Hydrologic Assessment of Trabzon (NE Turkey) River Basins through the Morphometric Analysis Using Geographic Information System

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 244 - 253, 15.04.2021

Ümit Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.894180

Cited By: 1

Öz

In this study, morphometric analyzes of water catchment basins of 10 different rivers (Ağasar, Fol, Galanima, Değirmendere, Yomra, Yanbolu, Karadere, Küçükdere, Manahoz and Solaklı rivers), which are located in the Eastern Black Sea Region and flows into the Black Sea within the Trabzon city, were done due to investigate the aspect of hydrology. Morphometric parameters related to hydrological processes (drainage density, stream frequency, drainage texture, length of the overland flow, form factor and elongation ratio) were used in the analysis. As the basic parameters for derivation of these parameters; basin area, basin perimeter length, basin length, stream order, stream number and total stream length parameters were used. As a result of the morphometric analysis, it was determined that Değirmendere, Karadere and Solaklı basins are more sensitive to flooding and flashflood, the surface permeability is very low in the Fol and Ağasar basins, and the soil erosion and sediment transport is quite high in the Yanbolu basin.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trabzon, river basin, morphometric analysis, geographic information system

Trabzon (KD Türkiye) Akarsu Havzalarının Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Kullanılarak Morfometrik Analiz Yoluyla Hidrolojik Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde bulunan ve Trabzon ili sınırları içerisinden Karadeniz’e dökülen 10 farklı akarsuyun (Ağasar, Fol, Galanima, Değirmendere, Yomra, Yanbolu, Karadere, Küçükdere, Manahoz ve Solaklı dereleri) su toplama havzalarının hidrolojik açıdan incelenmesi amacıyla Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi kullanılarak morfometrik analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizlerin yapılmasında hidrolojik süreçler ile ilgili olan morfometrik parametreler (drenaj yoğunluğu, akarsu sıklığı, drenaj dokusu, yüzeysel akış uzunluğu, şekil faktörü ve uzama oranı) kullanılmıştır. Bu parametrelerin türetilmesi için temel parametreler olarak; havza alanı, havza çevresi uzunluğu, havza uzunluğu, akış dizilimi, akış numarası ve toplam akış uzunluğu parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan morfometrik analizler sonucunda, çalışma alanında bulunan akarsu havzalarından Değirmendere, Karadere ve Solaklı havzalarının sel ve taşkın açısından daha hassas, Fol ve Ağasar havzalarında yüzey geçirimliliğinin çok düşük, Yanbolu havzasında ise toprak aşınımı ve taşınmasının oldukça yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trabzon, akarsu havzası, morfometrik analiz, coğrafi bilgi sistemi

