Continuous Lumber Drying Kilns

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 283 - 293, 15.04.2020

Hızır Volkan Görgün , Öner Ünsal

Öz

The aim of this study is to introduce the
continuous kilns, which have a history of nearly 40 years in the world, by
comparing them with traditional batch kilns. In the previous studies, although
frequency based methods have been tried more for this purpose, the conventional
method which is widely preferred in batch kilns is used. However, this method
is applied in kilns with lengths up to 90m, while the timber is stacked and
moved on motion controlled wagons. On the other hand, depending on the change
of equipment and the drying atmosphere that occurs, there are varieties in
itself. This relatively new kiln type is not only in theory, but is also
preferred by many sawmills. Due to their characteristic properties, it is
possible to say that although wood species which can be dried more quickly are
preferred to thin lumber, the flexibility of the timber properties can be
extended with the technological advances and gained experience. Preferring
these type kilns which annual capacities can reach up to 170.000 m³
does not seem economically viable with a plurality of low capacity sawmill in
Turkey at this stage. However, it can be said that if some conditions occur, it
will start to be preferred and even produced by domestic producers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lumber drying, continuous drying kiln, drying duration, drying conditions, drying kiln equipment

Kesintisiz Kereste Kurutma Fırınları

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Dünya’da yaklaşık 40 yıl geçmişi olan kesintisiz
bir şekilde hareketli kereste kurutma fırınlarının, geleneksel sabit kurutma
fırınlarıyla karşılaştırılması yapılarak tanıtılmasıdır. Önceki çalışmalarda bu
amaçla daha çok frekans esaslı yöntemler denenmesine karşın, sabit fırınlarda
yaygın bir şekilde tercih edilen konvansiyonel yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Ancak
bu yöntem, uzunlukları 90m’ye kadar çıkabilen fırınlarda, keresteler hareket
kontrollü vagonlar üzerinde istiflenip ilerlerken uygulanmaktadır. Diğer yandan
ekipman ve buna bağlı oluşan kurutma atmosferi değişimine bağlı, kendi
içerisinde de çeşitleri bulunmaktadır. Nispeten yeni sayılabilecek bu yeni
fırın tipi teoride kalmayıp, aynı zamanda birçok kereste fabrikası tarafından
da tercih edilmeye başlamıştır. Karakteristik özellikleri nedeniyle, daha çok
hızlı kurutulabilen ağaç türlerinin ince keresteleri tercih edilmesine karşın,
teknolojik gelişmeler ve edinilen tecrübelerle kurutulabilecek kereste
özelliklerinde esneklik sağlanacağı da söylenebilir. Yıllık kapasiteleri
170.000 m³’e kadar çıkabilen bu tip fırınların, Türkiye’deki kereste
fabrikalarının çok sayıda fakat düşük kapasiteli olması nedeniyle bu aşamada
tercih edilmesi ekonomik açıdan uygun gözükmemektedir. Bununla birlikte belirli
şartlar oluştuğu takdirde, tercih edilmeye ve hatta yerli üreticiler tarafından
üretilmeye başlanacağı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kereste kurutma, kesintisiz kurutma fırını, kurutma süresi, kurutma atmosferi, kurutma fırını ekipmanları

