmentation on the endemic plant species in the Siirt landscape between 2000 and 2012. Patch classes were systematically generated using CORINE land cover/land use data from 2000 to 2012. Landscape metrics were calculated using the PatchGrid plug-in that is included in the Patch Analyst programme, which works on FRAGSTATS interface. Furthermore, IUCN red list classes of endemic plant species in this landscape were evaluated. Thus, the most fragmented patch classes were coastal landscape and vineyards in 2012. MPS, NumP, and CA values for both these patch classes showed a 100% decrease. On the other hand, fruit trees and berry plantations, sparsely vegetated areas, non-irrigated arable land and natural grasslands turned into larger patches during the same period. When the relationship between endemic species and patch classes was investigated, 48% of the patch classes in which these species were found changed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Landscape fragmentation
• endemic species
• CORINE
• land use
• land cover
• PatchGrid
• Siirt

Kaynakça

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