Kaynakça

• Abboud, I. A., Nofal, R. A. (2017). Morphometric analysis of wadi Khumal basin, western coast of Saudi Arabia, using remote sensing and GIS techniques, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 126, 58-74.
• Akkaş, M. (1990). Trabzon İklim Etüdü, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 107 s.
• Altaf, F., Meraj, G., Romshoo, S. A. (2013). Morphometric analysis to infer hydrological behavior of Lidder Watershed, Western Himalaya, India, Geography Journal, 2013.
• Aparna, P., Nigee, K., Shimna, P., Drissia, T. K. (2015). Quantitative analysis of geomorphology and flow pattern analysis of Muvattupuzha River Basin using Geographic Information System, Aquatic Procedia, 4, 609-616.
• Avcı, V., Sunkar, M. (2018). Bulancak’ta (Giresun) sel ve taşkın olaylarına neden olan Pazarsuyu, İncüvez, Kara ve Bulancak derelerinin morfometrik analizleri, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 28 (2), 15-41.
• Aydın, F., Karsli, O., Chen, B. (2008). Petrogenesis of the Neogene alkaline volcanics with implications for post-collisional lithospheric thinning of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Lithos, 104, 249-266.
• Carlston, C. W. (1966). The effect of climate on drainage density and streamflow, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 11 (3), 62-69.
• Chakrabortty, R., Ghosh, S., Pal Subodh, C., Das, B., Malik, S. (2018). Morphometric analysis for hydrological assessment using Remote Sensing and GIS technique: A case study of Dwarkeswar River Basin of Bankura District, West Bengal, Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 8 (4), 113-142.
• Elbaşı, E., Özdemir, H. (2018). Marmara denizi akarsu havzalarının morfometrik analizi, Coğrafya Dergisi, 36, 63-84.
• Ehsani, A. H., Quiel, F. (2008). Geomorphometric feature analysis using morphometric parameterization and artificial neural networks, Geomorphology, 99 (1), 1-12.
• Görür, A. E., Karadeniz, C. (2018). Morfometrik parametrelerin havza hidrolojisi bakımından değerlendirilmesi, Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 19 (4), 447-454.
• Harsha, J., Ravikumar, A. S., Shivakumar, B. L. (2020). Evaluation of morphometric parameters and hypsometric curve of Arkavathy river basin using RS and GIS techniques, Applied Water Science, 10, 86. Horton, R. E. (1932). Drainage basin characteristics, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 13, 350-361.
• Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 56 (3), 275-370.
• Iqbal, M., Sajjad, H., Bhat, F. A. (2013). Morphometric analysis of Shaliganga Sub Catchment, Kashmir Valley, India using Geographical Information System, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 4 (1).
• İmamoğlu, A. (2020). Alaca Çayı Havzası erozyon durumunun morfometrik ölçümler ile ilişkisi, Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 18, 868-878.
• Joji, V. S., Nair, A. S. K., Baiju, K. V. (2013). Drainage basin delineation and quantitative analysis of Panamaram Watershed of Kabani River Basin, Kerala using remote sensing and GIS, Journal Geological Society of India, 82.
• Kabite, G., Gessesse, B. (2018). Hydro-geomorphological characterization of Dhidhessa River Basin, Ethiopia, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6, 175-183.
• Magesh, N. S., Chandrasekar, N. (2014). GIS model-based morphometric evaluation of Tamiraparani sub-basin, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Arab J Geosci, 7, 131-141.
• Mahala, A. (2020). The signifcance of morphometric analysis to understand the hydrological and morphological characteristics in two diferent morpho‑climatic settings, Applied Water Science, 10, 33.
• Mangan, P., Haq, M. A., Baral, P. (2019). Morphometric analysis of watershed using remote sensing and GIS—a case study of Nanganji River Basin in Tamil Nadu, India, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12, 202.
• MGM (2021). https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=TRABZON, T. C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Meteroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, (05.01.2021).
• Mosaad, S. (2017). Geomorphologic and geologic overview for water resources development: Kharit basin, Eastern Desert, Egypt, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 134, 56-72.
• MTA (Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü) (2002). 1: 500.000 Ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası, Trabzon paftası, Jeolojik Araştırma Dairesi, MTA, Ankara.
• Nageswara, R. K. (2020). Analysis of surface runoff potential in ungauged basin using basin parameters and SCS-CN method, Applied Water Science, 10, 47.
• Özhan, S. (2004). Havza Amenajmanı. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Havza Amenajmanı Anabilim Dalı, İ.Ü. Rektörlük Yayın No: 4510, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 481, İstanbul, 384 s.
• Pophare, A. M., Balpande, U. S. (2014). Morphometric analysis of Suketi river basin, Himachal Himalaya, India, Journal of Earth System Science, 123 (7), 1501-1515.
• Rai, P.K., Mishra, V. N., Mohan, K. (2017). A study of morphometric evaluation of the Son basin, India using geospatial approach, Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 7, 9-20.
• Rai, P. K., Chandel, R. S., Mishra, V. N, Singh, P. (2018) Hydrological inferences through morphometric analysis of lower Kosi river basin of India for water resource management based on remote sensing data. Applied Water Science, 8, 15.
• Reddy, G. P. O., Maji, A. K., Gajbhiye, K. S. (2004). Drainage morphometry and its influence on landform characteristics in a basaltic terrain, Central India - A remote sensing and GIS approach. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 6, 1-16.
• Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Escobar, L. A. (1982). The dependence of drainage density on climate and geomorphology, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 27 (2), 129-137.
• Schumm, S. A. (1956). Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey, Geological Society of America Bulletin, 67, 597-646.
• Singh, S., Singh, M. C. (1997). Morphometric analysis of Kanhar river basin. Natl Geogr J India, 43 (1), 31-43.
• Singh, S. (1998). Geomorphology. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, 613 s.
• Smith, K. G. (1950). Standards for Grading Textures of Erosional Topography. American Journal of Science, 248, 655-668.
• Sreedevi, P. D., Subrahmanyam, K., Ahmed, S. (2004). The significance of morphometric analysis for obtaining groundwater potential zones in a structurally controlled terrain, Environmental Geology, 47, 412-420.
• Strahler, A. N. (1964). Quantative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. In Handbook of applied hydrology Ed. Chow, V. T., McGraw Hill, New York, s. 439-476.
• SYGM (T.C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü) (2016). İklim Değişikliğinin Su Kaynaklarına Etkisi Projesi, Proje Nihai Raporu, 135 s.
• Taha, M. M. N., Elbarbary, S. M., Naguib, D. M. El-Shamy, I. Z. (2017). Flash flood hazard zonation based on basin morphometry using remote sensing and GIS techniques: A case study of Wadi Qena basin, Eastern Desert, Egypt, Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 8, 157-167.
• Waikar, M. L., Nilawar, A. P. (2014). Morphometric analysis of a drainage basin using Geographical Information System: A case study, International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research, 2.
• Yıldırım, Ü., Güler, C., Önol, B., Rode, M., Jomaa, S., (2021). Modelling of the Discharge Response to Climate Change under RCP8.5 Scenario in the Alata River Basin (Mersin, SE Turkey), Water, 13, 483.