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Evaluation of Erzurum City Center within the Scope of Blue-Green Infrastructure

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 409 - 421, 15.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.696955

Öz

Urbanization is increasing day by day. About two thirds of people live in cities. Increasing urbanization creates great pressures on both natural and cultural landscape resources in urban areas. Accurate and effective planning within the scope of blue-green infrastructure will reduce global pressures to solve these problems. The blue-green infrastructure is effective in achieving this goal with its versatility and connectivity. In the study, blue-green infrastructure studies in the world and Turkey were examined. Blue-green infrastructure components in Erzurum were evaluated. In the city where the current active green areas per capita (86.43 ha) are 2.28 m², it is seen that the urban green areas are insufficient as one of the blue-green infrastructure components. In addition, the insufficiency of other components was determined in Erzurum city. For this reason, suggestions have been made to increase the blue-green infrastructure components.

Kaynakça

  • Aksu, A., Yılmaz, H. (2018). Atatürk Üniversitesi merkezi açık-yeşil alandaki fiziki değişim memnuniyetinin belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 231-237.
  • American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), American Rivers (AR), The Water Environment Federation (WEF), and Econorthwest. (2012). Banking on Green: A Look at How Green Infrastructure Can Save Municipalities Money and Provide Economic Benefits Community-Wide. https://www.asla.org/uploadedFiles/CMS/Government_Affairs/Federal_Government_Affairs/BankingonGreenHighRes.pdf.
  • Andersson, E., Barthel, S., Borgström, S., Colding, J., Elmqvist, T., Folke, C., Gren, Å. (2014). Reconnecting Cities to the Biosphere: Stewardship of Green Infrastructure and Urban Ecosystem Services. AMBIO, 43, 445–453.
  • Benedict, M. A., Mcmahon, E. T. (2012). Green Infrastructure: Linking Landscapes and Communities. Island Press.
  • Benedict, M., McMahon, E. T. (2002). Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century. 1st quote on, 6.
  • Brears, R. C. (2018). Blue and Green Cities: The Role of Blue-Green Infrastructure in Managing Urban Water Resources. Springer.
  • Brown, R. D., Vanos, J., Kenny, N., Lenzholzer, S. (2015). Designing Urban Parks that Ameliorate the Effects of Climate Change. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 118–131. Cameron, R. W., Blanuoa, T., Taylor, J. E., Salisbury, A., Halstead, A. J., Henricot, B., Thompson, K. (2012). The Domestic Garden – Its Contribution to Urban Green Infrastructure. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11, 129–137.
  • Carter, T., Fowler, L. (2008). Establishing Green Roof Infrastructure Through Environmental Policy Instruments. Environmental Management, 42, 151–164.
  • CNT (2010). The Value of Green Infrastructure: A Guide to Recognizing Its Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits. Available: http://www.cnt.org/sites/default/files/publications/CNT_Value-of-Green-Infrastructure.pdf.
  • Çağırankaya, S., Meriç, B. T. (2013). Türkiye’nin Önemli Sulak Alanları: Ramsar Alanlarımız. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Doga Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü, Hassas Alanlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, 97-107.
  • Çetinkaya, Z ., Ciravoğlu, A . (2016). Sürdürülebilir Yerleşim Modellerinin Karşılaştırılması: Eko-Kent ve Yavaş Kent. İdealkent, 7 (18), 246-267.
  • Driscoll, C. T., Eger, C. G., Chandler, D. G., Davidson, C. I., Roodsari, B. K., Flynn, C. D., ...., Groffman, P. M. (2015). Green Infrastructure: Lessons from Science and Practice, a publication of the Science Policy Exchange.
  • Dunn, A. D. (2010). Siting Green Infrastructure: Legal and Policy Solutions to Alleviate Urban Poverty and Promote Healthy Communities. Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 37.
