DETERMINANTS OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT PREFERENCE IN TURKEY

Öz

In this study, determinants of self-employment preferences of individuals employed in Turkey were examined. For this purpose, a two-step method was used to analyze the data by using the TURKSTAT Household Labor Force Survey data. Since the data set also includes individuals other than employers, Heckman sample selection was applied primarily to avoid sample selection bias. Existence of sample selection bias and necessity to use this method is determined. Then the probit method was used for all individuals, men and women. According to the findings, the region, age, education level, marital status, enrollment to social security, the possibility of working at home and working time were determined as effective factors. Elimination of regional disparities, encouraging young people, making arrangements in education system to encourage self-employment, and reducing working time especially for women may be effective for individuals to choose self-employment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• self-employment,wage employment,Turkey

TÜRKİYE’DE BİREYLERİN SERBEST ÇALIŞMA TERCİHİNİN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de istihdam içinde yer alan bireylerin serbest çalışma tercihinin belirleyicileri incelenmiştir. Bu amaca uygun şekilde, TÜİK Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi verileri kullanılarak, iki aşamalı bir yöntem ile analiz yapılmıştır. Veri seti, istihdamda bulunanlar haricinde bireyleri de içerdiğinden, örnek seçim yanlılığı sorundan kaçınmak için öncelikle Heckman örnek seçimi uygulanmıştır. Örnek seçim yanlılığı sorununun varlığı ve bu yöntemin uygulanmasının gerekli olduğu görülmüştür. Sonrasında ise probit yöntemi tüm bireyler, erkekler ve kadınlar için kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yaşanılan bölge, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, medeni durum, sosyal güvenliğe kayıtlı olma, evde çalışma imkanı ve çalışma süresi etkili faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bölgeler arası farklılıkların giderilmesi, gençlerin teşvik edilmesi, eğitim sisteminde serbest çalışmayı teşvik edici düzenlemelerin yapılması, çalışma süresinin ise özellikle kadınlar için düşürülmesi bireylerin serbest çalışmayı tercih etmesi için etkili olabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Serbest Çalışma,Ücretli Çalışma,Türkiye

Kaynakça

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