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A Preliminary Study on the Determination of Stand Preferences of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in the Post-breeding Period

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4, 306 - 328
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1452288

Öz

Woodpeckers (family Picidae), due to their morphological and ecological characteristics, are very important for the protection of forest ecosystems and the maintenance of biodiversity. In fact, they are recommended as umbrella species, as their conservation enables the conservation of other species. The Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), one of the 9 woodpecker species living in our country, is the most common woodpecker species. This study was carried out between July 2023 and November 2023 at 168 different locations for a total of 17 days in order to understand the needs of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (D. major), in the post-breeding period in the forests of Çatacık and Mihalıççık Forest Management Directorates and to provide the necessary basis for the development of species conservation strategies and sustainable forest management. In the field studies, the “Mann-Whitney U test” and the “Chi-Square test” were applied to the species presence-absence data obtained using the point observation in 135 area and line-length counting (transect) in 33 area method, and to the stand map data obtained from the General Directorate of Forestry using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 programme. As a result of the Statistical analysis, it was determined that the dominant tree species in the stand, tree trunk diameter, tree age, closure, slope and height factors were determinant for the presence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (D. major). Conservation of suitable stands that harbour all of these determining factors will ensure the continuity of this species, which has important roles for forest ecosystems, and indirectly ensure the continuity of many species.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, D. (2023). Kaz Dağları’nda Ağaçkakan (Picidae) Türlerinin Habitat Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
  • Akpınar, D. (2023). Belgrad Ormanı’ndaki Ağaçkakan (Aves: Picidae) Türlerinin Yuva Yeri Seçimi ve Yuva Ağacı Karakteristikleri (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
  • Baddeley, C. (1985). Assessments of wild animal abundance. Protection Forestry Division, Forest Research Institute, New Zealand
  • Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D. and Hill, D. A. (1992). Birds Census Techniques, Academic Press Limited, London, 257 s. Bird Life International. (2016). Dendrocopos major, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22681124A87323054. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016- 3.RLTS.T22681124A87323054.en.
  • Blanc, L. A. and Martin, K. (2012). Identifying suitable woodpecker nest trees using decay selection profiles in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). Forest Ecology and Management 286, 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.021.
  • Chen, Y., Dong, L. and Liu, Z. (2022). Integrating Habitat Quality of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in Forest Spatial Harvest Scheduling Problems. Forests 13, 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13040525.
  • Drever, M.C., Aitken, K.E.H., Norris, A.R. and Martin, K. (2008). Woodpeckers as reliable indicators of bird richness, forest health and harvest. Biological Conservation 141 (3), 624-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.004.
  • Dylewski, L., Yosef, R. and Myczko, M. (2017). Difference on cone size preferences between two coniferous species by Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major). PeerJ 5, 32-88. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3288.
  • Furtun, Ö.L., Erciyas Yavuz, K. ve Karataş, A. (Editörler) (2021). Trakuş Türkiye’nin Kuşları. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 414 sayfa.
  • Hagvar, S., Hagvar, G. and Monness, E. (1990). Nest site selection in Norwegian woodpeckers. Ecography 13(2), 156-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00602.x
  • Hebda G., Wesołowski T. and Rowiński P. (2017). Nest sites of a strong excavator, the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major, in a primeval forest. Ardea 105, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v105i1.a8.
