IMPACTS OF FOREST HARVESTING OPERATIONS ON SOIL COMPACTION IN SCOTCH PINE-FIR MIXED STANDS (ÇANKIRI SAMPLE)
Öz
This study investigated soil compaction, caused by tree felling and ground based forest harvesting operations, in sandy loamy brown forest soil, located in mixed forest stand harvesting units. In the study area, conventional forest harvesting is still practiced and this resulted in considerable soil compaction. As the forests are on the mountainous landscape, ground skidding is carried out by human, animal or tractor power. The impacts of harvesting operations in felling and skidding areas on soil compaction were assessed in this study. Thirty nine sample areas were taken for two soil depths (0-5 cm and 5-10 cm) before and after tree felling and ground skidding activities measuring 7 samples for each, in four different stands. Soil compactions at logged areas were nearly two times greater than the unlogged areas, except tree felling values at 5-10 cm depth.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Soil compaction brown forest soil tree felling ground skidding penetrometer
Kaynakça
- o Agherkakli, B., Najafi, A. and Sadeghi, S.H. 2010. Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest. Journal of Forest Science. 56 (6): 278–284. o Ampoorter, E., Goris, R.W.M., Cornelis, W.M. and Verheyen, K. 2007. Impact of mechanized logging on compaction status of sandy forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 241: 162–174. o Ampoorter, E. 2011. Soil compaction due to mechanized forest harvesting: quantification of ecosystem effects and exploration of recovery potential. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ISBN‐ number: 978‐90‐5989‐430‐3, 189 p. o Anonymous, 2008. Ankara Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Ilgaz Orman Işletme Müdürlüğü, Yenice Orman Isletme Sefligi Amenajman Plani (1996-2015). o Ares, A., Terry, T.A., Miller, R.E., Anderson, H.W. and Flaming, B.L. 2005. Ground-based forest harvesting effects on soil physical properties and Douglas-fir growth. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 69: 1822–1832. o Corns, I.G. 1998. Compaction by forestry equipment and effects on coniferous seedling growth on four soils in the Alberta foothills. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 18: 75–84. o Demir, M., Makineci, E. and Yilmaz, E. 2007. Investigation of timber harvesting impacts on herbaceous cover, forest floor and surface soil properties on skid road in an oak (Quercuspetrea L.) stand. Building and Environment, 42: 1194–1199. o Donagh, P.M., Rivero, L., Garibaldi, J., Alvez, M., Cortez, P., Marek, M., Erbetta, D., Fernández, R., Phar, N. and Toma, T. 2010. Effects of selective harvesting on traffic pattern and soil compaction in a subtropical forest in Guarani, Misiones, Argentine. Scientia Forentalis, 38 (85): 115-124. o Eliasson, L. 2005. Effects of forwarder tyre pressure on rut formation and soil compaction. Silva Fennica 39 (4): 549–557. o Gebauer, R., Neruda, J., Ulrich, R. and Martinková, M. 2012. Soil compaction - impact of harvesters' and forwarders' passages on plant growth, Sustainable Forest Management - Current Research, Dr. Julio J. Diez (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0621-0, 454 p. o Grace, J.M.I., Skaggs, R.W. and Cassel, D.K. 2006. Soil physical changes associated with forest harvesting operations on an organic soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70: 503–509. o Göl, C., Çakır, M. and Baran, A. 2010. Comparison of soil properties between pure and mixed Uludag fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. Bornmülleriana Mattf.) stands in Ilgaz Mountain National Park. Ekoloji, 75: 33-40. o Grigal, D.F. 2000. Effects of extensit forest management on soil produktivity. Forest Ecology and Management, 138:167-185. o Hutchings, T.R., Moffat, A.J. and French, C.J. 2002. Soil compaction under timber harvesting machinery: a preliminary report on the role of brash mats in its prevention. Soil Use and Management, 18: 34-38. o Jordan, D., Ponder, F. Jr. and Hubbard, V.C. 2003. Effects of soil compaction, forest