Origanum türlerinin kimyasal bileşenleri, antidiyabetik ve antikanser etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Merve Nur Bay , Ali Şen , Leyla Bitiş

https://doi.org/10.53445/batd.1618550

Öz

Kanser ve diyabet, dünya genelinde insanlarda en sık görülen kronik hastalıklardan ikisidir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler, bu hastalıkların tedavisinde destekleyici veya tamamlayıcı tedavi olarak bitkilere güvenmeye devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, baharat ve çay olarak güvenle kullanılan ve Türkiye için önemli cinslerden biri olan Origanum cinsinin fitokimyasal içeriği ile antidiyabetik ve antikanser etkileri üzerine yapılan çalışmaları derlemek ve bu türün sağlık açısından önemini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar gibi önemli veri tabanları taranmıştır. Bu araştırmalar sonucunda özellikle Origanum türlerinin uçucu yağları üzerinde yoğun araştırmalar yapıldığı görülmüş ve uçucu yağ fitokimyasal olarak değerlendirildiğinde ana bileşen olarak özellikle karvakrol ve timol bileşiklerini içerdiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu türün hem uçucu yağının hem de ekstraktlarının, hem doğrudan hem de nanopartiküller içinde kullanıldığında önemli antidiyabetik ve antikanser etkilere sahip olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Uzun yıllardır halk tarafından baharat ve çay olarak güvenli bir şekilde kullanılması nedeniyle insanların oldukça aşina olduğu Origanum türleri üzerinde yapılan son çalışmalar, bu türlerin diyabet ve kanser de dahil olmak üzere insan sağlığı üzerinde umut verici bir şekilde etkili olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Origanum türleri, fitokimyasallar, antidiyabetik aktivite, antikanser aktivite

Chemical components, antidiabetic and anticancer effects of Origanum species

Öz

Cancer and diabetes are two of the most common chronic diseases in people worldwide. Developing countries in particular, still rely on herbs as supportive or complementary therapies in the treatment of these diseases. The aim of this study is to review the phytochemical content and studies on the antidiabetic and anticancer effects of Origanum genus, which is safely used as spice and tea and is one of the important genera for Türkiye, and to reveal the importance of this species in terms of health. For this purpose, important databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar were searched. As a result of these researches, it was seen that intensive researches were carried out especially on the essential oils of Origanum species and when the essential oil was evaluated phytochemically, it was seen that it contains especially carvacrol and thymol compounds as the main components. In addition, it was revealed that both the essential oil and extracts of this species have significant antidiabetic and anticancer effects when used both directly and in nanoparticles. Origanum species, which people are quite familiar with due to its safe use as a spice and tea by the public for many years, has shown that it can be promisingly effective on human health, including diabetes and cancer, with recent studies on it.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Origanum species, phytochemicals, antidiabetic activity, anticancer activity