  • European Commission (2012). The Multifunctionality of Green Infrastructure. Available:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/Green_Infrastructure.pdf.
  • European Commission (2013a). Green Infrastructure (GI) – Enhancing Europe’s Natural Capital https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/5d99a07a-d2bc-42ab9f5776163d73b2f7/4-NWRM-d-Fritz-MF-GIWGPoM-131113.pdf.
  • European Commission. (2013b). Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/green_Infrastructure_broc.pdf
  • Flynn, K. M., Traver, R.G. (2013). Green Infrastructure Life Cycle Assessment: A Bio-Infiltration Case Study. Ecological Engineering, 55, 9–22.
  • Foster, J., Lowe, A., Winkelman, S. (2011). The Value of Green Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation. Center for Clean Air Policy, 750.
  • Foster, J., Lowe, A., Winkelman, S. (2011). The value of green infrastructure for urban climate adaptation. Center for Clean Air Policy, 750, 1-52.
  • Güneş, M., Şahin, Ş. (2015). Yeşil Altyapı Ve Kent Kimliği İlişkisi: Ankara Kent Merkezi Örneği. I.Ulusal Ankara Üniversitesi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Kongresi, 15-17 Ekim 2015 Ankara.
  • Heilig, G. K. (2012). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section.
  • Jabareen, Y. R. (2006). Sustainable urban forms : Their typologies, models, and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26, 38. Sage Publication, London, England.
  • Kuzulugil A. (2017). Sulak alanların sınırsal değişiminin kent iklimine etkisi Erzurum sulak alanı örneği Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzurum, 111s
  • Liao, K. H., Deng, S., Tan, P. Y. (2017). Blue-green infrastructure: new frontier for sustainable urban stormwater management. In Greening Cities. Springer, Singapore, 203-226 pages.
  • Lovell, S. T., Taylor, J. R. (2013). Supplying Urban Ecosystem Services Through Multifunctional Green Infrastructure in the United States. Landscape Ecology, 28, 1447–1463.
  • Lucas, W. C., Sample, D. J. (2015). Reducing Combined Sewer Overflows by Using Outlet Controls for Green Stormwater Infrastructure: Case Study in Richmond, Virginia. Journal of Hydrology, 520, 473–488 pages.
  • Özdemir, Z., Özekicioğlu, A. G. H. (2006). Kentleşme Ve Çevre Sorunları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 17-30.
  • Özer, S., (2017). Erzurum ilindeki korunan alanların mevcut durum analizi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi , 6 (1) , 17-22 .
  • Özeren, M. (2012). Yeşil Altyapı Sistemi Kapsamında Meles Deltası ve Çevresinin Kurgulanması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi. Fen Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Ana Bilim Dalı, İzmir.
  • Pataki, D. E., Carreiro, M. M., Cherrier, J., Grulke, N. E., Jennings, V., Pincetl, S., Pouyat, R. V., Whitlow, T. H., Zipperer, W. C. (2011). Coupling Biogeochemical Cycles in Urban Environments: Ecosystem Services, Green Solutions, and Misconceptions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9, 27–36.
  • Pugh, T. A., Mackenzie, American Rivers (AR), Whyatt, J. D., Hewitt, C. N. (2012). Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure for Improvement of Air Quality in Urban Street Canyons. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 7692–7699.
  • Santamouris, M. (2014). Cooling the Cities – A Review of Reflective and Green Roof Mitigation Technologies to Fight Heat Island and Improve Comfort in Urban Environments. Solar Energy, 103, 682–703.
  • Santamouris, M. (2014). Cooling the Cities – A Review of Reflective and Green Roof Mitigation Technologies to Fight Heat Island and Improve Comfort in Urban Environments. Solar Energy, 103, 682–703.
  • Schilling, J., Logan, J. (2008). Greening the Rust Belt: A Green Infrastructure Model for Right Sizing America’s Shrinking Cities. Journal of the American Planning Association, 74, 451–466.
  • Skár, M., Krogh, E. (2009). Changes in children’s nature-based experiences near home: From spontaneous play to adult-controlled, planned and organised activities. Children’s Geographies, 7(3), 339–354.