leaf litter and nitrogen fertilizer on two oak species and microbial activity. Applied Soil Ecology, 23: 33–41. o Junior, M.S.D, Fonseca, S., Jşnior, C.F.A. and Silva, A.R. 2007. Soil compaction due to forest harvest operations. Pesq. agropec. bras., Brasília, 42 (2): 257-264. o Jurgensen, M.F., Harvey, A.E., Graham, R.T., Page-Dumroese, D.S., Tonn, J.R., Larsen, M.J. and Jain, T.B., 1997. Impacts of timber harvesting on soil organic matter, nitrogen, productivity, and health of Inland Northwest Forests. Forest Science, 43: 234-251. o Korb, J.E. 2011. The effect of tree harvesting on soil resistance to penetration (Compaction): Bio Fuel Project, Pagosa Springs Ranger District, San Juan National Forest, Colorado, Pre-Treatment Report, 30 p. o Kozlowski, T.T. 1999. Soil compaction and growth of woody plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 14 (6): 596-619. o Lister, T.W. 1999. Forest harvesting disturbance and site preparation effects onsoil processes and vegetation in a young pine plantation. MSc-Thesis, Faculty of theVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 104 p. o Lotfalian, M. and Bahmani, H. 2011. Effects of ground based skidding system on soil compaction and herbaceous species in a Hyrcanian Forest. European Journal of Scientific Research, 61 (4): 601-606. o Lousier, J.D. 1990. Impacts of forest harvesting and regeneration on forest sites. Land Management Report Number 67, ISSN 0702-9861, ISBN 0-7718-8927-5, Research Branch, Ministry of Forests, 31 Bastion Square, Victoria, B.C. 92 p. o Makineci, E., Demir, M., Comez, A. and Yilmaz, E. 2007. Long-term harvesting effects on skid road in a fir (Abiesbornmulleriana Mattf.) plantation forest. Building and Environment, 44: 1538–1543. o Melemez, K., Tunay, M. and Tuna, E. 2013. A comparison of productivity in five small-scale harvesting systems. Small-scale Forestry, 12 (1), ISSN 1873-7617 DOI:10.1007/s11842-013-9239-1, 371 p. o Murphy, G., Firth, J.G. and Skinner, M.F. 2004. Long-term impacts of forest harvesting related soil disturbance on log product yields and economic potential in a New Zealand forest. Silva Fennica 38 (3): 279–289. o Naghdi, R., Bagheri, I., Akef, M. and Mahdavi, A. 2007. Soil compaction caused by 450C Timber Jack wheeledskidder (Shefarood forest, northern Iran). Journal of Forest Science, 53 (7): 314–319. o Najafi, A., Solgi, A. and Sadeghi, S.H. 2009. Soil disturbance following four wheel rubber skidder logging on the step trail in the north mountainous forest of Iran. Soil & Tillage Research, 103: 165–169. o Özgöz, E. and Okursoy, R. 2001. Relations between tractor rubber tire pressure and soil compaction. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (4): 75-82. o Rohand, K., Al Kalb, A., Herbauts, J. and Verbrugge, J.C. 2004.Changes in some mechanical properties of loamy soil under the influence of mechanized forest exploitation in a beech forest of central Belgium. Journal of Terramechanics, 40: 235–253. o Startsev, A.D. and McNabb, D.H. 2000. Effects of skidding on forest soil infiltration in west-central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80: 617–624. o Tan, X., Chang, S. X. and Kabzems, R. 2005. Effects of soil compaction and forest floor removal on soil microbial properties and N transformations in a boreal forest long-term soil productivity study. Forest Ecology and Management 217: 158–170. o Tan, X., Chang, S.X. and Kabzems, R. 2008. Soil compaction and forest floor removal reduced microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a boreal aspen forest soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 44: 471–479. o Van Rees, K.C.J., Pennock, D.J. and Block, R. 2001. Impacts of forest harvesting on soil compaction and disturbance in north-central Saskatchewan, Final Report, Department of Soil Science 51 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, 38 p. o Wood, M.J., Caring, P.A. and Mofat, A.J. 2003. Improving the design of slash roads used to reduce soil disturbance during mechanized harvesting of coniferous forest plantations in the UK. Journal of Forest Engineering, 14: 11–23.