Kaynakça

• 1. AWD (2019). Continuous Kilns, American Wood Dryers, LLC, A.B.D. http://www.drykilns.com/continuous-kilns/ (30.08.2019).
• 2. BEP (2019). Continuous Flow Wood Drying Kiln Advantages, BEP Industries Ltd. https://www.bepindustries.com/continuous-kilns (30.08.2019).
• 3. BES Bolmann (2019). Progressive drying, Bes Bolmann Drying & Control Systems. https://www.bes-bollmann.com/progressive/ (30.08.2019).
• 4. Bruner-Hildebrand (2017). Brochure Continues Kiln, Bruner-Hildebrand, Brunner Trockentechnik GmbH, https://www.brunner-hildebrand.de/en/service/downloads/ (30.04.2017).
• 5. Bruner-Hildebrand (2019a). Progressive Kiln, Bruner-Hildebrand, Brunner Trockentechnik GmbH, https://www.brunner-hildebrand.de/en/products/progressive-kiln/ (30.08.2019).
• 6. Bruner-Hildebrand (2019b). Kiln Prime Zone (KPZ), Bruner-Hildebrand, Brunner Trockentechnik GmbH, https://www.brunner-hildebrand.de/en/innovation/kiln-prime-zone-en (30.08.2019).
• 7. Christensen FJ, Barker LS (1973). High speed drying research and the development of an experimental continuous feed mechanical kiln for sawn timber. Aust. Forest Ind. J. 39(7): 30-35.
• 8. Dynalse (2019). Kiln Scout, Wireless Wood Moisture Meter in Kilns, Dynalse AB, İsveç. https://dynalyse.com/products/moisture-measurement-lumber-timber/kilnscout (30.08.2019).
• 9. EDG (1994). Assessment of Drying Quality of Timber, EDG- Recommendation, European Drying Group.
• 10. Elustondo D (2014). Guest editorial: R&D needs in wood drying technology. Drying Technology 32(6), 629-630.
• 11. Heinola (2019a). KUHMO OY, HTC Progressive Kiln, Finland, Heinola Drying Kilns Deliveries 2019, Heinola Sawmill Solutions Inc. https://www.heinolasm.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/HSM_kuivaamot_pikkuesite_ENG_netti.pdf (30.08.2019).
• 12. Heinola (2019b). Heinola Drying Kilns, Heinola Sawmill Solutions Inc. https://www.heinolasm.fi/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/HSM_kuivaamot_esite_ENG_netti.pdf (30.08.2019).
• 13. Katres (2019). A Continuous Process in a Tunnel Dryer, Katres Drying Technology. https://www.katres.cz/tunnel_kilns (30.08.2019).
• 14. Koch, P., Wellford, Jr. W.L. (1977). Continuous tunnel kiln direct-fired with bark to dry 1.75 inch southern pine in 12 hours. Forest Prod. J. 27(5): 39 - 47.
• 15. Logica (2019). Wireless Sensors System by Logica, Logica, İtalya. https://www.logica-hs.com/en/sensors-and-wireless.html (30.08.2019).
• 16. Moren, T. (2016). The Basics of Wood Drying – Moisture Dynamics, Drying Methods, Wood Responses. Valutec AB. Skellefteå, Sweden, 117 pages. ISBN: 978-91-639-0619-0.
• 17. Mühlböck (2019). Mühlböck progressive kiln DYNAMIC 1003 PREMIUM, Mühlböck Holztrocknungsanlagen GmbH. https://www.muehlboeck.com/en/drying-systems/progressive-kiln/progressive-kiln-dynamic/muehlboeck-progressive-kiln-dynamic-1003-premium-holztrocknungsanlagen-trockenkammern-holztrocknung-trocknungstechnik-oesterreich-49854.html (30.08.2019).
• 18. Pratt, G.H. (1974). Timber drying manual. Building Research Establishment Report, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Londra, İngiltere.
• 19. Resch, H. (2006). High-frequency electric current for drying of wood-historical perspectives. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 8(2), 67-82.
• 20. Rietz, R.C. (1950). Accelerating the kiln drying of hardwoods. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, A.B.D.
• 21. Salin, J.G., Wamming, T. (2008). Drying of timber in progressive kilns: Simulation, quality, energy consumption and drying cost considerations. Wood Material Science and Engineering 3(1-2), 12-20.
