EFFECTS OF COLD STRATIFICATION AND SULPHURIC ACID PRETREATMENTS ON GERMINATION OF HAWTHORN (Crataegus spp.) SEEDS

Yıl 2006, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 10, 74 - 79, 01.06.2006

Zeki Yahyaoğlu Zafer Ölmez Aşkın Göktürk Fatih Temel

Öz

This study was carried out to determine methods to overcome seed dormancy in Crataegus spp. seeds. Cold

stratification (20, 40, 60 and 90 days), 60-90 days cold stratification with submersion in sulphuric acid (H2SO4)

for different durations (30, 75, 105, 120, 150 and 180 minutes) and autumn sowing after submersion in sulphuric

acid for different durations pretreatments were applied to remove seed dormancy. The seeds were sown in

polyethylene pots in the greenhouse and on seedbeds under open field conditions. Statistical design was a

randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were conducted periodically for 90 days

after sowing to determine germination percentage and germination rate. Seedling percentages were also

determined by counting the seedlings after a winter season. We could not achieve germination in Crataegus

microphylla, C. monogyna, C. pontica and C. pseudoheterophylla seeds. Germination occurred only in C.

monogyna subsp. azarella seeds. The highest germination percentage (17.5%) was determined in C. monogyna

subsp. azarella seeds that were sown in the greenhouse after submersed in sulphuric acid for 120 minutes + cold

stratified for 90 days.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crataegus spp., seed dormancy, sulphuric acid, cold stratification

SOĞUK KATLAMA VE SÜLFÜRİK ASİT ÖNİŞLEMLERİNİN ALIÇ (Crataegus spp.) TOHUMLARININ ÇİMLENMESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Öz

Artvin Yöresinde doğal olarak yayılış gösteren Crataegus microphylla, C. monogyna, C. monogyna subsp.

azarella, C. pontica ve C. pseudoheterophylla türlerinin tohumlarının çimlenme engellerini giderecek uygun

yöntemlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tohumlar türlerin doğal olarak yayılış gösterdiği alanlardan

toplanmıştır. Çimlenme engellerinin giderilmesi için 20, 40, 60 ve 90 gün soğuk katlama, 60 ve 90 gün soğuk

katlama ile birlikte değişik sürelerde (30, 75, 105, 120, 150 ve 180 dakika) konsantre (%98) sülfürik asitte

(H2SO4) bekletme işlemleri ile farklı sürelerde sülfürik asitte bekletilen tohumlarda sonbahar ekimleri

uygulanmıştır. Ekimler üç yinelemeli tesadüfî tam bloklar deneme desenine göre sera ve açık alan koşullarında

gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekim zamanını takiben 90 gün boyunca gözlemler yapılmış, çimlenme yüzdeleri ve

çimlenme hızları belirlenmiştir. C. microphylla, C. monogyna, C. pontica ve C. pseudoheterophylla türlerinde

çimlenme elde edilememiştir. Sadece C. monogyna subsp. azarella tohumlarında çimlenmeler gerçekleşmiştir.

C. monogyna subsp. azarella tohumlarında en yüksek çimlenme yüzdesi (%17.5) 120 dakika H2SO4+ 90 gün

soğuk katlama işlemi uygulanan tohumlarda sera koşullarında elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Crataegus spp., çimlenme engeli, sülfürik asit, soğuk katlama

Kaynakça

• Anonim, 1974 Seeds of Woody Plants of the United States-Agriculture Handbook 450, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA.
• Bir, R.E. 1992 Growing and Propagating Showy Native Woody Plants, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, USA.
• Brinkman, K.A. 1974 Crataegus L., Hawthorn, Ed: Schopmeyer, C.S., Seeds of Woody Plants in the United States, Agriculture Handbook, 450, USDA Forest Service, pp:356-360, Washington DC.
• Deno, N.C. 1993 Seed Germination Theory and Practice, Ed: Norman, C., 2nd edition, State College, PA.
• Dirr, M.A. and Heuser, C.W. 1987 The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation, From Seed to Tissue Culture, Varsity Press, Athens, GA.
• Gökmen, H.,1973 Kapalı Tohumlular, Şark Matbaası, Ankara.
• Hartmann, H.T., Kester, D.E., Davies, F.T. and Geneve, R.L. 1997 Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices, 6th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall.
• ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) 1993 Rules For Testing Seeds: Rules, Seed Sci. and Technol., 21(Supplement), 1-259.
• John, S. 1982 Acid Treatment of Seeds of Crataegus monogyna and other Crataegus Species, Combined Proceedings of the International Plant Propagators Society, 32, 203-205.
• Kaminski, W. 1985 Contribution Towards Better Knowledge of Pyracanth (Cotoneaster divaricata L.) Seed Dormancy, IInd Symposium on Growth Regulators in Floriculture, Skierniewice, Poland, pp. 167.
• Kosykh, V.M. 1972 Germination of Seeds of Crimean Species of Crataegus (in Russian), Byulleten Glavnogo Botanicheskogo Sada, 84, 80-82.
• Lasseigne, F.T. and Blazich, F.A. 2003 Crataegus L., url: www.wpsm.net/ Crataegus.pdf, 25.07.2004.
• Phipps, J.B. 1998 Synopsis of Crataegus Series Apiifoliae, Cordatae, Microcarpae, and Brevispinae (Rosaceae subfam. Maloideae), Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 85, 475-491.
• Pieper, A. 1952 Das Saatgut. V.P. Darey Berlin, Hamburg, Germany.
• Poulsen, K. 1996 Case Study: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Seed Research, Eds: Ouedraogos, A.S., Poulsen, K., Stubsgaard, F., Proceedings of an International Workshop on Improved Methods for Handling and Storage of Intermediate/Recalcitrant Tropical Forest Tree Seeds, June 8-10, Umlebaek, Denmark.
• Saatçioğlu, F. 1971 Orman Ağacı Tohumları, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 173, İstanbul.
• Wolf, H. and Kamondo, B. 1993 Seed Pre-Sowing Treatment, Tree Seed Handbook of Kenya, Ed: Albrecht, J., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, pp: 55-62, Nairobi.
• Young, J.A. and Young, C.G. 1992 Seeds of Woody Plants in North America, Dioscorides Press, Portland