IMPACTS OF FOREST HARVESTING OPERATIONS ON SOIL COMPACTION IN SCOTCH PINE-FIR MIXED STANDS (ÇANKIRI SAMPLE)
Öz
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- o Agherkakli, B., Najafi, A. and Sadeghi, S.H. 2010. Ground based operation effects on soil disturbance by steel tracked skidder in a steep slope of forest. Journal of Forest Science. 56 (6): 278–284. o Ampoorter, E., Goris, R.W.M., Cornelis, W.M. and Verheyen, K. 2007. Impact of mechanized logging on compaction status of sandy forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management, 241: 162–174. o Ampoorter, E. 2011. Soil compaction due to mechanized forest harvesting: quantification of ecosystem effects and exploration of recovery potential. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. ISBN‐ number: 978‐90‐5989‐430‐3, 189 p. o Anonymous, 2008. Ankara Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Ilgaz Orman Işletme Müdürlüğü, Yenice Orman Isletme Sefligi Amenajman Plani (1996-2015). o Ares, A., Terry, T.A., Miller, R.E., Anderson, H.W. and Flaming, B.L. 2005. Ground-based forest harvesting effects on soil physical properties and Douglas-fir growth. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 69: 1822–1832. o Corns, I.G. 1998. Compaction by forestry equipment and effects on coniferous seedling growth on four soils in the Alberta foothills. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 18: 75–84. o Demir, M., Makineci, E. and Yilmaz, E. 2007. Investigation of timber harvesting impacts on herbaceous cover, forest floor and surface soil properties on skid road in an oak (Quercuspetrea L.) stand. Building and Environment, 42: 1194–1199. o Donagh, P.M., Rivero, L., Garibaldi, J., Alvez, M., Cortez, P., Marek, M., Erbetta, D., Fernández, R., Phar, N. and Toma, T. 2010. Effects of selective harvesting on traffic pattern and soil compaction in a subtropical forest in Guarani, Misiones, Argentine. Scientia Forentalis, 38 (85): 115-124. o Eliasson, L. 2005. Effects of forwarder tyre pressure on rut formation and soil compaction. Silva Fennica 39 (4): 549–557. o Gebauer, R., Neruda, J., Ulrich, R. and Martinková, M. 2012. Soil compaction - impact of harvesters' and forwarders' passages on plant growth, Sustainable Forest Management - Current Research, Dr. Julio J. Diez (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0621-0, 454 p. o Grace, J.M.I., Skaggs, R.W. and Cassel, D.K. 2006. Soil physical changes associated with forest harvesting operations on an organic soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70: 503–509. o Göl, C., Çakır, M. and Baran, A. 2010. Comparison of soil properties between pure and mixed Uludag fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. Bornmülleriana Mattf.) stands in Ilgaz Mountain National Park. Ekoloji, 75: 33-40. o Grigal, D.F. 2000. Effects of extensit forest management on soil produktivity. Forest Ecology and Management, 138:167-185. o Hutchings, T.R., Moffat, A.J. and French, C.J. 2002. Soil compaction under timber harvesting machinery: a preliminary report on the role of brash mats in its prevention. Soil Use and Management, 18: 34-38. o Jordan, D., Ponder, F. Jr. and Hubbard, V.C. 2003. Effects of soil compaction, forest leaf litter and nitrogen fertilizer on two oak species and microbial activity. Applied Soil Ecology, 23: 33–41. o Junior, M.S.D, Fonseca, S., Jşnior, C.F.A. and Silva, A.R. 2007. Soil compaction due to forest harvest operations. Pesq. agropec. bras., Brasília, 42 (2): 257-264. o Jurgensen, M.F., Harvey, A.E., Graham, R.T., Page-Dumroese, D.S., Tonn, J.R., Larsen, M.J. and Jain, T.B., 1997. Impacts of timber harvesting on soil organic matter, nitrogen, productivity, and health of Inland Northwest Forests. Forest Science, 43: 234-251. o Korb, J.E. 2011. The effect of tree harvesting on soil resistance to penetration (Compaction): Bio Fuel Project, Pagosa Springs Ranger District, San Juan National Forest, Colorado, Pre-Treatment Report, 30 p. o Kozlowski, T.T. 1999. Soil compaction and growth of woody plants. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 14 (6): 596-619. o Lister, T.W. 1999. Forest harvesting disturbance and site preparation effects onsoil processes and vegetation in a young pine plantation. MSc-Thesis, Faculty of theVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 104 p. o Lotfalian, M. and Bahmani, H. 2011. Effects of ground based skidding system on soil compaction and herbaceous species in a Hyrcanian Forest. European Journal of Scientific Research, 61 (4): 601-606. o Lousier, J.D. 1990. Impacts of forest harvesting and regeneration on forest sites. Land Management Report Number 67, ISSN 0702-9861, ISBN 0-7718-8927-5, Research Branch, Ministry of Forests, 31 Bastion Square, Victoria, B.C. 92 p. o Makineci, E., Demir, M., Comez, A. and Yilmaz, E. 2007. Long-term harvesting effects on skid road in a fir (Abiesbornmulleriana Mattf.) plantation forest. Building and Environment, 44: 1538–1543. o Melemez, K., Tunay, M. and Tuna, E. 2013. A comparison of productivity in five small-scale harvesting systems. Small-scale Forestry, 12 (1), ISSN 1873-7617 DOI:10.1007/s11842-013-9239-1, 371 p. o Murphy, G., Firth, J.G. and Skinner, M.F. 2004. Long-term impacts of forest harvesting related soil disturbance on log product yields and economic potential in a New Zealand forest. Silva Fennica 38 (3): 279–289. o Naghdi, R., Bagheri, I., Akef, M. and Mahdavi, A. 2007. Soil compaction caused by 450C Timber Jack wheeledskidder (Shefarood forest, northern Iran). Journal of Forest Science, 53 (7): 314–319. o Najafi, A., Solgi, A. and Sadeghi, S.H. 2009. Soil disturbance following four wheel rubber skidder logging on the step trail in the north mountainous forest of Iran. Soil & Tillage Research, 103: 165–169. o Özgöz, E. and Okursoy, R. 2001. Relations between tractor rubber tire pressure and soil compaction. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (4): 75-82. o Rohand, K., Al Kalb, A., Herbauts, J. and Verbrugge, J.C. 2004.Changes in some mechanical properties of loamy soil under the influence of mechanized forest exploitation in a beech forest of central Belgium. Journal of Terramechanics, 40: 235–253. o Startsev, A.D. and McNabb, D.H. 2000. Effects of skidding on forest soil infiltration in west-central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 80: 617–624. o Tan, X., Chang, S. X. and Kabzems, R. 2005. Effects of soil compaction and forest floor removal on soil microbial properties and N transformations in a boreal forest long-term soil productivity study. Forest Ecology and Management 217: 158–170. o Tan, X., Chang, S.X. and Kabzems, R. 2008. Soil compaction and forest floor removal reduced microbial biomass and enzyme activities in a boreal aspen forest soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 44: 471–479. o Van Rees, K.C.J., Pennock, D.J. and Block, R. 2001. Impacts of forest harvesting on soil compaction and disturbance in north-central Saskatchewan, Final Report, Department of Soil Science 51 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, 38 p. o Wood, M.J., Caring, P.A. and Mofat, A.J. 2003. Improving the design of slash roads used to reduce soil disturbance during mechanized harvesting of coniferous forest plantations in the UK. Journal of Forest Engineering, 14: 11–23.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2013 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2013 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 |
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