  • Svendsen, E., Northridge, M. E., Metcalf, S. S. (2012). Integrating grey and green infrastructure to improve the health and well-being of urban populations. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 5(1), 3.
  • Turner, W. R., Nakamura, T., Dinetti, M. (2004). Global urbanization and the separation of humans from nature. Bioscience, 54(6), 585–590.
  • U.S. EPA. (2010). Green Infrastructure in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates. https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/arid_climates_casestudy.pdf.
  • U.S. EPA. (2015). Green Infrastructure: Opportunities that Arise During Municipal Operations.https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/green_Infrastructure_roadshow.pdf.
  • U.S. EPA. (2016). Green Infrastructure for Climate Resiliency. Available: https://www.epa.gov/green-Infrastructure/green-Infrastructure-climateresiliency.
  • URL-1 (2018). TÜRK DİL KURUMU, http://www.tdk.gov.tr (09.10.2018).
  • URL-2 (2018). https://i.pinimg.com/736x/1f/f9/f7/1ff9f7212c58691f1177e2d32f76305a--urban-design-plan-urban-design-diagram.jpg (09.10.2018).
  • URL-3 (2019). ERZURUM VALİLİĞİ, http://www.erzurum.gov.tr (4.02.2019)
  • URL-4 (2019). https://biodiversity.europa.eu/topics/green-infrastructure/clipboard02.bmp (5.02.2019)
  • URL-5 (2019). World Meteorological Organization and Global Water Partnership. 2008. Urban Flood Risk Management. https://library.wmo.int/pmb_ged/ifmts_6.pdf. (3.02.2019)
  • URL-6 (2018). Melbourne Water. 2016. Water Sensitive Urban Design Guidelines. https://www.melbournewater.com.au/sites/default/files/South-Eastern-councils- -guidelines.pdf (09.10.2018).
  • URL-7 (2018). Scottish Natural Heritage. 2014. Urban Green Infrastructure Benefits Factsheets. Available:https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2017-06/A1413427%20 %20Urban%20Green%20Infrastructure%20benefits%20factsheet%20table%20-%20Sept%202014.pdf. (08.10.2018).
  • URL-8 (2018). Manchester City Council. 2015. Manchester Green and Blue Infrastructure Strategy. http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/200024/consultations_and_surveys/6905/green_and_blue_infrastructure_consultation. (05.10.2018).
  • URL-9 (2018). UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. 2013. Urban Green Infrastructure. http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/POST-PN-448. (04.10.2018).
  • URL-10 (2018). Devon County Council. 2016. Guiding Principle 9: Generating Income and Attracting Investment. https://new.devon.gov.uk/greeninfrastructure/strategy/principles-and-strategic-priorities-for-devon/d9generating-income-and-attracting-investment. (05.10.2018).
  • URL-11 (2018). Forest Research. 2010. Benefits of Green Infrastructure. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/fr/infd-8a9a2w. (07.10.2018).
  • URL-12 (2018). City of Chicago. 2014. City of Chicago Green Stormwater Infrastructure Strategy. https://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/progs/env/ChicagoGreenStormwaterInfrastructureStrategy.pdf
  • URL-13 (1999). Resmi Gazete. 1999 tarih 23804 Sayılı İmar Yönetmeliği, Ankara.
  • Wagner, I., Krauze, K., Zalewski, M. (2013). Blue aspects of green infrastructure. Sustainable Development Applications, 4, 145-155.
  • Wise, S. (2008). Green Infrastructure Rising. Planning, 74, 14–19.
  • Yıldız, N. D., Aytatlı B., Kuzulugil A., Avcı E. (2019). Determination of Qualification of Green Areas in Erzurum City, 1st World Conference on Sustaınable Lıfe Scıences Wocols 2019, Abstract Book 30th June-07th July 2019 Budapest, HUNGARY
  • Yılmaz H., Irmak MA, (2012). Yerleşke planlamasında Bitkisel Tasarım İlkeleri; Atatürk Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi Örneği. Atatürk Üniv. Yayın No:1011, Erzurum, Türkiye. 192s.
  • Young, R. F. (2011). Planting the Living City. Ibid. 77, 368–381.
  • Yumrutaş, H. İ. (2014). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Tabanlı Kentsel Altyapı Yönetim Sistemi (KAYSİS) Yazılımı Tasarımı. El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 1(2), 38-46.

