Eczacı ve aktarların bitkisel ürünlere yönelik görüş ve bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirildiği bir anket çalışması: Kayseri ili örneği, Türkiye
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 96 - 106, 30.08.2025
Betül Nur Yaşar
,
Zeynep Kaya
,
Aybeniz Yıldırım
,
Leyla Bitiş
Öz
Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Kayseri ilinde faaliyet gösteren 35 eczacı ve 14 aktarın bitki ve bitkisel ürün kullanımı hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi ve görüşlerini kesitsel saha çalışması kapsamında yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle değerlendirdi. Bulgularımız eczacıların bitkisel ürünler konusunda iyi düzeyde eğitim alıp yüksek bilgiye sahip olduğunu; aktarlarda ise bu alanda eğitim yeterliliğinin bulunmadığını gösterdi. Pandemi döneminde her iki grubun da bitkisel ürünlere olan taleplerinin arttığı ve en çok Sambucus nigra (kara mürver), Zingiber officinale (zencefil), Hypericum perforatum (sarı kantaron) ile Nigella sativa (çörek otu) kullandıkları belirlendi. Katılımcılar bu ürünleri öncelikle bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirme ve soğuk algınlığı tedavisinde tercih etti. Sonuçlara göre eczacılar, aktarlara kıyasla literatürle daha uyumlu bitkiler önerdi. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bitkisel ürünlerin güvenli kullanımında eczanelerin öncelikli tercih edilmesi ve aktar satışlarının otoritelerce denetlenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koydu; ayrıca halkın bilinçlendirilmesine ve bölgesel düzeyde kapsamlı araştırmalar yapılmasına ihtiyaç olduğu vurgulandı.
Etik Beyan
Araştırma için 12. Bölge Kayseri Eczacı Odası'ndan 01.06.2021 tarih ve 2021/2425 sayılı kurum izni ve Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan 14.05.2021 tarih ve "75" nolu protokol sayısı ile etik kurul onayı alınmıştır.
Destekleyen Kurum
Bu çalışma herhangi bir kurum veya kuruluştan maddi destek alınmadan gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Teşekkür
Katkılarından dolayı Kayseri’deki eczacılara ve aktar katılımcılara teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
Aburas, W., & Alshammari, T. M. (2020). Pharmacists’ roles in emergency and disasters: COVID-19 as an example. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(12), 1797-1816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.006
-
Adıgüzel, F., & Kızılaslan, N. (2016). İstanbul ilinde tıbbi, aromatik ve baharat bitkileri satışı yapan aktarların yapısal özellikleri ve mevzuat hakkındaki görüşleri. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(1), 40–59.
-
Akhondzadeh, S., Naghavi, H. R., Vazirian, M., Shayeganpour, A., Rashidi, H., & Khani, M. (2001). Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: A pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 26(5), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00367.x
-
Akyön, Y. B., & Özel, Ç. A. (2023). Tıbbi ve Ekonomik Bitkiler Konusunun Öğretimine Yönelik Örnek Bir Uygulama. Journal of Individual Differences in Education, 5(2), 75-88.
-
Alasmari, S. A., Al-Abdulmutaali, F. M., Al-Rabah, F. A., & El-Nablaway, M. (2025). Awareness and Knowledge of Pharmacists Regarding Herbal Medication and the Attitude and Demographics of their Consumers. Cureus, 17(5), e84250.
-
Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Fakhrany, O. M., Elekhnawy, E., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Alorabi, M., De Waard, M., Albogami, S. M., & Batiha, G. E. (2022). Traditional herbs against COVID-19: back to old weapons to combat the new pandemic. European journal of medical research, 27(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-022-00818-5
-
Appel, K., Rose, T., Fiebich, B., Kammler, T., Hoffmann, C., & Weiss, G. (2011). Modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system by Passiflora incarnata L. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 25(6), 838–843. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3352
-
Asgary, S., & Pouramini, A. (2022). The pros and cons of using elderberry (Sambucus nigra) for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Advanced Biomedical Research, 11(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_146_21
-
Bent, S., & Ko, R. (2004). Commonly used herbal medicines in the United States: A review. The American Journal of Medicine, 116(7), 478–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.10.036
-
Brendler, T., Al-Harrasi, A., Bauer, R., Gafner, S., Hardy, M. L., Heinrich, M., Hosseinzadeh, H., Izzo, A. A., Michaelis, M., Nassiri-Asl, M., Panossian, A., Wasser, S. P., & Williamson, E. M. (2021). Botanical drugs and supplements affecting the immune response in the time of COVID-19: Implications for research and clinical practice. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 35(6), 3013–3031. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7008
-
Çelik, T., Şentürk, M., & Aslantürk, Ö. S. (2019). Aydın il merkezinde faaliyet gösteren aktarların kişisel ve mesleki özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(2), 126-135.
