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Annual Litterfall and Carbon and Nutrient Inputs into Ash Tree Stands in Karacabey Forested Wetlands

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 1 - 1
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1435912

Öz

The amount of annual litterfall of tree components (leaves, branch, seed and other) and the amount of carbon and other macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micro (Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Cl, Ni and Co) reaching into the forest floor by litterfall were determined in natural ash tree stands (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) in relation to two different environments (floodplain and terrestrial) and two different development stages (c and d stands) in Bursa Karacabey coastal forested wetlands. The study was conducted to cover the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. According to the findings, the 3-year average litterfall amounts of the flood plain site were 8837 kg/ha/year for the "c" age stands and 6384 kg/ha/year for the "d" age stands, while inn the terrestrial site, these values are lower for “c” and “d” stands as 6793 and 4737 kg/ha/year, respectively. The proportions of foliage in the total litterfall in c and d development stages were 38 and 44% in the floodplain sites respectively, while they were 34 and 42% in the terrestrial sites respectively. The amount of litterfall varied according to stand types, and as the average diameter of the stand increases, the amount of litterfall generally decreases. The annual average amount of carbon and other macro and micronutrients inputs into the ecosystem through the litterfall in the floodplain sites was found to be higher than in the terrestrial sites. For example, the amounts of annual C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S entering the ecosystem by litterfall in the floodplain sites were calculated as 4377; 102; 20; 81; 218; 49 and 41 kg/ha/year respectively, while in the terrestrial sites, they were 3352; 96; 16; 73; 227; 40 and 35 kg/ha/year respectively. The study has revealed that litterfall production and nutrient input into the ash forest ecosystems vary according to floodplain and terrestrial environment and stand development stages. The results in this study are important in terms of providing numerical data useful for understanding and modelling the carbon, nitrogen and other nutrient dynamics of forested wetland ecosystems, which hold significant potential for climate change mitigation owing to their large capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen.

Proje Numarası

121O702

Kaynakça

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  • Akay, A.E., Gencal, B., Taş, İ. (2017). Spatiotemporal change detection using landsat ıimagery: the case study of Karacabey flooded forest, Bursa, Turkey, ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and patial Information Sciences, Volume IV-4/W4,. 4th International GeoAdvances Workshop, 14–15 October, Safranbolu, Karabuk, Turkey.
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  • Bray, J.R., Gorham, E. (1964). Litter production in forests of the world. Advances in Ecological Research, 2: 101–157
  • Camargo M, Giarrizzo T, Jesus A. (2015). Effect of seasonal flooding cycle on litterfall production in alluvialrainforest on the middle Xingu River (Amazon basin, Brazil). Brazilian J Biol. 2015 Aug;75(3 suppl1):2506. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.00514BM
  • Cseh, V., Kiss, M. and Tanács, E. (2014). Carbon sequestration of floodplain forests: a case study from Hungary. Maros river valley, Tiscia, 40, 3-10.
  • Çakır, M., Akburak, S. (2017). Litterfall and nutrients return to soil in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 67(2): 185-200.
  • Çakır, M., Akburak, S., Sargıncı, M. (2019). Çankırı Bölgesi Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold.) Meşcerelerinde Ölüörtü Ayrışması ile Mikroeklembacaklılar ve Mikrobiyal Aktivitenin Zamansal Değişimi ve Toprağa Verilen Besin Maddeleri. TÜBİTAK Proje Raporu, Proje No: 215O572, Ankara
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  • Çömez, A., Tolunay, D., Güner, Ş.T. (2019). Litterfall and the effects of thinning and seed cutting on carbon input into the soil in Scots pine stands in Turkey. European Journal of Forest Research, 138: 1-14
  • Dimitrova, V., Damyanova, S., 2023. Chemical composition of litterfall in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests. Wseas Transactions on Environment and Development, 19: 412-417. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.38
  • Dimitrova, V., Dimitrov, D., Malchev, D. (2023). Litterfall in beech forest (Fagus sylvatica L.). V. International Halich Congress on Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 15-16 January, Istanbul, Türkiye, pp. 702-706.
  • Dündar, M. (1988). Aladağ’da (Bolu) bazı sarıçam meşcerelerinde yıllık yaprak dökümü miktarı ve bu yolla toprağa verilen azotun tespiti üzerine araştırmalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1): 105-113
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  • Gonzalez, E. (2012). Seasonal patterns of litterfall in the floodplain forest of a large Mediterranean river. Limnetica, 31 (1): 173-186. DOI: 10.23818/limn.31.16.
  • Gower, S.T., McMurtrie, R.E., Murty, D. (1996). Aboveground net primary production decline with stand age: potential causes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11, 378-382.
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Karacabey Subasar Ormanı Dişbudak Meşcerelerinde Yıllık Döküm Miktarı ve Bu Yolla Ekosisteme Giren Karbon ve Besin Maddesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 1 - 1
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1435912