Mavi-Yeşil Altyapı Kapsamında Erzurum Kent Merkezinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 409 - 421, 15.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.696955

Öz

Kentleşme gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. İnsanların yaklaşık üçte ikisi kentlerde yaşamaktadır. Kentleşmenin artması, kentsel alanlarda hem doğal hem de kültürel peyzaj kaynaklarına büyük baskılar oluşturmaktadır. Bu sorunların çözülmesi için mavi -yeşil altyapı kapsamında yapılacak doğru ve etkili planlamalar, küresel baskıları azaltamayı sağlayacaktır. Mavi-yeşil alt yapı çok yönlü olması ve bağlantılığı sağlamasıyla bu hedefin başarılmasında etkindir.
Çalışmada, mavi- yeşil altyapı sistemleri hakkında dünya ve Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Erzurum’daki Mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenleri değerlendirilmiştir. Kişi başına düşen mevcut aktif yeşil alanların (86,43 ha) 2,28 m² olduğu kentte mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenlerinden, kentsel yeşil alanların yetersiz olduğu sayısal olarak görülmektedir. Ayrıca Erzurum kentinde diğer bileşenlerin de yetersizliği belirlenmiştir. Bu sebeple mavi-yeşil altyapı bileşenlerini artırmaya yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Aksu, A., Yılmaz, H. (2018). Atatürk Üniversitesi merkezi açık-yeşil alandaki fiziki değişim memnuniyetinin belirlenmesi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 231-237.
  • American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), American Rivers (AR), The Water Environment Federation (WEF), and Econorthwest. (2012). Banking on Green: A Look at How Green Infrastructure Can Save Municipalities Money and Provide Economic Benefits Community-Wide. https://www.asla.org/uploadedFiles/CMS/Government_Affairs/Federal_Government_Affairs/BankingonGreenHighRes.pdf.
  • Andersson, E., Barthel, S., Borgström, S., Colding, J., Elmqvist, T., Folke, C., Gren, Å. (2014). Reconnecting Cities to the Biosphere: Stewardship of Green Infrastructure and Urban Ecosystem Services. AMBIO, 43, 445–453.
  • Benedict, M. A., Mcmahon, E. T. (2012). Green Infrastructure: Linking Landscapes and Communities. Island Press.
  • Benedict, M., McMahon, E. T. (2002). Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century. 1st quote on, 6.
  • Brears, R. C. (2018). Blue and Green Cities: The Role of Blue-Green Infrastructure in Managing Urban Water Resources. Springer.
  • Brown, R. D., Vanos, J., Kenny, N., Lenzholzer, S. (2015). Designing Urban Parks that Ameliorate the Effects of Climate Change. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138, 118–131. Cameron, R. W., Blanuoa, T., Taylor, J. E., Salisbury, A., Halstead, A. J., Henricot, B., Thompson, K. (2012). The Domestic Garden – Its Contribution to Urban Green Infrastructure. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11, 129–137.
  • Carter, T., Fowler, L. (2008). Establishing Green Roof Infrastructure Through Environmental Policy Instruments. Environmental Management, 42, 151–164.
  • CNT (2010). The Value of Green Infrastructure: A Guide to Recognizing Its Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits. Available: http://www.cnt.org/sites/default/files/publications/CNT_Value-of-Green-Infrastructure.pdf.
  • Çağırankaya, S., Meriç, B. T. (2013). Türkiye’nin Önemli Sulak Alanları: Ramsar Alanlarımız. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Doga Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü, Hassas Alanlar Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara, Türkiye, 97-107.
  • Çetinkaya, Z ., Ciravoğlu, A . (2016). Sürdürülebilir Yerleşim Modellerinin Karşılaştırılması: Eko-Kent ve Yavaş Kent. İdealkent, 7 (18), 246-267.
  • Driscoll, C. T., Eger, C. G., Chandler, D. G., Davidson, C. I., Roodsari, B. K., Flynn, C. D., ...., Groffman, P. M. (2015). Green Infrastructure: Lessons from Science and Practice, a publication of the Science Policy Exchange.
  • Dunn, A. D. (2010). Siting Green Infrastructure: Legal and Policy Solutions to Alleviate Urban Poverty and Promote Healthy Communities. Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 37.
  • European Commission (2012). The Multifunctionality of Green Infrastructure. Available:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/Green_Infrastructure.pdf.
