Katı Atık Düzenli Depolama Tesislerinin Planlanma Sürecinde Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci İle Yer Seçimi: Denizli Kenti Örneği, Türkiye

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 493 - 509, 16.08.2021

Cennet Tekin Cüre , Murat Zengin , Fırat Cağlar Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.903639

Cited By: 1

Öz

Nüfusun ve kentleşmenin giderek artmasıyla birlikte atık yönetimi kentler için önemli bir konu başlığı haline gelmiştir. Atıkların çevre ve insan sağlığı açısından sorun oluşturmaması için uygun bir şekilde bertaraf edilmeleri gerekmektedir. Atıkların bertaraf edilmesinde farklı yöntemlerden faydalanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler arasında yer alan düzenli depolama, güvenli ve ekonomik olması nedeniyle yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerden birisidir. Bu yöntemin uygulanmasında uygun yer seçimi, depolama alanının inşasından işletilmesine kadar tüm süreci etkileyen önemli bir unsurdur. Bu kapsamda çalışmada katı atık depolama alanı yer seçim kriterleri dikkate alınarak Denizli kenti için en uygun katı atık düzenli depolama alanlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. KAAD alanı yer seçim kriterlerini belirlemek amacıyla ilgili yasal mevzuat, konuyla ilgili yapılmış çalışmalar ve çalışma alanının mevcut durumu gözetilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, yerleşim alanları, ulaşım hatları, korunan alanlar, eğim, bakı, su yüzeyleri, kayaç yapısı, fay, hidrolojik toprak grupları, arazi kullanım kabiliyet sınıfları, arazi örtüsü yer seçim kriterleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) mekânsal analizlerde, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHS) ise yer seçim kriterlerinin ağırlıklandırılmasında kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen uygunluk haritasına göre toplam 1.109.742,16 ha. alanın 19.536,40 ha (%1,76)’ı düzenli depolama alanları için “en uygun”, 260.520,26 ha. (%23,48)’ı ise “uygun” alanlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Denizli kentinin 2040 yılı projeksiyonları doğrultusundaki gereksinimler göz önüne alınarak “en uygun” tespit edilen alanlar üzerinde düzenli depolama tesisi inşası için ideal alan tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Katı atık, düzenli depolama, atık yönetimi, analitik hiyerarşi süreci, coğrafi bilgi sistemleri

Site Selection Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process in the Planning Process for Solid Waste Sanitary Landfills: The Case of Denizli City, Turkey

Öz

Waste management has grown into a significant matter for cities in line with the population growth and increased urbanization. Waste must be properly disposed to avoid causing a problem for environmental and human health. A variety of methods are used to dispose waste. Sanitary landfill, which is among these methods, is one of the common methods used for its safety and affordability. In the implementation of this method, a suitable site selection is a major factor that affects the whole process ranging from the construction to the operation of a sanitary landfill. It is aimed to determine the most suitable solid waste sanitary landfills (SWSL) for the city of Denizli in consideration of site selection criteria regarding solid waste landfills. The relevant legislation, academic studies and the current situation of the study area were taken into consideration to determine site selection criteria for SWSL. In this context, residential areas, primary traffic roads, protected areas, slope, aspect, water surfaces, rock structure, fault line, hydrologic soil groups, land use capability classification and land cover were determined as a site selection criteria. In the study, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used in spatial analysis, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, was used in weighting the site selection criteria. According to the suitability map which is generated as a result of the study, 19.536,40 hectares (1.76%) of 1.109.742,16 hectares of the area was determined to be the "most suitable" for sanitary landfill while 260.520,26 hectares (23.48%) of it was determined to be "suitable". An ideal area was determined for the construction of a sanitary landfill on the areas determined as the “most suitable" in consideration of the requirements of the city of Denizli based on the projections for the year 2040.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Solid waste sanitary landfill, waste management, analytic hierarchy process, geographical information systems