-
Dağlıoğlu, N., & Akcan, R. (2012). High Dosage Sibutramine Detected In Chinese Herbal Drug. Nobel Medicus Journal, 8(1).
-
Dhawan, K., Dhawan, S., & Sharma, A. (2004). Passiflora: A review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 94(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.023
-
Dimpfel, W., Roeska, K., & Seilheimer, B. (2012). Effect of Neurexan on the pattern of EEG frequencies in rats. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 12(1), 126. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/126
-
Dişli, M., & Yeşilada, E. (2019). Türkiye’de bitkisel tıbbi ürünler (Türkiye’de bitkisel ürünlerin standardizasyonu, üretimi ve tağşiş). Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 3, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.545498
-
Eken, G., Bozdoğan, M., Karataş, A., Kılıç, D. T., & Gem, E. (2005). Türkiye’nin önemli doğa alanları-Yeni koruma bölgelerinin seçiminde öncelikli alanlar. Korunan Doğa Alanları Sempozyumu, 8(10), 133-140.
-
Grundmann, O., Wähling, C., Staiger, C., & Butterweck, V. (2009). Anxiolytic effects of a passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) extract in the elevated plus maze in mice. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 64(1), 63-64. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2009.8753
-
Harun, N. H., & Mohamad, M. F. (2022). The immunomodulatory effects of Zingiber officinale (ginger): A systematic review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(8), 3776-3781. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00634
-
İslamoğlu, A. H., & Alnıaçık, Ü. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
-
Kartoglu, U., & Pala, K. (2023). Evaluation of COVID-19 pandemic management in Türkiye. Frontiers in public health, 11, 1142471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142471
-
Katonge, J. H. (2025). Exploring the role of traditional remedies, cultural practices, and belief interventions in combating COVID-19 in Dodoma City, Tanzania. Pharmacological Research-Natural Products, 7, 100225.
-
Kokaçya, M. H., Şahpolat, M., & Kurhan, F. (2014). Sibutramin içeren reçetesiz zayıflama ürününün indüklediği ilk manik hecme. Journal of Mood Disorders, 4(3), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140108124953
-
Kolodziej, H. (2011). Antimicrobial, antiviral and immunomodulatory activity studies of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs® 7630) in the context of health promotion. Pharmaceuticals, 4(10), 1295–1314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph4101295
-
Koross, H., & Maiyo, F. (2024). Impact of Knowledge, Attitudes, And Perceptions Regarding the Covid-19 Vaccine Among Students at A Tertiary Institution in Kenya. African Journal of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, 3(01), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.58460/ajpam.v3i01.71
-
Leblebici, S., Bahtiyar, S. D., & Özyurt, M. S. (2012). Kütahya aktarlarında satılan bazı tıbbi bitkilerin ağır metal miktarlarının incelenmesi. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University, (029), 1–6.
-
Luo, H., Tang, Q. L., Shang, Y. X., Liang, S. B., Yang, M., Robinson, N., & Liu, J. P. (2020). Can Chinese medicine be used for prevention of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A review of historical classics, research evidence and current prevention programs. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 26(4), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6
-
Pakkir Maideen, N. M., Balasubramanian, R., Gobinath, M., Rafiullah, M., & Muthusamy, S. (2023). Therapeutic Potentials of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) in the Management of COVID-19-A Review of Clinical and In-silico Studies. Anti-Infective Agents, 21(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220802150156
-
Rabaan, A. A., Al-Ahmed, S. H., Muhammad, J., Khan, A., Sule, A. A., Tirupathi, R., Mutair, A. A., Alhumaid, S., Al-Omari, A., Dhawan, M., Tiwari, R., Sharun, K., Mohapatra, R. K., Mitra, S., Bilal, M., Alyami, S. A., Emran, T. B., Moni, M. A., & Dhama, K. (2021). Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Functions, Immunopathology and Immunomodulatory Drugs to Counter Cytokine Storm. Vaccines, 9(5), 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050436
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Seadawy, M. G., Gad, A. F., Elhoseny, M. F., ELharty, B. E., Shamel, M. D., Elfiky, A. A., Ahmed, A., & Zekri, A. R. N. (2020). In vitro: natural compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) against Sars-Cov2 strain isolated from Egyptian patients. bioRxiv, 2020-11. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.07.367649
-
Setz, C., Rauch, P., Setz, M., Breitenberger, S., Plattner, S., & Schubert, U. (2025). Synergistic Antiviral Activity of European Black Elderberry Fruit Extract and Quinine Against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virusa. Nutrients, 17(7), 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071205
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Shpati, K. (2022). Phyto Antitussive Medicines Affect the Cough Treatment for Covid-19’s Children’s Patients. European Journal of Medicine and Natural Scinces Articles, 5.
