The Role of Stressful Life Events in Breast Cancer Etiology
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 6, 07.10.2024
Yakup İriağaç
,
Eyyüp Çavdar
,
Kubilay Karaboyun
,
Okan Avcı
,
Elmas Beyazyüz
,
Erdoğan Selçuk Şeber
Öz
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between stressful life events experienced in the last year and breast cancer. METHODS: Measurements were made with the Life Experiences Survey developed by Sarason. The sum of the scores perceived as negative was calculated separately as the negative life experiences score (NegLES), and the sum of the scores reported as positive was calculated separately as the positive life experiences score (PosLES). The sum of the two scores was evaluated as the total life experience score (TotLES). RESULTS: A total of 278 participants, 139 patients with breast cancer and 139 diagnosed with breast fibrocystic disease (control), were included in this study. The median age of all participants was 48 (range:21-75). The median age of the cancer group was 49 years (range: 26-75) and the median age of the control group was 48 years (range 21-71)(p=0.118). The mean of NegLES was -7.0±6.5 in cancer patients and 4.6±5.7 in control group and the mean TotLES was -5.9±6.6 in cancer patients and -3.5±6.3 in control group (for both, p=0.001). PosLES was similar for both groups (p=0.697). Compared to the control group, absolute low NegLES (OR: 0.938 95% CI 0.900-0.977, p=0.002) and absolute low TotLES (OR: 0.942 95% CI 0.906-0.979, p=0.002) were associated with decreased breast cancer. PosLES did not predict breast cancer (OR: 0.988 95% CI 0.891-1.095, p=0.813). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the negative life events experienced by women in the last year contributed to the risk of breast cancer.
Kaynakça
- 1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249.
- 2. Cancer CG on HF in B. Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58 209 women with breast cancer and 101 986 women without the disease. Lancet. 2001;358(9291):1389-1399.
- 3. Tice JA, Miglioretti DL, Li C-S, Vachon CM, Gard CC, Kerlikowske K. Breast density and benign breast disease: risk assessment to identify women at high risk of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(28):3137.
- 4. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(1):7-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21654
- 5. Apovian CM. Obesity: definition, comorbidities, causes, and burden. Am J Manag Care. 2016;22(7 Suppl):s176-85.
- 6. Ahlgren M, Melbye M, Wohlfahrt J, Sørensen TIA. Growth patterns and the risk of breast cancer in women. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(16):1619-1626.
- 7. Wong CS, Lim GH, Gao F, et al. Mammographic density and its interaction with other breast cancer risk factors in an Asian population. Br J Cancer. 2011;104(5):871-874.
- 8. Ostroumova E, Preston DL, Ron E, et al. Breast cancer incidence following low-dose rate environmental exposure: Techa River Cohort, 1956–2004. Br J Cancer. 2008;99(11):1940-1945.
- 9. Cancer CG on HF in B. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(11):1141-1151.
- 10. Michailidou K, Beesley J, Lindstrom S, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer. Nat Genet. 2015;47(4):373-380.
- 11. Chen, S., & Parmigiani, G. (2007). Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 25(11), 1329.
- 12. Chida Y, Hamer M, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival? Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2008;5(8):466-475.
- 13. Dumalaon-Canaria JA, Hutchinson AD, Prichard I, Wilson C. What causes breast cancer? A systematic review of causal attributions among breast cancer survivors and how these compare to expert-endorsed risk factors. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25(7):771-785.
- 14. Lillberg K, Verkasalo PK, Kaprio J, Teppo L, Helenius H, Koskenvuo M. Stressful life events and risk of breast cancer in 10,808 women: a cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(5):415-423.
- 15. Kruk J. Self-reported psychological stress and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Stress. 2012;15(2):162-171.
- 16. Michael YL, Carlson NE, Chlebowski RT, et al. Influence of stressors on breast cancer incidence in the Women’s Health Initiative. Heal Psychol. 2009;28(2):137.
- 17. Priestman TJ, Priestman SG, Bradshaw C. Stress and breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1985;51(4):493-498.
- 18. Sarason IG, Johnson JH, Siegel JM. Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;46(5):932.