  • European Commission (2013a). Green Infrastructure (GI) – Enhancing Europe’s Natural Capital https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/5d99a07a-d2bc-42ab9f5776163d73b2f7/4-NWRM-d-Fritz-MF-GIWGPoM-131113.pdf.
  • European Commission. (2013b). Building a Green Infrastructure for Europe. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/docs/green_Infrastructure_broc.pdf
  • Flynn, K. M., Traver, R.G. (2013). Green Infrastructure Life Cycle Assessment: A Bio-Infiltration Case Study. Ecological Engineering, 55, 9–22.
  • Foster, J., Lowe, A., Winkelman, S. (2011). The Value of Green Infrastructure for Urban Climate Adaptation. Center for Clean Air Policy, 750.
  • Foster, J., Lowe, A., Winkelman, S. (2011). The value of green infrastructure for urban climate adaptation. Center for Clean Air Policy, 750, 1-52.
  • Güneş, M., Şahin, Ş. (2015). Yeşil Altyapı Ve Kent Kimliği İlişkisi: Ankara Kent Merkezi Örneği. I.Ulusal Ankara Üniversitesi Peyzaj Mimarlığı Kongresi, 15-17 Ekim 2015 Ankara.
  • Heilig, G. K. (2012). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Population Division, Population Estimates and Projections Section.
  • Jabareen, Y. R. (2006). Sustainable urban forms : Their typologies, models, and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26, 38. Sage Publication, London, England.
  • Kuzulugil A. (2017). Sulak alanların sınırsal değişiminin kent iklimine etkisi Erzurum sulak alanı örneği Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Erzurum, 111s
  • Liao, K. H., Deng, S., Tan, P. Y. (2017). Blue-green infrastructure: new frontier for sustainable urban stormwater management. In Greening Cities. Springer, Singapore, 203-226 pages.
  • Lovell, S. T., Taylor, J. R. (2013). Supplying Urban Ecosystem Services Through Multifunctional Green Infrastructure in the United States. Landscape Ecology, 28, 1447–1463.
  • Lucas, W. C., Sample, D. J. (2015). Reducing Combined Sewer Overflows by Using Outlet Controls for Green Stormwater Infrastructure: Case Study in Richmond, Virginia. Journal of Hydrology, 520, 473–488 pages.
  • Özdemir, Z., Özekicioğlu, A. G. H. (2006). Kentleşme Ve Çevre Sorunları. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 17-30.
  • Özer, S., (2017). Erzurum ilindeki korunan alanların mevcut durum analizi. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi , 6 (1) , 17-22 .
  • Özeren, M. (2012). Yeşil Altyapı Sistemi Kapsamında Meles Deltası ve Çevresinin Kurgulanması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi. Fen Bilimleri Üniversitesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Ana Bilim Dalı, İzmir.
  • Pataki, D. E., Carreiro, M. M., Cherrier, J., Grulke, N. E., Jennings, V., Pincetl, S., Pouyat, R. V., Whitlow, T. H., Zipperer, W. C. (2011). Coupling Biogeochemical Cycles in Urban Environments: Ecosystem Services, Green Solutions, and Misconceptions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 9, 27–36.
  • Pugh, T. A., Mackenzie, American Rivers (AR), Whyatt, J. D., Hewitt, C. N. (2012). Effectiveness of Green Infrastructure for Improvement of Air Quality in Urban Street Canyons. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 7692–7699.
  • Santamouris, M. (2014). Cooling the Cities – A Review of Reflective and Green Roof Mitigation Technologies to Fight Heat Island and Improve Comfort in Urban Environments. Solar Energy, 103, 682–703.
  • Santamouris, M. (2014). Cooling the Cities – A Review of Reflective and Green Roof Mitigation Technologies to Fight Heat Island and Improve Comfort in Urban Environments. Solar Energy, 103, 682–703.
  • Schilling, J., Logan, J. (2008). Greening the Rust Belt: A Green Infrastructure Model for Right Sizing America’s Shrinking Cities. Journal of the American Planning Association, 74, 451–466.
  • Skár, M., Krogh, E. (2009). Changes in children’s nature-based experiences near home: From spontaneous play to adult-controlled, planned and organised activities. Children’s Geographies, 7(3), 339–354.
  • Svendsen, E., Northridge, M. E., Metcalf, S. S. (2012). Integrating grey and green infrastructure to improve the health and well-being of urban populations. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 5(1), 3.
  • Turner, W. R., Nakamura, T., Dinetti, M. (2004). Global urbanization and the separation of humans from nature. Bioscience, 54(6), 585–590.