Kaynakça

• Ali, S. A., Parvin, F., Al-Ansari, N., Pham, Q. B., Ahmad, A., Raj, M. S., Anh, D. T. (2021). Sanitary landfill site selection by integrating AHP and FTOPSIS with GIS: a case study of Memari Municipality, India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(6), 7528-7550.
• BMM – Bursa Metropolitan Municipality. (2015). Bursa Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan. https://www.bursa.bel.tr/dosyalar//atik_rapor2.pdf . Accessed 14 May 2020 (in Turkish)
• Chabuk, A., Al-Ansari, N., Hussain, HM., Knutsson, S., Pusch, R. (2016). Landfill site selection using geographic information system and analytical hierarchy process: A case study Al-Hillah Qadhaa, Babylon, Iraq. Waste Management & Research 34(5):427-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X16633778
• CLC - Corine Land Cover. (2019). https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover. Accessed 04 April 2019
• Cora, P. (2014). Selection Of Solid Waste Storage Area In Istanbul Anatolian Side Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Master thesis, University of Bahçeşehir, İstanbul, Turkey (in Turkish)
• Deniz, M. and Topuz M. (2018). Alternative Landfill Site Selection in Uşak District by Using Multi-Criteria Decisionmaking Analysis Supported by Geographical Information Systems (GIS) With Analytic Hierarchy Process. Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7(5):544-578. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i5.1830 (in Turkish)
• DMM - Denizli Metropolitan Municipality. (2019). http://www.denizli.bel.tr/Default.aspx?k=haber-detay&id=18618. Accessed 15 March 2019 (in Turkish)
• Eskandari, M., Homaee, M., Mahmodi, S. (2012). An integrated multi criteria approach for landfill siting in a conflicting environmental, economical and socio-cultural area. Waste Management 32(8):1528-1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.03.014
• GDMRE - General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. (2019).
• GDRS - General Directorate of Rural Services. (1999). Denizli Province Land Potential Map. Turkish Republic Prime Ministry General Directorate of Rural Services Publications, Ankara.
• GEPA - Guam Environmental Protection Agency. (2004). Preliminary Landfill Site Suitability Report. Guam Environmental Protection Agency in association with Department of Public Works. https://guamepa.govguam.net/ordot/landfill_pssr_final.pdf. Accessed 27 June 2020
• Güler, D. (2016). Alternative Landfill Site Selection Using Analytic Hierarchy Process And Geographic Information Systems: A Case Study İstanbul. Master thesis, İstanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey (in Turkish)
• Jamshidi, A., Jahandizi, EK., Moshtaghie, M., Monavari, S.M., Tajziehchi, S., Hashemi, A., Jamshidi, M., Allahgholi, L. (2015). Landfill Site Selection: a Basis Toward Achieving Sustainable Waste Management. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 24(3). https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/28641
• Karakuş, C. B., Demiroğlu, D., Çoban, A., Ulutaş, A. (2020). Evaluation of GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making methods for sanitary landfill site selection: the case of Sivas city, Turkey. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 22(1), 254-272.
• Karimi, H., Amiri, S., Huang, J., Karimi, A. (2019). Integrating GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis for landfill site selection, case study: Javanrood County in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(11), 7305-7318.
• Khorsandi, H., Faramarzi, A., Aghapour, A. A., Jafari, S. J. (2019). Landfill site selection via integrating multi-criteria decision techniques with geographic information systems: a case study in Naqadeh, Iran. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 191(12), 1-16.
• Kontos, TD., Komilis, DP., Halvadakis, CP. (2005). Siting MSW landfills with a spatial multiple criteria analysis methodology. Waste management 25(8):818-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.04.002
• Küçükönder, M. and Karabulut, M. (2007). Landfill site selection in Kahramanmaras using multiple criteria analyses. Journal of Geographical Sciences 5(2):55-76 (in Turkish)
• Lunkapis, GJ., Ahmad, N., Shariff, ARM., Mansor, S., Mispan, RM. (2004). GIS as decision support tool for landfills siting. In Map Asia Conference 1-11
• MAF – Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (2019). Denizli Province Protected Areas Natural Tourism Master Plan 2020-2023. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. https://bolge5.tarimorman.gov.tr/Documents/Denizli%20MASTER%20PLAN%202020-2023.pdf. Accessed 20 July 2020 (in Turkish)