  • Hebda, G. (2009). Nesting sites of the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in Poland: analysis of nest cards. Polish Journal of Ecology 57, 149-158.
  • Jackson, J. A. and Jackson, B. J. (2004). Ecological relationships between fungi and woodpecker cavity sites. The condor 106(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.37.
  • Karimi, S., Varasteh Moradi, H., Rezaei, H. R. and Ghadim, M. (2019). Investigating the effect of environmental variables on distribution of three woodpecker species (black woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker and green woodpecker) in Shast Kolateh Forest, Gorgan. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 21(1), 245-259. https://doi.org/10.30495/JEST.2018.13793
  • Kosinski Z. and Ksit P. (2007). Nest holes of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers D. medius: Do they really differ in size?. Acta Ornithology 42, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.3161/068.042.0112.
  • Kosinski Z., Ksit P. and Winiecki A. (2006). Nest sites of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius in near-natural and managed riverine forests. Acta Ornithology 41, 21-32. https://doi.org/10.3161/068.041.0108
  • Kosinski, Z. and Kempa, M. (2007). Density, distribution and nest-sites of woodpeckers (Picidae) in a managed forest of Western Poland. Polish Journal of Ecology 55(3), 519. https://doi.org/10.5555/20073261131.
  • Kosinski, Z. and Winiecki, A. (2004). Nest-site selection and niche partitioning among the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius in riverine forest of Central Europe. Ornis Fennica 81(4), 145-156. Retrieved from https://ornisfennica.journal.fi/article/view/133622
  • Kristin, A. (2002). Woodpecker Distribution and Abundance Along Avertical Gradient in the Poľana Mts. (Central Slovakia). International Woodpecker Symposium (pp. 119-125). March 23-25, Göttingen, Germany.
  • Lee, S-Y., Lee, J. and Sung, H.C. (2023). The impact of forest characteristics, and bird and insect diversity on the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Greyheaded Woodpecker Picus canus in South Korea. Bird Study, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192.
  • Mazgajski, T.D. (1998). Nest-Site Characteristic Of Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major in Central Poland. Polish Journal Of Ecology 46 (1), 33-41.
  • Moradi, S., Sheykhi-Ilanloo, S. and Kafash, A. (2017). Habitats with high suitability of great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), a priority for conservation of Hyrcanian forests. Journal of Animal Environment 9(4), 95-102. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.27171388.1396.9.4.12.4.
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  • Onodi, G. and Csörgő, T. (2012). The habitat preference of the Great-spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major Linnaeus, 1758) in a mosaic habitat. Természetvédelmi Közlemények 18, 402-414. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270566765
  • Onodi, G., Csiszár, A., Botta-Dukát, Z., Csörgő, T. and Winkler, D. (2021). Intersexual segregation in winter foraging of great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major in riparian forests infested with invasive tree species. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2021.1943516.
  • Özdamar, K. (2011). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi. 5. Baskı. Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Park, C.E., Kim, M.C., Ibal, J.C.P., Quang, H.P., Park, H.C. and Shin, J.H. (2019). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Dendrocopos major (Aves, Piciformes, Picidae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4 (1), 777-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1565980.
  • Pasinelli, G. (2007). Nest site selection in middle and great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius & D. major: implications for forest management and conservation. Biodiversity Conservation 16,1283–1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9162-x.
  • Perktas, U. and Quintero, E. (2012). A wide geographical survey of mitochondrial DNA variation in the great spotted woodpecker complex, Dendrocopos major (Aves: Picidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02003.x.
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Orman Alaca Ağaçkakanı (Dendrocopos major)’un Üreme Sonrası Dönemdeki Meşcere Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4, 306 - 328
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1452288