- 19. Aytar G, Erkman F. Bir grup üniversite öğrencisinde yaşam olayları, depresyon ve kaygı araştırması. XXI Ulus Psikiyatr ve Nörolojik Bilim Kongresi Bilim Çalışmaları. Published online 1985:75-79.
- 20. Chiriac V-F, Baban A, Dumitrascu DL. Psychological stress and breast cancer incidence: a systematic review. Clujul Med. 2018;91(1):18-26. doi:10.15386/cjmed-924
- 21. Gaudet MM, Gierach GL, Carter BD, et al. Pooled analysis of nine cohorts reveals breast cancer risk factors by tumor molecular subtype. Cancer Res. 2018;78(20):6011-6021.
- 22. Dall GV, Britt KL. Estrogen effects on the mammary gland in early and late life and breast cancer risk. Front Oncol. 2017;7:110.
- 23. Ma H, Bernstein L, Pike MC, Ursin G. Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk according to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Breast Cancer Res. 2006;8(4):1-11.
- 24. MacNiven E, DeCatanzaro D, Younglai E V. Chronic stress increases estrogen and other steroids in inseminated rats. Physiol Behav. 1992;52(1):159-162.
- 25. Hokenson RE, Short AK, Chen Y, et al. Unexpected role of physiological estrogen in acute stress-induced memory deficits. J Neurosci. 2021;41(4):648-662.
- 26. Schoemaker MJ, Jones ME, Wright LB, et al. Psychological stress, adverse life events and breast cancer incidence: a cohort investigation in 106,000 women in the United Kingdom. Breast Cancer Res. 2016;18(1):1-8.
Stresli Yasam Olaylarının Meme Kanseri Gelişimdeki Rolü
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 6, 07.10.2024
Yakup İriağaç
,
Eyyüp Çavdar
,
Kubilay Karaboyun
,
Okan Avcı
,
Elmas Beyazyüz
,
Erdoğan Selçuk Şeber
Öz
GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Son bir yıl içerisinde yaşanılan stresli yaşam olayları ile meme kanseri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak. YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ölçümler Sarason tarafından geliştirilen Yaşam Deneyimleri Ölçeği ile gerçekleştirildi. Olumsuz olarak algılanan yaşam olaylarının puanlarının toplamı negatif yaşam deneyimleri skoru(NegLES), olumlu olarak bildirilen ise pozitif yaşam deneyimleri skoru(PosLES) olarak ayrı ayrı hesaplandı. Toplanması ile de toplam yaşam deneyimleri puanı(TotLES) elde edildi. BULGULAR: Bu çalışmaya, 139 meme kanseri hastası ile birlikte 139 meme fibrokistik hastalık tanısı olan toplamda 278 gönüllü dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcıların medyan yaşı 48’di (min: 21 maks: 75). Kanser grubunun medyan yaşı 49(min: 26-maks: 75) ve fibrokistik grup ise medyan yaşı 48(min: 21 maks: 71) olarak saptandı(p=0.118). NegLES kanser hastalarında ortalama -7.0±6.5, fobrikist hastalarında ortalama 4.6±5.7 ve TotLES kanser hastalarında ortalama -5.9±6.6, fibrokistik hastalarında ortalama -3.5±6.3 olarak saptandı (her ikisi için, p=0.001). PosLES her iki grup için benzerdi (p=0.697). Kontrol grubuna göre kanser olanlar logistik regresyon ile değerlendirildi. Buna göre NegLES azalması (OR: 0.938 95% CI 0.900-0.977, p=0.002) ve TotLES azalması (OR: 0.942 95% CI 0.906-0.979, p=0.002) meme kanseri riskini azaltıyordu. PosLES meme kanseri gelişimini tahmin etmiyordu (OR: 0.988 95% CI 0.891-1.095, p=0.813). TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu çalışma ile, kadınların son bir yıl içerisinde yaşadıkları olumsuz yaşam olaylarının, meme kanseri gelişimine katkı sağladığı sonucuna ulaşıldı.
Kaynakça
- 1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249.