• MCT – Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2020). https://kvmgm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-44394/dunya-miras-listesinde-turkiye.html. Accessed 05 June 2020 (in Turkish)
• MEU - Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. (2014). Sanitary Landfill Site Management and OperationGuide.https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/destek/editordosya/Duzenli_Depolama_Tesis_Saha_Yon_ve_isletme_kilavuzu.pdf. Accessed 20 June 2020 (in Turkish)
• MEU - Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. (2017). https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/denizli/menu/cevre-yonetimi_20180201024445.pdf. Accessed 25 January 2019 (in Turkish)
• MEU - Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. (2019). Aydın-Muğla-Denizli Environmental Plan https://mpgm.csb.gov.tr/aydin---mugla---denizli-planlama-bolgesi-i-82184. Accessed 06 May 2019 (in Turkish)
• OG - Official Gazette. (2010). Regulation on the Landfill of Wastes. Official Gazette Number: 27533. Accessed 05 May 2019 (in Turkish)
• OG - Official Gazette. (2014). Regulation on the Protection of Wetlands. Official Gazette Number: 28962. Accessed 24 June 2020 (in Turkish)
• OG - Official Gazette. (2015). Waste Management Regulation. Official Gazette Number: 29314. Accessed 05 May 2020 (in Turkish)
• OSM - Open Street Map. (2019). http://download.geofabrik.de/. Accessed 04 May 2019
• Özer, Z. (1990). Hydrological and Hydraulic Principles in Projecting Water Structures (Technical guide), Ankara. (in Turkish)
• Öztürk, İ., & Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Forestry General Directorate of Environmental Management. (2010). Development of the National Climate Change Action Plan Project of Turkey, Waste Sector Existing State Assessment Report 2. Draft. Web sitesi: http://www.turkeycomposts.org/dosya/kaynaklar/COB_Atik_Sektoru_Mevcut_Durum_Degerlendirmesi_Raporu_2010.pdf. Accessed 02 August 2020 (in Turkish)
• Pasalari, H., Nodehi, R. N., Mahvi, A. H., Yaghmaeian, K., Charrahi, Z. (2019). Landfill site selection using a hybrid system of AHP-Fuzzy in GIS environment: A case study in Shiraz city, Iran. MethodsX, 6, 1454-1466.
• Saaty, TL. (1983). Priority setting in complex problems. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. EM-30(3):140-155
• Saaty, TL. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operational Research 48(1):9-26 https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I Şener, B. (2004). Landfill Site Selection By Using Geographic Information Systems. Master thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Şener, B., Süzen, M.L., Doyuran, V. (2006). Landfill site selection by using geographic information systems. Environmental geology, 49(3):376-388 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00254-005-0075-2
• Şengün, MT., Siler, M., Engin, F. (2018). Use Of GIS In The Selection Of Solid Waste Warehouse Areas: Sample Of Malatya. Journal of World of Turks 10(1):159-180 (in Turkish) TSI – Türkish Statistical Institute. (2018). http://tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30666. Accessed 11 July 2020 (in Turkish)
• TSMS - Turkish State Meteorological Service. (2015). (in Turkish)
• UMT – Union of Municipalities of Turkey. (2014). Design of Sanitary Landfills, Site Selection and Reclamation of Wild Landfills. Union of Municipalities of Turkey Waste Commission, Ankara (in Turkish)
• USGS - U.S. Geological Survey. (2019). https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/. Accessed 06 April 2019
• Yeşilnacar, M.İ., Çetin, H. (1999). Site Selection for Solid Waste in Şanlıurfa. 2nd National Urban Infrastructure Symposium Adana. http://www.imo.org.tr/resimler/ekutuphane/pdf/11325.pdf (in Turkish)
• Yıldırım, Ü. (2012). Determination Of Alternative Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites For The City Of Mersin Using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System Methods. Master thesis, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey (in Turkish)
• Zengin, M. (2017). An Overview of Some Landscape Values of Denizli City. Perspectives 2017 Denizli File. Edition of Pamukkale University, e ISBN: 978-975-6992-70-8, 13-22 (in Turkish)
• Zurbrügg, C., Drescher, S., Rytz, I., Sinha, A.M.M., Enayetullah, I. (2005). Decentralised composting in Bangladesh, a win-win situation for all stakeholders. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 43(3):281-292 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.06.005