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A survey study to evaluate the opinions and knowledge levels of pharmacists and herbalists on herbal products: The example of Kayseri province, Türkiye
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 96 - 106, 30.08.2025
Betül Nur Yaşar
,
Zeynep Kaya
,
Aybeniz Yıldırım
,
Leyla Bitiş
Öz
This study evaluated the knowledge level and opinions of 35 pharmacists and 14 herbalists operating in Kayseri province of Türkiye about the use of plants and herbal products through a face-to-face survey within the scope of a cross-sectional field study. Our findings showed that pharmacists were well educated and had high knowledge about herbal products, while herbalists did not have sufficient education in this area. It was determined that both groups’ demand for herbal products increased during the pandemic period and that they used Sambucus nigra (black elderberry), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort), and Nigella sativa (black cumin) the most. Participants primarily preferred these products for strengthening the immune system and treating colds. According to the results, pharmacists recommended plants that were more compatible with the literature compared to herbalists. The results obtained revealed that pharmacies should be the primary choice for the safe use of herbal products and that herbalist sales should be supervised by the authorities; it was also emphasized that public awareness and comprehensive research should be conducted at the regional level.
Etik Beyan
For the research, an institutional permit was obtained from the 12th Region Kayseri Chamber of Pharmacists, dated 01.06.2021 and numbered 2021/2425, and an ethics committee approval was obtained from the Marmara University Faculty of Health Sciences Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee, dated 14.05.2021 and numbered "75".
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was conducted without any financial support from any institution or organization.
Teşekkür
We thank the pharmacists and herbalists in Kayseri for their valuable contributions.
Kaynakça
-
Aburas, W., & Alshammari, T. M. (2020). Pharmacists’ roles in emergency and disasters: COVID-19 as an example. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(12), 1797-1816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.11.006
-
Adıgüzel, F., & Kızılaslan, N. (2016). İstanbul ilinde tıbbi, aromatik ve baharat bitkileri satışı yapan aktarların yapısal özellikleri ve mevzuat hakkındaki görüşleri. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(1), 40–59.
-
Akhondzadeh, S., Naghavi, H. R., Vazirian, M., Shayeganpour, A., Rashidi, H., & Khani, M. (2001). Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: A pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 26(5), 363–367. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00367.x
-
Akyön, Y. B., & Özel, Ç. A. (2023). Tıbbi ve Ekonomik Bitkiler Konusunun Öğretimine Yönelik Örnek Bir Uygulama. Journal of Individual Differences in Education, 5(2), 75-88.
-
Alasmari, S. A., Al-Abdulmutaali, F. M., Al-Rabah, F. A., & El-Nablaway, M. (2025). Awareness and Knowledge of Pharmacists Regarding Herbal Medication and the Attitude and Demographics of their Consumers. Cureus, 17(5), e84250.
-
Al-Kuraishy, H. M., Al-Fakhrany, O. M., Elekhnawy, E., Al-Gareeb, A. I., Alorabi, M., De Waard, M., Albogami, S. M., & Batiha, G. E. (2022). Traditional herbs against COVID-19: back to old weapons to combat the new pandemic. European journal of medical research, 27(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-022-00818-5
-
Appel, K., Rose, T., Fiebich, B., Kammler, T., Hoffmann, C., & Weiss, G. (2011). Modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system by Passiflora incarnata L. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 25(6), 838–843. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3352
-
Asgary, S., & Pouramini, A. (2022). The pros and cons of using elderberry (Sambucus nigra) for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Advanced Biomedical Research, 11(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_146_21
-
Bent, S., & Ko, R. (2004). Commonly used herbal medicines in the United States: A review. The American Journal of Medicine, 116(7), 478–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.10.036
-
Brendler, T., Al-Harrasi, A., Bauer, R., Gafner, S., Hardy, M. L., Heinrich, M., Hosseinzadeh, H., Izzo, A. A., Michaelis, M., Nassiri-Asl, M., Panossian, A., Wasser, S. P., & Williamson, E. M. (2021). Botanical drugs and supplements affecting the immune response in the time of COVID-19: Implications for research and clinical practice. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 35(6), 3013–3031. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7008
-
Çelik, T., Şentürk, M., & Aslantürk, Ö. S. (2019). Aydın il merkezinde faaliyet gösteren aktarların kişisel ve mesleki özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 9(2), 126-135.
-
Dağlıoğlu, N., & Akcan, R. (2012). High Dosage Sibutramine Detected In Chinese Herbal Drug. Nobel Medicus Journal, 8(1).
