Juvenile Wood and Its Properties

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 16, 25 - 32, 06.11.2009

Mustafa Burak Arslan Deniz Aydemir

Öz

Wood based products (especially building sector) are desired homogeneous as much as possible. Juvenile wood

which occurs at first years of trees growth (approximately 5-20 years) may impair this homogeneous. Because

juvenile wood show too different in mature wood, which comprise of after juvenile wood (more than 20 years)

and have higher strength properties. It’s significant to determine juvenile wood tissue of trees which used forest

product industrial in Turkey like pines, elm, alder, and beech owing to the poorer mechanical properties than

mature wood. Therefore, unexpected result may appear on wood materials that manufactured in natural juvenile

forest or plantation. In this paper is interpreted by study to studies compared physical, chemical, mechanical

properties of juvenile and mature wood. Thus it is indicated that technologic properties of wood based materials

are affected by tree age as scientific.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Juvenile wood, Mature wood, Anatomic properties, Mechanical properties

Genç Odun ve Özellikleri

Öz

Ahşap malzemenin (özellikle yapı sektöründe) olabildiğince homojen olması istenmektedir. Ağaçların büyüme

dönemlerinin ilk yıllarında (yaklaşık olarak 5 ile 20 yıl arası) oluşan genç odun bu homojenliğin bozulmasına

neden olabilir. Çünkü genç odun anatomik ve teknolojik özellikler bakımından olgun odundan (genç odundan

sonra oluşan ve daha yüksek direnç değerlerine sahip olan kısım) daha farklı özelliklere sahiptir. Ülkemizde

özellikle kereste endüstrisi olmak üzere, orman ürünleri sanayinde kullanılan ağaçların (çam türleri, karaağaç,

kızılağaç, kayın vb.) genç odun dokusunun özelliklerinin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Zira genç odun

dokularının mekanik özellikleri olgun odundan daha düşüktür. Bu nedenle doğal genç ormanlardan ya da

plantasyonlardan üretilen ağaç malzemelerde beklenmedik sonuçlar ortaya çıkarabilir. Bu çalışmada, ağaçların

genç ve odun dokularının fiziksel, kimyasal ve mekanik özelliklerinin karşılaştırıldığı çalışmalar mercek altına

alınarak yorumlanmıştır. Bu sayede, odun esaslı malzemelerin teknolojik özelliklerine, ağaç yaşının etkisi

bilimsel olarak ortaya konmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Genç odun, Olgun odun, Anatomik özellikler, Mekanik özellikler