Öz

Ağaçkakanlar (Picidae familyası) sahip oldukları morfolojik ve ekolojik özellikleri nedeniyle orman ekosistemlerinin korunması ve biyoçeşitliliğin sürdürülmesi için oldukça önemlidirler. Hatta bu türlerin korunması sayesinde diğer türlerin de korunması mümkün olacağından şemsiye tür olarak da önerilmektedirler. Ülkemizde yaşayan 9 ağaçkakan türünden biri olan Orman alaca ağaçkakanı (Dendrocopos major) en yaygın ağaçkakan türüdür. Bu çalışma, Orman alaca ağaçkakanı (D. major)’un üreme sonrası dönemde Çatacık ve Mihalıççık orman işletme müdürlüğü ormanlarında yayılış gösterdiği alanlardaki ihtiyaçlarını anlamak ve tür koruma stratejileri ile sürdürülebilir orman yönetiminin geliştirilmesi için gerekli temeli sağlamak amacıyla, Temmuz 2023-Kasım 2023 tarihleri arasında 168 farklı alanda, toplam 17 gün saha çalışması gerçekleştirilerek yapılmıştır. Saha çalışmalarında, 135 alanda noktada gözlem ve 33 alanda hatboyu sayım (Transekt) metodu kullanılarak elde edilen türe ait var-yok verileri ile Orman Genel Müdürlüğünden alınan meşcere harita verilerine IBM SPSS Statistics 22 programı kullanılarak “Mann Whitney U testi” ve “Ki-Kare Testi” uygulanmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda, Orman alaca ağaçkakanı (D. major)’un mevcudiyeti için meşcerede hakim olan ağaç türü, ağaç gövde çapı, ağaç yaşı, kapalılık derecesi, eğim derecesi ve yükseklik faktörlerinin belirleyici olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu belirleyici faktörlerin tümünü barındıran uygun meşcerelerin korunması, orman ekosistemleri için önemli görevleri olan bu türün devamlılığını sağlarken dolaylı olarak da birçok türün devamlılığını sağlayacaktır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmada hiçbir hayvan deneysel olarak kullanılmamış ve hiçbir hayvana zarar verilmemiştir. Bu yüzden hayvan deneyleri yerel etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Eskişehir Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü Çatacık Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü tarafından 06.06.2023 tarihinde 2023/502136 ikn no ile ve Mihalıççık Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü tarafından 08.06.2023 tarihinde 2023/511872 ikn no ile ihale edilen “Orman Ekosistem Hizmetleri Raporunun Hazırlanması Ve Biyolojik Çeşitliliğin Orman Amenajman Planlarına Entegrasyon Önerilerinin Geliştirilmesi Hizmet Alımı” işi kapsamında Uyum Ormancılık Çevre Proje Dan.San.Tic.Ltd.Şti. tarafından desteklenerek yapılmıştır