-
Dhawan, K., Dhawan, S., & Sharma, A. (2004). Passiflora: A review update. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 94(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.023
-
Dimpfel, W., Roeska, K., & Seilheimer, B. (2012). Effect of Neurexan on the pattern of EEG frequencies in rats. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 12(1), 126. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/126
-
Dişli, M., & Yeşilada, E. (2019). Türkiye’de bitkisel tıbbi ürünler (Türkiye’de bitkisel ürünlerin standardizasyonu, üretimi ve tağşiş). Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research, 3, 13–21. https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.545498
-
Eken, G., Bozdoğan, M., Karataş, A., Kılıç, D. T., & Gem, E. (2005). Türkiye’nin önemli doğa alanları-Yeni koruma bölgelerinin seçiminde öncelikli alanlar. Korunan Doğa Alanları Sempozyumu, 8(10), 133-140.
-
Grundmann, O., Wähling, C., Staiger, C., & Butterweck, V. (2009). Anxiolytic effects of a passion flower (Passiflora incarnata L.) extract in the elevated plus maze in mice. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 64(1), 63-64. https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2009.8753
-
Harun, N. H., & Mohamad, M. F. (2022). The immunomodulatory effects of Zingiber officinale (ginger): A systematic review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 15(8), 3776-3781. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00634
-
İslamoğlu, A. H., & Alnıaçık, Ü. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
-
Kartoglu, U., & Pala, K. (2023). Evaluation of COVID-19 pandemic management in Türkiye. Frontiers in public health, 11, 1142471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142471
-
Katonge, J. H. (2025). Exploring the role of traditional remedies, cultural practices, and belief interventions in combating COVID-19 in Dodoma City, Tanzania. Pharmacological Research-Natural Products, 7, 100225.
-
Kokaçya, M. H., Şahpolat, M., & Kurhan, F. (2014). Sibutramin içeren reçetesiz zayıflama ürününün indüklediği ilk manik hecme. Journal of Mood Disorders, 4(3), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20140108124953
-
Kolodziej, H. (2011). Antimicrobial, antiviral and immunomodulatory activity studies of Pelargonium sidoides (EPs® 7630) in the context of health promotion. Pharmaceuticals, 4(10), 1295–1314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph4101295
-
Koross, H., & Maiyo, F. (2024). Impact of Knowledge, Attitudes, And Perceptions Regarding the Covid-19 Vaccine Among Students at A Tertiary Institution in Kenya. African Journal of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, 3(01), 72-84. https://doi.org/10.58460/ajpam.v3i01.71
-
Leblebici, S., Bahtiyar, S. D., & Özyurt, M. S. (2012). Kütahya aktarlarında satılan bazı tıbbi bitkilerin ağır metal miktarlarının incelenmesi. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University, (029), 1–6.
-
Luo, H., Tang, Q. L., Shang, Y. X., Liang, S. B., Yang, M., Robinson, N., & Liu, J. P. (2020). Can Chinese medicine be used for prevention of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A review of historical classics, research evidence and current prevention programs. Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 26(4), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6
-
Pakkir Maideen, N. M., Balasubramanian, R., Gobinath, M., Rafiullah, M., & Muthusamy, S. (2023). Therapeutic Potentials of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa) in the Management of COVID-19-A Review of Clinical and In-silico Studies. Anti-Infective Agents, 21(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352520666220802150156
-
Rabaan, A. A., Al-Ahmed, S. H., Muhammad, J., Khan, A., Sule, A. A., Tirupathi, R., Mutair, A. A., Alhumaid, S., Al-Omari, A., Dhawan, M., Tiwari, R., Sharun, K., Mohapatra, R. K., Mitra, S., Bilal, M., Alyami, S. A., Emran, T. B., Moni, M. A., & Dhama, K. (2021). Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Functions, Immunopathology and Immunomodulatory Drugs to Counter Cytokine Storm. Vaccines, 9(5), 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050436
-
Seadawy, M. G., Gad, A. F., Elhoseny, M. F., ELharty, B. E., Shamel, M. D., Elfiky, A. A., Ahmed, A., & Zekri, A. R. N. (2020). In vitro: natural compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) against Sars-Cov2 strain isolated from Egyptian patients. bioRxiv, 2020-11. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.07.367649
-
Setz, C., Rauch, P., Setz, M., Breitenberger, S., Plattner, S., & Schubert, U. (2025). Synergistic Antiviral Activity of European Black Elderberry Fruit Extract and Quinine Against SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virusa. Nutrients, 17(7), 1205. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071205
-
Shpati, K. (2022). Phyto Antitussive Medicines Affect the Cough Treatment for Covid-19’s Children’s Patients. European Journal of Medicine and Natural Scinces Articles, 5.
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