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ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 41 - 69, 15.09.2015

Öz

Dünya kapitalist sisteminde
merkez ülkeleri ile aralarında Türkiye’nin de bulunduğu çevre ülkeleri
karşılaştırıldığında, çevre ülkelerinin görece daha düşük değerli para
birimlerine, daha düşük karşılaştırmalı fiyat ve ücret düzeylerine sahip
oldukları görülmektedir. Bu durum çevre ülkeleri açısından merkez ülkeleri ile
yaptıkları uluslararası ticarette eşitsiz mübadeleye zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu
çalışmanın amacı, bir çevre ülkesi olarak Türkiye’nin merkez ülkeleri ile
yaptığı ticarette maruz kaldığı eşitsiz mübadele etkisinin ölçülerek ortaya
konulmasıdır. Bu çerçevede ilk kez Köhler tarafından geliştirilen ve piyasa
döviz kurunun SGP döviz kurundan sapmasını temel alan hesaplama yönteminden
yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türkiye’nin eşitsiz
mübadeleye bağlı olarak maruz kaldığı kayıp 1980-2010 dönemi itibariyle toplam
477,8 milyar SGP $ olarak tahmin edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alba, J.D. ve Park, D. (2005). “Non-linear Mean Reversion of Real Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity: Some Evidence from Turkey”. Applied Economic Letters, 12, 701-704. Alba, J.D. ve Papell, D. H. (2007). “Purchasing Power Parity and Country Characteristics: Evidence from Panel Data Tests”. Journal of Development Economics, 83, 240−251. Amin, S. (1976). Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review Press. Bahmani-Oskooeea, M., Kutanb, A. M. ve Zhou, S. (2008). “Do Real Exchange Rates Follow a Non-Linear Mean Reverting Process in Developing Countries?”. Southern Economic Journal, 74, 1049−1062. Bhagwati J. N. (1958), “Immiserizing Growth: A Geometrical Note”, Review of Economic Studies, No. 3, pp. 201-5. Boratav, K. (2009). Bir Krizin Hikayesi. Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi. Brewer, A. (1990). Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Survey. (Second Edition), London and New York: Routledge. Cheung, Y. ve Lai, K. (2000). “On Cross-Country Differences in The Persistence of Real Exchange Rates”. Journal of International Economics, 50, 375−397. Drine, Imed ve Rault, C. (2008). “Purchasing Power Parity for Developing and Developed Countries: What Can We Learn from Non-Stationary Panel Data Models?”. CESIFO Working Paper No.2255. Dollar, D. ve Kraay, A. (2004). “Trade, Growth, and Poverty”. The Economic Journal, 114 (February), F22. Emmanuel, A. (1972). Unequal Exchange: A Study Of The Imperialism Of Trade. New York: Monthly Review Press. Freeman, A. (2009). “The Poverty of Statistics and The Statistics of Poverty”. Thirld World Quarterly, 30:8, pp.1427-1448. Freeman, A. ve Kagarlitsky, B. (2008). Küreselleşmenin Krizi (1.baskı). İstanbul: Yordam Kitap. Froot, K.A. ve Rogoff, K. (1995). “Perspectives on PPP and Long-Run Real Exchange Rates”. In: Rogoff, K., Grossman, G. (Eds.), Handbook of International Economics. North Holland, Amsterdam. Gibson, B. (1980). “Unequal Exchange: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Findings”. The Review of Radical Political Economics, 12:3 (Feb.). Köhler, Gernot (1998). “The Structure of Global Money and World Tables of Unequal Exchange”. Journal of World-Systems Research 4:145-168. Köhler, G. (2003). “Time Series of Unequal Exchange”. G. Köhler ve E.J. Chaves (eds.), Globalization: Critical Perspectives (ss. 373-386) İçinde, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Kravis, I.B. ve Lipsey, R.E. (1983). “Toward An Explanation of National Price Levels”. NBER Working Paper No: 1034. MacDonalds, R. (2007). Exchange Rate Economics: Theories and Evidence. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.. Reich, U. (2004). Inequality in International Trade. Paper prepared for the 28. General Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, Cork, Ireland, August 22-28, 2004. Reich, U.P. (2006). Inequality in Exchange: The Use of a World Trade Table for Analyzing The International Economy. unpublished mimeo. Reich, U.P. (2007). “Inequality in Exchange: The Use of a World Trade Table for Analyzing The International Economy”. Economic Systems Research, 19:4, pp.375-395. Reich, U.P. (2013). “PPPs for SDRs? Some Theoretical Observations on How to Normalize, Capture The Dynamics, and Extend The Application of Global Purchasing Power Parities”. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 38 (2013) pp. 171-185. Reich, U.P. (2014). Inequality in Global Production and Trade: A Proposal for Measurement. Paper prepared for the IARIW 33rd General Conference, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, August 24-30 2014. Rogoff, K. (1996). “The Purchasing Power Puzzle”. Journal of Economic Literature, 34, 647-668. Rosenberg, M.R. (1996). Currency Forecasting: A Guide To Fundamental and Technical Models of Exchange Rate Determination. McGraw Hill. Sarno, L. ve Taylor, M.P. (2002). “Purchasing Power Parity and The Real Exchange Rate”. IMF Staff Papers, 49, 65-105. Sarno, L., (2005). “Towards A Solution to The Puzzles in Exchange Rate Economics: Where Do We Stand?”. Canadian Journal of Economics 38, 673–708. Sawada, Y. ve Yotopoulos, P.A. (2006). “Growth and Poverty Reduction Under Globalization: The Systematic Impact of Exchange Rate Misalignment”. Stanford Center for International Development Working Paper No. 261. Somel, C. (2006). “Meta Zincirleri, Bağımlılık Ve Eşit Olmayan Gelişme”. A. H. Köse, F. Şenses ve E. Yeldan (der.) İktisadi Kalkınma, Kriz ve İstikrar, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 3.Baskı, s. 561-578. Taylor, A.M. ve Taylor, M.P. (2004). “The Purchasing Power Debate”. Journal of Economic Perspective, 18, 135-158. Taylor, M.P. (2006). “Real Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity: Mean-Reversion in Economic Thought”. Applied Financial Economics, 16, 1-17. TÜİK (2008), Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi: Sorularla Resmi Istatistikler Dizisi-4. Ankara: TÜİK Matbaası. Ünsal, E. (2005). Uluslararası İktisat: Teori, Politika, Ve Açık Ekonomi Makro İktisadı (1.Baskı). Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi. Ward, M. (2002). “Purchasing Power Parities Vs. Exchange Rates in International Comparisons”. Statistical Journal of the United Nations ECE ,19 (2002), 261-276. Webber, M.J. ve Foot, S.P.H. (1984). “The Measurement Of Unequal Exchange”. Environment and Planning A (vol.16). World Bank (2008). Global Purchasing Power Parities and Real Expenditures 2005. International Comparison Program. World Bank (2015). Purchasing Power Parities and The Real Size of World Economies: A Comprehensive Report of The 2011 International Comparison Program. Wu, J.-L, Cheng S. ve Han, H. (2010). “Further Evidence on Purchasing Power Parity and Country Charasterictics”. International Review of Economics and Finance.
Yıl 2015, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 41 - 69, 15.09.2015