Teşekkür

Eskişehir Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü personeline ve Uyum ormancılık çalışanlarına yardımlarından dolayı teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, D. (2023). Kaz Dağları’nda Ağaçkakan (Picidae) Türlerinin Habitat Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
  • Akpınar, D. (2023). Belgrad Ormanı’ndaki Ağaçkakan (Aves: Picidae) Türlerinin Yuva Yeri Seçimi ve Yuva Ağacı Karakteristikleri (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
  • Baddeley, C. (1985). Assessments of wild animal abundance. Protection Forestry Division, Forest Research Institute, New Zealand
  • Bibby, C. J., Burgess, N. D. and Hill, D. A. (1992). Birds Census Techniques, Academic Press Limited, London, 257 s. Bird Life International. (2016). Dendrocopos major, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22681124A87323054. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016- 3.RLTS.T22681124A87323054.en.
  • Blanc, L. A. and Martin, K. (2012). Identifying suitable woodpecker nest trees using decay selection profiles in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). Forest Ecology and Management 286, 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.021.
  • Chen, Y., Dong, L. and Liu, Z. (2022). Integrating Habitat Quality of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in Forest Spatial Harvest Scheduling Problems. Forests 13, 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13040525.
  • Drever, M.C., Aitken, K.E.H., Norris, A.R. and Martin, K. (2008). Woodpeckers as reliable indicators of bird richness, forest health and harvest. Biological Conservation 141 (3), 624-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2007.12.004.
  • Dylewski, L., Yosef, R. and Myczko, M. (2017). Difference on cone size preferences between two coniferous species by Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major). PeerJ 5, 32-88. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3288.
  • Furtun, Ö.L., Erciyas Yavuz, K. ve Karataş, A. (Editörler) (2021). Trakuş Türkiye’nin Kuşları. Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 414 sayfa.
  • Hagvar, S., Hagvar, G. and Monness, E. (1990). Nest site selection in Norwegian woodpeckers. Ecography 13(2), 156-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00602.x
  • Hebda G., Wesołowski T. and Rowiński P. (2017). Nest sites of a strong excavator, the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major, in a primeval forest. Ardea 105, 61–71. https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v105i1.a8.
  • Hebda, G. (2009). Nesting sites of the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in Poland: analysis of nest cards. Polish Journal of Ecology 57, 149-158.
  • Jackson, J. A. and Jackson, B. J. (2004). Ecological relationships between fungi and woodpecker cavity sites. The condor 106(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.37.
  • Karimi, S., Varasteh Moradi, H., Rezaei, H. R. and Ghadim, M. (2019). Investigating the effect of environmental variables on distribution of three woodpecker species (black woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker and green woodpecker) in Shast Kolateh Forest, Gorgan. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 21(1), 245-259. https://doi.org/10.30495/JEST.2018.13793
  • Kosinski Z. and Ksit P. (2007). Nest holes of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers D. medius: Do they really differ in size?. Acta Ornithology 42, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.3161/068.042.0112.
  • Kosinski Z., Ksit P. and Winiecki A. (2006). Nest sites of Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius in near-natural and managed riverine forests. Acta Ornithology 41, 21-32. https://doi.org/10.3161/068.041.0108
  • Kosinski, Z. and Kempa, M. (2007). Density, distribution and nest-sites of woodpeckers (Picidae) in a managed forest of Western Poland. Polish Journal of Ecology 55(3), 519. https://doi.org/10.5555/20073261131.
  • Kosinski, Z. and Winiecki, A. (2004). Nest-site selection and niche partitioning among the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius in riverine forest of Central Europe. Ornis Fennica 81(4), 145-156. Retrieved from https://ornisfennica.journal.fi/article/view/133622
  • Kristin, A. (2002). Woodpecker Distribution and Abundance Along Avertical Gradient in the Poľana Mts. (Central Slovakia). International Woodpecker Symposium (pp. 119-125). March 23-25, Göttingen, Germany.
  • Lee, S-Y., Lee, J. and Sung, H.C. (2023). The impact of forest characteristics, and bird and insect diversity on the occurrence of the Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major and Greyheaded Woodpecker Picus canus in South Korea. Bird Study, https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2023.2245192.
  • Mazgajski, T.D. (1998). Nest-Site Characteristic Of Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major in Central Poland. Polish Journal Of Ecology 46 (1), 33-41.
  • Moradi, S., Sheykhi-Ilanloo, S. and Kafash, A. (2017). Habitats with high suitability of great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), a priority for conservation of Hyrcanian forests. Journal of Animal Environment 9(4), 95-102. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.27171388.1396.9.4.12.4.
  • OGM, (2023a). Biyolojik çeşitliliğin orman amenajman planlarına entegrasyon önerilerinin geliştirilmesi. Eskişehir Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Mihalıççık Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Eskişehir.
  • OGM, (2023b). Biyolojik çeşitliliğin orman amenajman planlarına entegrasyon önerilerinin geliştirilmesi. Eskişehir Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Çatacık Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü, Eskişehir.
  • Oğurlu, İ. (2003). Yaban Hayatında Envanter. T.C. Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü, 207 s. Isparta.