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Bursa Karacabey kıyısal subasar ormanlarında, iki farklı ortamdaki (subasar ve karasal) doğal dişbudak (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) meşcerelerinin, c (d1,3=20-35,9 cm) ve d (d1,3=36,0-51,9 cm) gelişim çağlarında, ağaç bileşenlerinin (yaprak, dal, tohum ve diğer) yıllık döküm miktarı ve yıllık döküm ile ölü örtüye ulaşan karbon ve diğer makro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg ve S) ve mikro (Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Cl, Ni ve Co) besin elementleri miktarlarını belirlemektir. Çalışma 2021, 2022 ve 2023 yıllarını kapsayacak şekilde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, çalışma alanında üç yıllık ortalama döküm miktarı, subasar ortamdaki “c” çağı meşcereleri için 8837 kg/ha/yıl, “d” çağı meşcereleri için 6384 kg/ha/yıl bulunurken, karasal ortamdaki “c” ve “d” çağı meşcereleri için bu değerler daha düşük olup sırasıyla 6793 ve 4737 kg/ha/yıl olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toplam döküntüye, yaprak miktarının katkı oranı subasar ortamda c ve d çağı meşcerelerinde sırasıyla %38 ve %44 iken, bu oranlar karasal ortamda %34 ve %42 olarak belirlenmiştir. Döküntü miktarları meşcere tiplerine göre farklılık göstermiş ve genel olarak meşcere ortalama çapı arttıkça döküntü miktarları azalmıştır. Subasar ortamda, döküntü ile ekosisteme giren yıllık ortalama karbon ile diğer makro ve mikro besin maddesi miktarları, karasal ortamdan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Örneğin, subasar ortamda c çağı meşcerelerinde C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg ve S girdileri sırasıyla 4377; 102; 20; 81; 218; 49 ve 41 kg/ha/yıl olarak hesaplanırken, karasal ortamda bu değerler sırasıyla 3352; 96; 16; 73; 227; 40 ve 35 kg/ha/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma ile dişbudak orman ekosistemlerinde döküntü üretimi ve besin maddesi girişinin subasar ve karasal ortam ile meşcere gelişim çağlarına göre farklılık gösterdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen veriler, atmosferik karbondioksiti ve azotu tutma ve depolama konusundaki büyük kapasiteleri nedeniyle iklim değişikliğinin azaltılmasında önemli bir role sahip, subasar orman ekosistemlerinin karbon, azot ve besin dinamiklerini anlamaya ve modellemeye faydalı sayısal bilgiler sağlaması açısından önemlidir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

121O702

Teşekkür

Sunulan çalışma, TÜBİTAK 1001 projesi kapsamında (Proje No 121O702) desteklenmiştir. Bu bakımdan TÜBİTAK’a teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Kaynakça