- 2. Cancer CG on HF in B. Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58 209 women with breast cancer and 101 986 women without the disease. Lancet. 2001;358(9291):1389-1399.
- 3. Tice JA, Miglioretti DL, Li C-S, Vachon CM, Gard CC, Kerlikowske K. Breast density and benign breast disease: risk assessment to identify women at high risk of breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(28):3137.
- 4. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(1):7-33. doi:https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21654
- 5. Apovian CM. Obesity: definition, comorbidities, causes, and burden. Am J Manag Care. 2016;22(7 Suppl):s176-85.
- 6. Ahlgren M, Melbye M, Wohlfahrt J, Sørensen TIA. Growth patterns and the risk of breast cancer in women. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(16):1619-1626.
- 7. Wong CS, Lim GH, Gao F, et al. Mammographic density and its interaction with other breast cancer risk factors in an Asian population. Br J Cancer. 2011;104(5):871-874.
- 8. Ostroumova E, Preston DL, Ron E, et al. Breast cancer incidence following low-dose rate environmental exposure: Techa River Cohort, 1956–2004. Br J Cancer. 2008;99(11):1940-1945.
- 9. Cancer CG on HF in B. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(11):1141-1151.
- 10. Michailidou K, Beesley J, Lindstrom S, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer. Nat Genet. 2015;47(4):373-380.
- 11. Chen, S., & Parmigiani, G. (2007). Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 25(11), 1329.
- 12. Chida Y, Hamer M, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival? Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2008;5(8):466-475.
- 13. Dumalaon-Canaria JA, Hutchinson AD, Prichard I, Wilson C. What causes breast cancer? A systematic review of causal attributions among breast cancer survivors and how these compare to expert-endorsed risk factors. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25(7):771-785.
- 14. Lillberg K, Verkasalo PK, Kaprio J, Teppo L, Helenius H, Koskenvuo M. Stressful life events and risk of breast cancer in 10,808 women: a cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(5):415-423.
- 15. Kruk J. Self-reported psychological stress and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Stress. 2012;15(2):162-171.
- 16. Michael YL, Carlson NE, Chlebowski RT, et al. Influence of stressors on breast cancer incidence in the Women’s Health Initiative. Heal Psychol. 2009;28(2):137.
- 17. Priestman TJ, Priestman SG, Bradshaw C. Stress and breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1985;51(4):493-498.
- 18. Sarason IG, Johnson JH, Siegel JM. Assessing the impact of life changes: development of the Life Experiences Survey. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1978;46(5):932.
- 19. Aytar G, Erkman F. Bir grup üniversite öğrencisinde yaşam olayları, depresyon ve kaygı araştırması. XXI Ulus Psikiyatr ve Nörolojik Bilim Kongresi Bilim Çalışmaları. Published online 1985:75-79.
- 20. Chiriac V-F, Baban A, Dumitrascu DL. Psychological stress and breast cancer incidence: a systematic review. Clujul Med. 2018;91(1):18-26. doi:10.15386/cjmed-924
- 21. Gaudet MM, Gierach GL, Carter BD, et al. Pooled analysis of nine cohorts reveals breast cancer risk factors by tumor molecular subtype. Cancer Res. 2018;78(20):6011-6021.
- 22. Dall GV, Britt KL. Estrogen effects on the mammary gland in early and late life and breast cancer risk. Front Oncol. 2017;7:110.
- 23. Ma H, Bernstein L, Pike MC, Ursin G. Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk according to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Breast Cancer Res. 2006;8(4):1-11.
- 24. MacNiven E, DeCatanzaro D, Younglai E V. Chronic stress increases estrogen and other steroids in inseminated rats. Physiol Behav. 1992;52(1):159-162.
- 25. Hokenson RE, Short AK, Chen Y, et al. Unexpected role of physiological estrogen in acute stress-induced memory deficits. J Neurosci. 2021;41(4):648-662.
- 26. Schoemaker MJ, Jones ME, Wright LB, et al. Psychological stress, adverse life events and breast cancer incidence: a cohort investigation in 106,000 women in the United Kingdom. Breast Cancer Res. 2016;18(1):1-8.