Kaynakça

• Abdelmagid, A. D., & Said, A. M. (2024). Evaluation of the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effect of Origanum majorana leaf extract and its nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 46(2), 23-27.
• Aghajanyan, A., & Tadevosyan, A. (2022). Hypoglycemic activity of Origanum vulgare L. aqueous extract in hyperglycemia induced by immobilization stress in rabbits. Chemistry and Biology, 56(2), 141-150.
• Al Kamaly, O., Drioiche, A., Remok, F., Saidi, S., El Imache, A., El Makhoukhi, F., ... & Zair, T. (2024). Identification of compounds from Origanum compactum and Origanum elongatum using HPLC/UV-ESI-MS and comparative analysis of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antidiabetic properties. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32(11), 102184.
• American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. (2024). 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes care, 47(Supplement_1), S20-S42.
• Assaggaf, H., El Hachlafi, N., El fadili, M., Elbouzidi, A., Ouassou, H., Jeddi, M., ... & Mrabti, H. N. (2023). GC/MS profiling, in vitro antidiabetic efficacy of Origanum compactum Benth. essential oil and in silico molecular docking of its major bioactive compounds. Catalysts, 13(11), 1429.
• Aydemir, O., Polat, E. B., Aljesri, K., Taskin, T., Bitis, L., & Elcioglu, H. K. (2022). The effects of Origanum onites in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Journal of research in pharmacy, 26(6), 26.
• Bahmani, M., Zargaran, A., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., & Saki, K. (2014). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in the management of diabetes mellitus in the Urmia, Northwest Iran. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 7, S348-S354.
• Bozyel, M., Merdamert Bozyel, E., Canli, K., & Altuner, E. (2019). Anticancer uses of medicinal plants in Turkish traditional medicine. KSU Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi-KSU Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 22.
• Cakar, A., Aydemir, O., Kiyak-Kirmaci, H., Polat, E. B., Taskin, T., Kabasakal, L., & Elcioglu, H. K. (2023). Origanum majorana L. extract effects on kidney tissue in STZ-induced DM rats. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(4).
• Chishti, S., Kaloo, Z. A., & Sultan, P. (2013). Medicinal importance of genus Origanum: A review. J. Pharmacogn. Phytother, 5(10), 170-177.
• El Hassouni, H., Bouhrim, M., El Hajji, R., Bnouham, M., Ziyyat, A., & Romane, A. (2021). Characterization of an endemic plant Origanum grosii from Morocco: trace element concentration and Antihyperglycemic activities. Journal of Chemistry, 2021(1), 8840998.
• Elghazaly, M., Tabl, G., El-Aziz, A., Elfeki, S. M., & Shefiey, L. M. E. (2024). Modulatory effect of Origanum majorana leaves extract against diabetic induced changes in spleen of adult rats. Biological and Biomedical Journal, 2(1), 36-42.
• Erenler, R., Çarlık, Ü. E., & Aydın, A. (2023). Antiproliferative activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oil and water extract from Origanum vulgare L. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 41(1), 202-208.
• Farag, D. B., Yousry, C., Al-Mahallawi, A. M., El-Askary, H. I., Meselhy, M. R., & AbuBakr, N. (2022). The efficacy of Origanum majorana nanocubosomal systems in ameliorating submandibular salivary gland alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Drug delivery, 29(1), 62-74.
• Gîrd, C. E., Costea, T., & Mitran, V. (2021). Evaluation of cytotoxic activity and anticancer potential of indigenous Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) dry extracts on MG-63 bone osteosarcoma human cell line. Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology, 62(2), 525.
• Gökhan, A. (2021). Effects of essential oils obtained from wild and cultured forms of thyme (Origanum acutidens) on lung cancer cells membrane. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 4(4), 445-450.
• Gökhan, A. (2022). Evaluation of cytotoxic, membrane damaging and apoptotic effects of Origanum majorana essential oil on lung cancer and epidermoid carcinoma cells. Cyprus J Med Sci, 7(2), 201-206.
• Governa, P., Baini, G., Borgonetti, V., Cettolin, G., Giachetti, D., Magnano, A. R., ... & Biagi, M. (2018). Phytotherapy in the management of diabetes: a review. Molecules, 23(1), 105.
• Gutiérrez, R. M. P., Jerónimo, F. F. M., Soto, J. G. C., Ramírez, A. M., & Mendoza, M. F. E. (2022). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenols from the polyherbal formulation of Cinnamomum verum, Origanum majorana, and Origanum vulgare and their anti-diabetic capacity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Heliyon, 8(1).