  • Aerts, R. (1997). Climate, Leaf Litter Chemistry and Leaf Litter Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Triangular Relationship. Oikos, 79, 439-449.http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3546886
  • Akay, A.E., Gencal, B., Taş, İ. (2017). Spatiotemporal change detection using landsat ıimagery: the case study of Karacabey flooded forest, Bursa, Turkey, ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and patial Information Sciences, Volume IV-4/W4,. 4th International GeoAdvances Workshop, 14–15 October, Safranbolu, Karabuk, Turkey.
  • Barnes, B.V., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R., Spurr, S.H. (1998). Forest Ecology. 4 th ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 774
  • Berg B., Berg M., Bottner P., Box E., Breymeyer A., Calvo de Anta R., Couteaux M.M., Gallardo A., Escudero A., Kartz W., Maderia M., Malkonen E., Meentemeyer V., Munoz F., Piussi P., Remacle J., Virzo De Santo A. (1993). Litter mass loss rates in pine forests of Europe and Eastern United States: some relationships with climate and litter quality. Biogeochem 20, 127–159.
  • Berg, B., Erhagen, B., Johansson, M.B., Vesterdal, L., Faituri, M., Sanborn,P., Nilsson, M. (2013). Manganese dynamics in decomposing needleand leaf litter—a synthesis. Can. J. For. Res. 43: 1127–1136. doi:10.1139/cjfr-2013-0097.
  • Bray, J.R., Gorham, E. (1964). Litter production in forests of the world. Advances in Ecological Research, 2: 101–157
  • Camargo M, Giarrizzo T, Jesus A. (2015). Effect of seasonal flooding cycle on litterfall production in alluvialrainforest on the middle Xingu River (Amazon basin, Brazil). Brazilian J Biol. 2015 Aug;75(3 suppl1):2506. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.00514BM
  • Cseh, V., Kiss, M. and Tanács, E. (2014). Carbon sequestration of floodplain forests: a case study from Hungary. Maros river valley, Tiscia, 40, 3-10.
  • Çakır, M., Akburak, S. (2017). Litterfall and nutrients return to soil in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, 67(2): 185-200.
  • Çakır, M., Akburak, S., Sargıncı, M. (2019). Çankırı Bölgesi Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold.) Meşcerelerinde Ölüörtü Ayrışması ile Mikroeklembacaklılar ve Mikrobiyal Aktivitenin Zamansal Değişimi ve Toprağa Verilen Besin Maddeleri. TÜBİTAK Proje Raporu, Proje No: 215O572, Ankara
  • Çakıroğlu, K. (2011). Bartın ili Arıt yöresindeki kayın, göknar, göknar-kayın meşcerelerindeki ölü örtü ayrışması ve yıllık yaprak dökülmesinin araştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bartın Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bartın
  • Çepel, N., Dündar, M., Özdemir, T., Neyişçi, T. (1988). Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) ekosistemlerinde iğne yaprak dökümü ve bu yolla toprağa geri verilen besin maddeleri miktarları. Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Teknik Bülten Serisi No: 194, s. 20, Ankara
  • Çömez, A., Güner, Ş.T., Tolunay, D., 2021. The effect of stand structure on litter decomposition in Pinus sylvestris L. stands in Turkey. Annals of Forest Science 78, 19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-01023-2
  • Çömez, A., Tolunay, D., Güner, Ş.T. (2019). Litterfall and the effects of thinning and seed cutting on carbon input into the soil in Scots pine stands in Turkey. European Journal of Forest Research, 138: 1-14
  • Dimitrova, V., Damyanova, S., 2023. Chemical composition of litterfall in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests. Wseas Transactions on Environment and Development, 19: 412-417. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.38
  • Dimitrova, V., Dimitrov, D., Malchev, D. (2023). Litterfall in beech forest (Fagus sylvatica L.). V. International Halich Congress on Multidisciplinary Scientific Research, 15-16 January, Istanbul, Türkiye, pp. 702-706.
  • Dündar, M. (1988). Aladağ’da (Bolu) bazı sarıçam meşcerelerinde yıllık yaprak dökümü miktarı ve bu yolla toprağa verilen azotun tespiti üzerine araştırmalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1): 105-113
  • Erkan, N., Çömez, A., Aydın, A.C, Denli, Ö., Erkan, S. (2018). Litterfall in relation to stand parameters and climatic factors in Pinus brutia forests in Turkey. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 33(4): 338-346.
  • Gonzalez, E. (2012). Seasonal patterns of litterfall in the floodplain forest of a large Mediterranean river. Limnetica, 31 (1): 173-186. DOI: 10.23818/limn.31.16.