  • Onodi, G. and Csörgő, T. (2012). The habitat preference of the Great-spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major Linnaeus, 1758) in a mosaic habitat. Természetvédelmi Közlemények 18, 402-414. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270566765
  • Onodi, G., Csiszár, A., Botta-Dukát, Z., Csörgő, T. and Winkler, D. (2021). Intersexual segregation in winter foraging of great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major in riparian forests infested with invasive tree species. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2021.1943516.
  • Özdamar, K. (2011). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi. 5. Baskı. Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Park, C.E., Kim, M.C., Ibal, J.C.P., Quang, H.P., Park, H.C. and Shin, J.H. (2019). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Dendrocopos major (Aves, Piciformes, Picidae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4 (1), 777-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1565980.
  • Pasinelli, G. (2007). Nest site selection in middle and great spotted woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius & D. major: implications for forest management and conservation. Biodiversity Conservation 16,1283–1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9162-x.
  • Perktas, U. and Quintero, E. (2012). A wide geographical survey of mitochondrial DNA variation in the great spotted woodpecker complex, Dendrocopos major (Aves: Picidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.02003.x.
  • Ralph, J.C., Sauer, J.R. and Droege, S. (Eds.) (1995). Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-149. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 187 pp. https://doi.org/10.2737/PSW-GTR-149.
  • Roberge, J.M. and Angelstam, P. (2006). Indicator species among resident forest birds - a cross-regional evaluation in northern Europe. Biological Conservation 130, 134–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.008.
  • Roberge, J.M., Angelstam, P. and Villard, M.A. (2008). Specialised woodpeckers and naturalness in hemiboreal forests – Deriving quantitative targets for conservation planning. Biological Conservation 141(4), 997–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.01.010.
  • Serin, M., Erdem, M., Yüksel, B., Akbulut, S. ve Duyar, A. (2010). Aladağ Orman İşletmesi Uludağ göknarı (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.) ormanlarında kabuk böceklerinin kışlama (Hibernasyon) davranışlarının belirlenmesi (Pityokteines curvidens) (Germar örneği). Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Batı Karadeniz Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Teknik Bülten No: 19.
  • Shi, X., Gong, C., Zhang, L., Hu, J., Ouyang, Z. and Xiao, Y. (2019). Which Species Should We Focus On? Umbrella Species Assessment in Southwest China. Biology 8(42). https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8020042.
  • Si, Y., Meng, D., Zhong, H., Zhu, Z., Zou, H. and Rong, K. (2023). Foraging Niche Differentiation of Five Woodpecker Species in the Primitive Broadleaved Korean Pine Forests of Northeast China. Forests 14, 2166. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14112166.
  • Smith, K.W. (2007). The utilization of dead wood resources by woodpeckers in Britain. Ibis 149, 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00738.x.
  • Stański, T., Czeszczewik, D., Stańska, M. and Walankiewicz, W. (2021). Anvils of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in primeval oak-lime-hornbeam stands of the Białowieża National Park. The European Zoological Journal 88 (1), 1-8, https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2020.1844324.
  • Stański, T., Stańska, M. and Czeszczewik, D. (2023). Foraging behaviour of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) in the Białowieża National Park: Comparison of breeding and non-breeding seasons. Ornis Fennica 100(1), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.51812/of.126163
  • URL-1 (2024). The Cornell lab of Ornithology, e-Bird veritabanı, Erişim Tarihi: 23.01.2024. Erişim adresi: www.ebird.org
  • URL-2 (2024). Orman Genel Müdürlüğü, Eskişehir Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü, Erişim tarihi: 23.01.2024. Erişim adresi: https://www.ogm.gov.tr/eskisehirobm/kurulusumuz/mihaliccik-orman-isletme-mudurlugu
  • URL-3 (2024). Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Eskişehir’e ait genel istatistik verileri, Erişim tarihi: 23.01.2024. Erişim adresi: https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=ESKISEHIR
  • URL-4 (2024). IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organization, Erişim tarihi: 23.01.2024. Erişim adresi: https://www.iufro.org/publications/summaries/
  • Volpato, G.H., Lopes, E.V., Mendonça, L.B., Boçon, R., Bisheimer, M.V., Serafini, P.P. and Anjos, L. (2009). The use of the point count method for bird survey in the Atlantic forest. Zoologia 26(1), 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702009000100012.
  • Winkler, D. W., Billerman, S. M. and Lovette, I. J. (2020). Woodpeckers (Picidae), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.picida1.01.
  • Zink, R. M., Drovetski, S. V. and Rohwer, S. (2002). Phylogeographic patterns in the great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major across Eurasia. Journal of Avian Biology 33, 175–178. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3677625.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Orman Biyoçeşitliliği
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Mehmet Mahir Karataş 0000-0002-3545-1464

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 8 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Karataş, M. M. (2024). Orman Alaca Ağaçkakanı (Dendrocopos major)’un Üreme Sonrası Dönemdeki Meşcere Tercihlerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Ön Çalışma. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(4), 306-328. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1452288


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