  • U.S. EPA. (2010). Green Infrastructure in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates. https://www3.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/arid_climates_casestudy.pdf.
  • U.S. EPA. (2015). Green Infrastructure: Opportunities that Arise During Municipal Operations.https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/green_Infrastructure_roadshow.pdf.
  • U.S. EPA. (2016). Green Infrastructure for Climate Resiliency. Available: https://www.epa.gov/green-Infrastructure/green-Infrastructure-climateresiliency.
  • URL-1 (2018). TÜRK DİL KURUMU, http://www.tdk.gov.tr (09.10.2018).
  • URL-2 (2018). https://i.pinimg.com/736x/1f/f9/f7/1ff9f7212c58691f1177e2d32f76305a--urban-design-plan-urban-design-diagram.jpg (09.10.2018).
  • URL-3 (2019). ERZURUM VALİLİĞİ, http://www.erzurum.gov.tr (4.02.2019)
  • URL-4 (2019). https://biodiversity.europa.eu/topics/green-infrastructure/clipboard02.bmp (5.02.2019)
  • URL-5 (2019). World Meteorological Organization and Global Water Partnership. 2008. Urban Flood Risk Management. https://library.wmo.int/pmb_ged/ifmts_6.pdf. (3.02.2019)
  • URL-6 (2018). Melbourne Water. 2016. Water Sensitive Urban Design Guidelines. https://www.melbournewater.com.au/sites/default/files/South-Eastern-councils- -guidelines.pdf (09.10.2018).
  • URL-7 (2018). Scottish Natural Heritage. 2014. Urban Green Infrastructure Benefits Factsheets. Available:https://www.nature.scot/sites/default/files/2017-06/A1413427%20 %20Urban%20Green%20Infrastructure%20benefits%20factsheet%20table%20-%20Sept%202014.pdf. (08.10.2018).
  • URL-8 (2018). Manchester City Council. 2015. Manchester Green and Blue Infrastructure Strategy. http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/200024/consultations_and_surveys/6905/green_and_blue_infrastructure_consultation. (05.10.2018).
  • URL-9 (2018). UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. 2013. Urban Green Infrastructure. http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/POST-PN-448. (04.10.2018).
  • URL-10 (2018). Devon County Council. 2016. Guiding Principle 9: Generating Income and Attracting Investment. https://new.devon.gov.uk/greeninfrastructure/strategy/principles-and-strategic-priorities-for-devon/d9generating-income-and-attracting-investment. (05.10.2018).
  • URL-11 (2018). Forest Research. 2010. Benefits of Green Infrastructure. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/fr/infd-8a9a2w. (07.10.2018).
  • URL-12 (2018). City of Chicago. 2014. City of Chicago Green Stormwater Infrastructure Strategy. https://www.cityofchicago.org/content/dam/city/progs/env/ChicagoGreenStormwaterInfrastructureStrategy.pdf
  • URL-13 (1999). Resmi Gazete. 1999 tarih 23804 Sayılı İmar Yönetmeliği, Ankara.
  • Wagner, I., Krauze, K., Zalewski, M. (2013). Blue aspects of green infrastructure. Sustainable Development Applications, 4, 145-155.
  • Wise, S. (2008). Green Infrastructure Rising. Planning, 74, 14–19.
  • Yıldız, N. D., Aytatlı B., Kuzulugil A., Avcı E. (2019). Determination of Qualification of Green Areas in Erzurum City, 1st World Conference on Sustaınable Lıfe Scıences Wocols 2019, Abstract Book 30th June-07th July 2019 Budapest, HUNGARY
  • Yılmaz H., Irmak MA, (2012). Yerleşke planlamasında Bitkisel Tasarım İlkeleri; Atatürk Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi Örneği. Atatürk Üniv. Yayın No:1011, Erzurum, Türkiye. 192s.
  • Young, R. F. (2011). Planting the Living City. Ibid. 77, 368–381.
  • Yumrutaş, H. İ. (2014). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Tabanlı Kentsel Altyapı Yönetim Sistemi (KAYSİS) Yazılımı Tasarımı. El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 1(2), 38-46.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevresel Olarak Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik
Bölüm Sustainable Design, Landscape Planning and Architecture
Yazarlar

Neslihan Demircan 0000-0001-5197-6220

Ayşegül Aksu 0000-0002-6720-0256

Ali Can Kuzulugil 0000-0003-2288-6749

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Demircan, N., Aksu, A., & Kuzulugil, A. C. (2020). Mavi-Yeşil Altyapı Kapsamında Erzurum Kent Merkezinin Değerlendirilmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 409-421. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.696955


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