  • Gower, S.T., McMurtrie, R.E., Murty, D. (1996). Aboveground net primary production decline with stand age: potential causes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 11, 378-382.
  • Hansen, K., Vesterdal, L., Schmidt, I.K., Gundersen, P., Sevel, L., Bastrup-Birk, A., Pedersen, L.B., Bille-Hansen, J. (2009). Litterfall and nutrient return in five tree species in a common garden experiment, Forest Ecology and Management 257, 2133–2144
  • Heal, O.W., Anderson, J.M., Swift, M.J. (1997). Plant litter quality and decomposition: An historical overview. In Driven by Nature: Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition, Cadisch G, Giller K E (eds), CAB International Wallingford, UK, pp. 3–45.
  • Irmak, A. (1972). Toprak İlmi. (İkinci Baskı), İ.Ü. Yayın No: 1268, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 121 Taş Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • Irmak, A., Çepel, N. (1968). Belgrad Ormanı’nda seçilen birer kayın, meşe, karaçam meşceresinde yıllık yaprak dökümünün miktarı ve bu yolla toprağa verilen besin maddelerinin tespiti üzerine araştırmalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri A, 18 (2): 53-76.
  • Irmak, A., Çepel, N. (1974). Bazı Karaçam, Kayın ve Meşe meşcerelerinde ölü örtünün ayrışma ve humuslaşma hızı üzerine araştırmalar. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İ.Ü. Yayın No: 1973, O.F.Yayın No: 204, İstanbul, s. 48.
  • Jonczak, J. )(2013). Dynamics, structure and properties of plant litterfall in a 120-year old beech stand in Middle Pomerania between 2007-2010. Soil Science Annual, 64(1): 8-13
  • Kantarcı, M.D. (2000). Toprak İlmi Ders Kitabı. (2. baskı), İ.Ü. Yayın No: 4261, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 462, (XII+420), Çantay Basımevi, ISBN: 975-505-588 -7, İstanbul.
  • Karagül, R. (1990). Artvin-Murgul yöresindeki kayın ve kızılağaç orman ölü örtülerinin bazı hidrolojik ve fiziksel özelliklerinin araştırılması. K.T.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trabzon.
  • Kavvadiasa, V.A., Alifragisa, D., Tsiontsisb, A., Brofasc, G., Stamatelosd, G. (2001). Litterfall, litter accumulation and litter decomposition rates in four forest ecosystems in northern Greece. Forest Ecology and Management, 144: 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00365-0
  • Kim, Y. S., Yi, M. J., Lee, Y. Y., Kobayashi, M., Son, Y. (2009). Estimation of carbon storage, carbon inputs, and soil CO2 efflux of alder plantations on granite soil in central Korea: comparison with japanese larch plantation, Landscape Ecol Eng 5, 157-166.
  • Kiracıoğlu, Ö., Güner, Ş.T., Karataş, R. (2023). Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki doğu kayını ormanlarında gelişim çağlarına göre dökülme miktarının ve bu yolla ölü örtüye giren karbon stokunun belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 24(3): 213-222. DOI: 10.18182/tjf.1318425
  • Krishna, M.P., Mohan, M. (2017). Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: a review. Energ. Ecol. Environ. 2, 236–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-017-0064-9
  • Koray, E.Ş., Tolunay, D. (2020). Türkmen Dağı karaçam meşcerelerinde döküm ile ekosisteme giren besin maddesi miktarları. Türkiye Ormancılık Dergisi, 21(3), 201-214.
  • Kutbay, H.G., Horuz, A. (2001). Litter fall and nutrient return in Quercus cerris L. var. cerris forests in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 33(3): 293-303.
  • Lake, P.S. (1995). Of floods and droughts: river and stream ecosystems of Australia. In: River and Stream Ecosystems. Ecosystems of the World, Vol. 22. C. E. Cushing, K. W. Cummins & G. W. Minshall (eds.): 659–694. Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
  • Liao, C., C. Lin. (2001). Physiological Adaptation of Crop Plants to Flooding Stress. Proc. Natl.Sci.Counc. 25(3):148-157.
  • Liu, C., Westman, C. J., Berg, B., Kutsch, W., Wang, G. Z., Man, R., Ilvesniemi, H. (2004). Variation in litter climate relationships between coniferous and broadleaf forests in Eurasia. Global Eco-logy and Biogeography. 13, 105–114.
  • Maguire D.A. (1994). Branch mortality and potential litter fall from Douglas-fir trees in stands of var-ying density. For. Ecol. Manag. 70:41-53.
  • Meentemeyer, V., Box, E.O. Thompson, R. (1982). World patterns and amounts of terrestrial plant litter production. BioScience, 32: 125–128.
  • Merriam, G., Dwyer, L., Wegner, J. (1982). Litterfall in Two Canadian Deciduous Woods: Quality, Quantity and Timing. Holarctic Ecology, 5 (1), 1-9.
  • Muzika, R.M., Gladden, J.B., Haddock, J.D. (1987). Structural and functional aspects of succession in Southeastern floodplain forests following a major disturbance. The American Midland Naturalist, 117: 1–9