• 22. Seyfarth, R., Leiker, M., Mollekopf, N. (2003). Continuous drying of lumber in a microwave vacuum kiln. In 8th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference (Vol. 8, pp. 159-163), 24-29 August, 2003, Brasov-Romania.
• 23. Simpson, W.T. (1984). Drying wood: A review-Part II. Drying technology 2(3), 353-368.
• 24. Simpson, W.T. (Ed.) (1991). Dry kiln operator's manual, Handbook No. 188. Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wisconsin, A.B.D.
• 25. Tinsley, D.M., Freeman, T.R., Smoke, W.S., Pollard, L.A. (2012). Dual Path Kiln Improvement, U.S. Patent No. 8,201,501. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC, USA.
• 26. URL-1 (2018). https://www.lesprom.com/en/news/Versowood_to_install_two_Valutec_continuous_kilns_at_sawmill_in_Vierumaki_Finland_81950, Versowood to install two Valutec continuous kilns at sawmill in Vierumaki, Finland, Lesprom Network, (08.02.2018).
• 27. URL-2 (2019). https://www.lesprom.com/en/news/Heinola_to_supply_new_progressive_kilns_for_Sdras_sawmill_in_Vr_Sweden_89481, Heinola to supply new progressive kilns for Södra’s sawmill in Värö, Sweden, Lesprom Network, (12.06.2019).
• 28. URL-3 (2018). https://timberlinemag.com/2018/07/maine-softwood-producer-plans-three-fold-expansion-project, Maine Softwood Producer Plans Three-Fold Expansion Project, Industrial Reporting Inc., Timberline Magazine, (01.07.2018).
• 29. URL-4 (2019). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6KdUHHxKhM, USNR's Counter-Flow Kiln – time lapse video, Youtube, (23.01.2019).
• 30. URL-5 (2018). https://www.woodbusiness.ca/drying-decisions-4820/ Drying decisions: industry experts weigh in on the role of continuous dry kiln systems, Canadian Forest Industries, (26.03.2018).
• 31. URL-6 (2017). http://www.timberlinemag.com/articledatabase/view.asp?articleID=4888, KDS Windsor a Leader in Lumber Drying Systems, IndustrialReporting., Inc, Timberline Magazine, (01.07.2017).
• 32. URL-7 (2017). http://www.timberlinemag.com/articledatabase/view.asp?articleID=4910, Unidirectional Continuous Kilns Poised for North American Breakthrough, IndustrialReporting, Inc., (01.07.2017).
• 33. URL-8 (2017). http://www.3bconstruction.co.uk/news/new-progressive-kiln-for-adam-wilson-sons-sawmill/, New progressive kiln for Adam Wilson & Sons Sawmill, 3b Construction Ltd., (01.02.2017).
• 34. URL-9 (2017). https://www.timber-online.net/sawn_timber/2017/01/first_timber_kilningreatbritain.html , First timber kiln in Great Britain, Timber Online, (04.01.2017).
• 35. URL-10 (2008). http://www.timberlinemag.com/articledatabase/view.asp?articleID=2752, New Kiln Boosts Efficiency, Lumber Quality, IndustrialReporting, Inc., Timberline Magazine, (01.12.2008).
• 36. Valutec (2016). Valutec to exhibit at the Internationale Holzmesse Klagenfurt, Valutec AB. https://www.valutec.ca/news/news-archive/internationale-holzmesse/ (18.08.2016).
• 37. Valutec (2017). Kurekss first in the Baltic region with TC continuous kiln, Valutec AB. https://www.valutec.ca/news/news-archive/kurekss/ (28.06.2017).
• 38. Valutec (2018). Continuity and quality key in Mosser investment in Valutec kiln, Valutec AB. https://www.valutec.ca/news/news-archive/continuity-and-quality-key-in-mosser-kiln-investment/ (19.12.2018).
• 39. Valutec (2019a). 2-zone fb continuous kiln, Valutec AB. https://www.valutec.ca/products/continuous-kilns/2-zone-fb-continuous-kiln/ (30.08.2019).
• 40. Valutec (2019b). Continuous kilns, Valutec AB. https://www.valutec.ca/media/1688/300-7881-kanaltork-rev_2019_enna7.pdf (30.08.2019).
• 41. Valutec (2019c). Custom zone lengths, Valutec AB https://www.valutec.ca/media/1697/egger-ref-case-2019_en_low.pdf (30.08.2019).
• 42. Vikberg T., Moren T. (2015). Internal Heat Exchange in Progressive Kilns. Pro Ligno, 11(4), 318-323.