Kaynakça

• o Agénor P.R. 2005. The macroeconomics of poverty reduction. The Manchester School 73 (4) Special Issue, 369–434.
• o Alcantara V. and Duro J. A. 2004. Inequality of energy intensities across OECD countries: a note. Energy Policy 32, 1257–1260.
• o Atkinson A. B. 1970. On the Measurement of Inequality. Journal of Economic Theory 2, 244–263.
• o Benito J. M. and Ezcurra R. 2005. Spatial Disparities in Productivity and Industry Mix: The Case of the European Regions. European Urban and Regional Studies 12, 177–194. Carlino G. and Chatterjee S. 2002. Employment Deconcentration: A New Perspective of America’s Postwar Urban Evolution. Journal of Regional Science 42 (2), 455–475.
• o Chakravarty S. 1996. A Measurement of Spatial Disparity: The Case of Income Inequality. Urban Studies. 33 (9), 1671–1686.
• o Chakravarty S.R. and Silber J. 2007. A generalized index of employment segregation. Mathematical Social Sciences 53, 185–195.
• o Çiftçi M. 2008. Ülkelerarası Küresel Eşitsizlikte Uzun Dönemli Bozulma (1950–2001). The Journal of International Social Research 1 (5), 156–179.
• o Dawkins C. 2006. The Spatial Pattern of Black–White Segregation in US Metropolitan Areas: An Exploratory Analysis. Urban Studies 43 (11), 1943–1969.
• o Duro J. A. and Esteban J. 1998. Factor decomposition of cross-country income inequality, 1960–1990. Economics Letters 60, 269–275.
• o Ezcurra R, Gil C. Pascual P. and Rapún M. 2005. Inequality, Polarisation and Regional Mobility in the European Union. Urban Studies 42 (7), 1057–1076.
• o Ezcurra R. and Pascual P. 2007. Regional Polarisation and National Development in the European Union. Urban Studies 44 (1), 99–122.
• o Ezcurra R. and Rapún M. 2006.Regional Disparities and National Development Revisited: The Case of Western Europe. European Urban and Regional Studies 13 (4), 355–369.
• o Ezcurra R. Pascual P. and Rapun M. 2007. Spatial Inequality in Productivity in the European Union: Sectoral and Regional Factors. International Regional Science Review 30 (4), 384–407.
• o Fedorov L. 2002. Regional Inequality and Regional Polarization in Russia, 1990–99. World Development 30 (3), 443–456.
• o García I. and Molina J. A. 2001. The Effects of Region on the Welfare and Monetary Income of Spanish Families. Urban Studies 38 (13), 2415–2424.
• o Gezici F. 2007. Türkiye’nin Bölgelerarası Gelişmişlik Farkları ve Bölgesel Politikalarının Yeni Yaklaşımlar Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi. Bölge Biliminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar – Bildiriler Kitabı, 12. Ulusal Bölge Bilimi / Bölge Planlama Kongresi, Bölge Bilim Türk Milli Komitesi, İTÜ, DPT, İstanbul.
• o Güven A. 2007. The Role of Incentive Policy on Income Inequality between Turkish Provinces: A Decomposition Analysis. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi 14, 20–38.
• o Harvey J. 2005. A note on the ‘natural rate of subjective inequality’hypothesis and the approximate relationship between the Gini coefficient and the Atkinson index. Journal of Public Economics 89, 1021– 1025.
• o Heindenreich M. 2003. Regional Inequalities in the Enlarged Europe. Journal of European Social Policy 13, 313–333.
• o Jammalamadaka S. R. and Goria M. N. 2004. A test of goodness - of - t based on Gini’s index of spacings. Statistics & Probability Letters 68, 177–187.
• o Jones M. P. and Mainwaring S. 2003. The Nationalization of Parties and Party Systems An Empirical Measure and an Application to the Americas. Party Politics 9 (2), 139–166.
• o Lu D. 2008. China’s Regional Income Disparity - An Alternative Way to think of the Sources and Causes. Economics of Transition 16 (1), 31–58.
• o Marks G. N, Headey B. and Wooden M. 2005. Household Wealth in Australia: Its Components, Distribution and Correlates. Journal of Sociology 41 (1), 47–68.
• o Millimet D. M. and Slottje D. 2002. Environmental Compliance Costs and the Distribution of Emissions in the U.S. Journal of Regional Science 42 (1), 87 – 105.
• o Moran T. P. 2003. On the Theoretical and Methodological Context of Cross-National Inequality Data. International Sociology 18 (2), 351–378.
• o Oberwittler D. Disorganization Juvenile Offending: The Role of Subcultural Values and Social A Multilevel Analysis of Neighbourhood Contextual Effects on Serious. European Journal of Criminology, 2004, 1 (2): 201–235.
• o ÖSYM 2001. 2000–2001 Öğretim Yılı Yükseköğretim İstatistikleri Kitabı, Ankara.
• o ÖSYM 2008. 2007–2008 Öğretim Yılı Yükseköğretim İstatistikleri Kitabı, Ankara.
• o Öztürk L. 2005. Bölgelerarası Gelir Eşitsizliği: İstatistikî Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması’na (İBBS) Göre Eşitsizlik İndeksleri İle Bir Analiz, 1965–2001. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi 10, 95–110.
• o Pedersen A. W. 2004 Measurement Inequality as Relative Deprivation: A Sociological Approach to Inequality. Acta Sociologica 47, 31–49.
• o Poulin R. and Latham A. D. M. 2002. Inequalities in size and intensitydependent growth in a mermithid nematode parasitic in beach hoppers. Journal of Helminthology 76, 65–70.
• o Ravallion M. 2001. Growth, Inequality and Poverty: Looking Beyond the Averages, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 2558, Washington, D.C.
• o Regidor E, Calle M. E, Navarro P. and Dominguez V. 2003. Trends in the Association between Average Income, Poverty and Income Inequality and Life Expectancy in Spain. Social Science & Medicine 56, 961–971.
• o Sadras V. and Bongiovanni R. 2004. Use of Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients to assess yield inequality within paddocks. Field Crops Research 90, 303–310.
• o Salas R. 1997. Welfare-consistent inequality indices in changing populations: The marginal population replication axiom A note. Journal of Public Economics 67, 145–150.
• o Schmidt M. B. and Berri D. J. Competitive Balance and Attendance: The Case of Major League Baseball. Journal of Sports Economics, 2001, 2 (2): 145–167.
• o Sen A. K. 1973. On Economic Inequality, Oxford University Press, Oxford, etc.
• o Siew A, Lim K. and Tang K. K. 2008. Human Capital Inequality and the Kuznets Curve. The Developing Economies XLVI-1, 26–51.
• o Siew A. Lim K. and Kitang K. 2008. A human capital inequality and the Kuznets curve. The Developing Economies, XLVI-1, 26–51.
• o Spatz J. 2006. Poverty and Inequality in the Era of Structural Reforms: The Case of Bolivia, Springer Verlag. Berlin.
• o Sweeney S. H. and Goldstein H. 2005. Accounting for migration in regional occupational employment projections. The Annals of Regional Science 39, 297–316.
• o Utt J. and Fort R. 2002. Pitfalls to Measuring Competitive Balance with Gini Coefficients. Journal of Sports Economics 3 (4), 367–373.