  • Özhan, S. (1977). Belgrad Ormanı Ortadere Yağış Havzasında Ölü Örtünün Hidrolojik Bakımdan Önemli Özelliklerinin Bazı Yöresel Etkenlere Göre Değişimi. Çelikcilt Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • Park, B.B.; Rahman, A.; Han, S.H.; Youn, W.B.; Hyun, H.J.; Hernandez, J.; An, J.Y. (2020). Carbon and Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests in Korea. Forests , 11, 143. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11020143
  • Pausas, J.G. (1993). Litterfall in two Pyrenean stands of Pinus sylvestris L. under different environmental conditions. Folia Botanica Miscelania, 9: 127-136.
  • Pitman, R., Bastrup-Birk, A., Breda, N., Rautio, P. (2010). Sampling and Analysis of Litterfall. 16 pp. Part XIII. In: Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. UNECE ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre, Hamburg.
  • Raich J.M., Schlesinger W.H. (1992). The global carbondioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus, 44B: 81–99.
  • Regina., I.S., Tarazona, T. (2000). Nutrient return to the soil through litterfall and throughfall under beech and pine stands of sierra de la Demanda, Spain. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 14(3): 239-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/ 089030600406653
  • Rood, S.B., Patino, S., Coombs, K., Tyree, M.T. (2000). Branch sacrifice: cavitation-associated drought adaptation of riparian cottonwoods. Trees, 14: 248–257
  • Sargıncı, M., Yıldız, O., Tolunay, D., Toprak, B., Temür, Ş. (2021). Leaf litter dynamics in Western Black Sea mountainous forest ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 51(12): 1821- 1832. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0489
  • Shure, D.J., Gottschalk, M.R. (1985). Litterfall patterns in a floodplain forest. Amer. Midl. Nat 114: 98-111 Singh, B. (2009). Return and release of nutrients from poplar litterfall in an agroforestry system under subtropical condition. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 57(2), 214-218.
  • Starr, M., Saarsalmi, A., Hokkanen, T., Merilä, P., Helmisaari, H.S. (2005). Models of litterfall production for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland using stand, site and climate factors. Forest Ecology and Management, 205: 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.047
  • Sutfin, N. A., Wohl, E. E., Dwire, K.A. (2016). Banking carbon: a review of organic carbon storage and physical factors influencing retention in floodplains and riparian ecosystems. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. ,41, 38–60.
  • Tabacchi, E., Planty-Tabacchi, A.M. (2003). Recent changes in riparian vegetation: Possible consequences on dead wood processing along rivers. River Research and Applications, 19: 251–263.
  • Tüfekçioğlu, A., Sarıyıldız, T., Güner, S., Küçük, M. (2005). Artvin Genya Dağı doğu ladini meşcerelerinde kök kütlesi, yıllık ibre dökümü ve toprak solunumu miktarlarının değişimleri. Ladin Sempozyumu, 20-22 Ekim, Trabzon, s. 123-129
  • Williams-Linera G, Tolome J, Forest C, Litterfall , Forest LM. (1996). Litterfall, temperate and Tropical dominant trees, and climate in a Mexican lower montane forest.Biotropica 28: 649–656 DOI 10.2307/2389051.
  • Wu, H., Xiang, W., Ouyang, S., Xiao, W., Li, S., Chen, L., Lei, P., Deng, X., Zeng, Y., Zeng, L. (2020). Tree growth rate and soil nutrient status determine the shift in nutrient-use strategy of Chinese fir plantations along a chronosequence. Forest Ecology and Management 460, 117896.
  • Yavaş, İ., Ünay A., Şimşek, S. (2011). Su birikmesinin bitki ve toprak üzerine etkisi. ADÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2011; 8(2) : 57 – 61 Zhang, H., Yuan, W., Dong, W., Liu, S. (2014). Seasonal patterns of litterfall in forest ecosystem worldwide, Ecol. Complex., 20 (2014), pp. 240-247, 10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.01.003
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Ekosistemleri
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Temel Sarıyıldız 0000-0003-3451-3229

Proje Numarası 121O702
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarıyıldız, T. (2024). Karacabey Subasar Ormanı Dişbudak Meşcerelerinde Yıllık Döküm Miktarı ve Bu Yolla Ekosisteme Giren Karbon ve Besin Maddesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(3), 1-1. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1435912


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