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alba, J.D. ve Park, D. (2005). “Non-linear Mean Reversion of Real Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity: Some Evidence from Turkey”. Applied Economic Letters, 12, 701-704. Alba, J.D. ve Papell, D. H. (2007). “Purchasing Power Parity and Country Characteristics: Evidence from Panel Data Tests”. Journal of Development Economics, 83, 240−251. Amin, S. (1976). Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review Press. Bahmani-Oskooeea, M., Kutanb, A. M. ve Zhou, S. (2008). “Do Real Exchange Rates Follow a Non-Linear Mean Reverting Process in Developing Countries?”. Southern Economic Journal, 74, 1049−1062. Bhagwati J. N. (1958), “Immiserizing Growth: A Geometrical Note”, Review of Economic Studies, No. 3, pp. 201-5. Boratav, K. (2009). Bir Krizin Hikayesi. Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi. Brewer, A. (1990). Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Survey. (Second Edition), London and New York: Routledge. Cheung, Y. ve Lai, K. (2000). “On Cross-Country Differences in The Persistence of Real Exchange Rates”. Journal of International Economics, 50, 375−397. Drine, Imed ve Rault, C. (2008). “Purchasing Power Parity for Developing and Developed Countries: What Can We Learn from Non-Stationary Panel Data Models?”. CESIFO Working Paper No.2255. Dollar, D. ve Kraay, A. (2004). “Trade, Growth, and Poverty”. The Economic Journal, 114 (February), F22. Emmanuel, A. (1972). Unequal Exchange: A Study Of The Imperialism Of Trade. New York: Monthly Review Press. Freeman, A. (2009). “The Poverty of Statistics and The Statistics of Poverty”. Thirld World Quarterly, 30:8, pp.1427-1448. Freeman, A. ve Kagarlitsky, B. (2008). Küreselleşmenin Krizi (1.baskı). İstanbul: Yordam Kitap. Froot, K.A. ve Rogoff, K. (1995). “Perspectives on PPP and Long-Run Real Exchange Rates”. In: Rogoff, K., Grossman, G. (Eds.), Handbook of International Economics. North Holland, Amsterdam. Gibson, B. (1980). “Unequal Exchange: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Findings”. The Review of Radical Political Economics, 12:3 (Feb.). Köhler, Gernot (1998). “The Structure of Global Money and World Tables of Unequal Exchange”. Journal of World-Systems Research 4:145-168. Köhler, G. (2003). “Time Series of Unequal Exchange”. G. Köhler ve E.J. Chaves (eds.), Globalization: Critical Perspectives (ss. 373-386) İçinde, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Kravis, I.B. ve Lipsey, R.E. (1983). “Toward An Explanation of National Price Levels”. NBER Working Paper No: 1034. MacDonalds, R. (2007). Exchange Rate Economics: Theories and Evidence. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.. Reich, U. (2004). Inequality in International Trade. Paper prepared for the 28. General Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, Cork, Ireland, August 22-28, 2004. Reich, U.P. (2006). Inequality in Exchange: The Use of a World Trade Table for Analyzing The International Economy. unpublished mimeo. Reich, U.P. (2007). “Inequality in Exchange: The Use of a World Trade Table for Analyzing The International Economy”. Economic Systems Research, 19:4, pp.375-395. Reich, U.P. (2013). “PPPs for SDRs? Some Theoretical Observations on How to Normalize, Capture The Dynamics, and Extend The Application of Global Purchasing Power Parities”. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 38 (2013) pp. 171-185. Reich, U.P. (2014). Inequality in Global Production and Trade: A Proposal for Measurement. Paper prepared for the IARIW 33rd General Conference, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, August 24-30 2014. Rogoff, K. (1996). “The Purchasing Power Puzzle”. Journal of Economic Literature, 34, 647-668. Rosenberg, M.R. (1996). Currency Forecasting: A Guide To Fundamental and Technical Models of Exchange Rate Determination. McGraw Hill. Sarno, L. ve Taylor, M.P. (2002). “Purchasing Power Parity and The Real Exchange Rate”. IMF Staff Papers, 49, 65-105. Sarno, L., (2005). “Towards A Solution to The Puzzles in Exchange Rate Economics: Where Do We Stand?”. Canadian Journal of Economics 38, 673–708. Sawada, Y. ve Yotopoulos, P.A. (2006). “Growth and Poverty Reduction Under Globalization: The Systematic Impact of Exchange Rate Misalignment”. Stanford Center for International Development Working Paper No. 261. Somel, C. (2006). “Meta Zincirleri, Bağımlılık Ve Eşit Olmayan Gelişme”. A. H. Köse, F. Şenses ve E. Yeldan (der.) İktisadi Kalkınma, Kriz ve İstikrar, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 3.Baskı, s. 561-578. Taylor, A.M. ve Taylor, M.P. (2004). “The Purchasing Power Debate”. Journal of Economic Perspective, 18, 135-158. Taylor, M.P. (2006). “Real Exchange Rates and Purchasing Power Parity: Mean-Reversion in Economic Thought”. Applied Financial Economics, 16, 1-17. TÜİK (2008), Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi: Sorularla Resmi Istatistikler Dizisi-4. Ankara: TÜİK Matbaası. Ünsal, E. (2005). Uluslararası İktisat: Teori, Politika, Ve Açık Ekonomi Makro İktisadı (1.Baskı). Ankara: İmaj Yayınevi. Ward, M. (2002). “Purchasing Power Parities Vs. Exchange Rates in International Comparisons”. Statistical Journal of the United Nations ECE ,19 (2002), 261-276. Webber, M.J. ve Foot, S.P.H. (1984). “The Measurement Of Unequal Exchange”. Environment and Planning A (vol.16). World Bank (2008). Global Purchasing Power Parities and Real Expenditures 2005. International Comparison Program. World Bank (2015). Purchasing Power Parities and The Real Size of World Economies: A Comprehensive Report of The 2011 International Comparison Program. Wu, J.-L, Cheng S. ve Han, H. (2010). “Further Evidence on Purchasing Power Parity and Country Charasterictics”. International Review of Economics and Finance.
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Editörden
Yazarlar

Nihat Dağıstan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Dağıstan, N. (2015). ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(3), 41-69.
AMA Dağıstan N. ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. ASBİ. Eylül 2015;15(3):41-69.
Chicago Dağıstan, Nihat. “ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 15, sy. 3 (Eylül 2015): 41-69.
EndNote Dağıstan N (01 Eylül 2015) ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 15 3 41–69.
IEEE N. Dağıstan, “ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”, ASBİ, c. 15, sy. 3, ss. 41–69, 2015.
ISNAD Dağıstan, Nihat. “ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 15/3 (Eylül 2015), 41-69.
JAMA Dağıstan N. ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. ASBİ. 2015;15:41–69.
MLA Dağıstan, Nihat. “ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 3, 2015, ss. 41-69.
Vancouver Dağıstan N. ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE EŞİTSİZ MÜBADELENİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. ASBİ. 2015;15(3):41-69.

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E-posta: sbedergi@ibu.edu.tr