• Ibrahim, E. H., Alshahrani, M. Y., Ghramh, H. A., Alothaid, H., Kilany, M., Morsy, K., ... & Yahia, I. S. (2022). Origanum majorana harvested from Al-Soda, Saudi Arabia promotes mitotic arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 34(3), 101878.
• Ietswaart, J. H. (1980). A taxonomic revision of the genus Origanum (Labiatae). Leiden Botanical Series, 4(1), 1-153.
• Kaur, R., Bhardwaj, A., & Gupta, S. (2023). Cancer treatment therapies: traditional to modern approaches to combat cancers. Molecular biology reports, 50(11), 9663-9676.
• Kintzios, S. E. (Ed.). (2002). The biological/pharmacological activity of the Origanum Genus. D. Baricevic and T. Bartol (Ed.), Oregano: the genera Origanum and Lippia. (175-214). CRC press.
• Kintzios, S. E. (Ed.). (2002). The taxonomy and chemistry of Origanum. M. Skoula and J. B. Harborne (Ed.), Oregano: the genera Origanum and Lippia. (65-108). CRC press.
• Mesmar, J., Abdallah, R., Hamade, K., Baydoun, S., Al-Thani, N., Shaito, A., ... & Baydoun, E. (2022). Ethanolic extract of Origanum syriacum L. leaves exhibits potent anti-breast cancer potential and robust antioxidant properties. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 994025.
• Mondal, A., Bose, S., Mazumder, K., & Khanra, R. (2021). Carvacrol (Origanum vulgare): Therapeutic properties and molecular mechanisms. Bioactive Natural Products for Pharmaceutical Applications, 437-462.
• Nasri, M. H., Zaouani, M., Mimoune, N., Hani, F. A., Mahdid, M., & Toumi, M. (2020). Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Origanum floribundum Munby leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats wistar. Journal of Biological Research-Bollettino della Società Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, 93(2).
• Padulosi, S. (1997). Oregano. Promoting the Conservation and Use of Underutilized and Neglected Crops.
• Perez Gutierrez, R. M. (2012). Inhibition of advanced glycation end‐product formation by Origanum majorana L. in vitro and in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012(1), 598638.
• Qian, C., Dong, X., Hussain, S. A., Wang, L., & Zhao, G. (2024). The application of silver nanoparticles green-formulated by Origanum majorana leaf extract as a hydrazine sensor and treatment of human breast cancer by following the P53 and STAT3 signaling pathways. Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices, 9(2), 100691.
• Rojo-Ruvalcaba, B. E., García-Cobián, T. A., Pascoe-González, S., Campos-Bayardo, T. I., Guzmán-García, L. M., Gil-Gálvez, M. C., ... & García-Iglesias, T. (2020, October). Dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the Origanum vulgare and carvacrol on triple negative breast cancer cell line. In Proceedings (Vol. 61, No. 1, p. 6). MDPI.
• Roy, P. S., & Saikia, B. (2016). Cancer and cure: A critical analysis. Indian journal of cancer, 53(3), 441-442.
• Selvi, S., Polat, R., Çakilcioğlu, U., Celep, F., Dirmenci, T., & Ertuğ, Z. F. (2022). An ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 46(4), 283-332.
• Sokmen, A., Abdel-Baki, A. A. S., Al-Malki, E. S., Al-Quraishy, S., & Abdel-Haleem, H. M. (2020). Constituents of essential oil of Origanum minutiflorum and its in vitro antioxidant, scolicidal and anticancer activities. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 32(4), 2377-2382.
• Solouki, N., Mohammadi-Gollou, A., Sagha, M., & Mohammadzadeh-Vardin, M. (2021). Origanum vulgare extract induces apoptosis in Molt-4 leukemic cell line. Journal of Cellular Biotechnology, 6(2), 105-112.
• Spandidos, D. A. (2007). Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as paradigms in oncogenesis. Journal of BUON, 12(1), S9-S12.
• Tomsuk, Ö., Kuete, V., Sivas, H., & Kürkçüoğlu, M. (2024). Effects of essential oil of Origanum onites and its major component carvacrol on the expression of toxicity pathway genes in HepG2 cells. BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 24(1), 265.
• World Health Organization. (n.d.). Cancer. Retrieved November 18, 2024, from https://www.who.int/health-topics/cancer#tab=tab_1
• World Health Organization. (n.d.). Diabetes. Retrieved November 18, 2024, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
• Yusuf, A., Abu, T., AkubiaNzeribe, E., Onwuliri, F. C., IhemjiabaEkam, E., OgbenyeanuNwadiaro, P., ... & Adewumi, O. M. (2023). Anti-cervical cancer potentials and GC-MS analysis of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Origanum vulgare Linn. Extracts. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 23(3), 120-127.
• Zhou, L., Al-Zahra Kamal Kamel Attia, F., Meng, L., Chen, S., Liu, Z., Ma, C., ... & Kang, W. (2021). Chemical components and biological effects of Genus Origanum. Journal of Food Quality, 2021(1), 3271727.