1Simultaneous solution for reserve capacity maximization and vehicle emission minimization problems in urban road networks

Öz

The traffic congestion in urban road networks and the arising problems have attracted the attention of researchers for many years, and many studies have been carried out on this subject. The first practices applied by local authorities to reduce congestion are road expansion and changes in intersection control type. However, it is possible to reveal reserve capacity in urban road networks by optimising the timing of traffic signals, particularly in developing countries where most intersections are controlled by traffic signals. The release of reserve capacity, on the other hand, causes an increase in vehicle emissions in the urban road network, which has a negative impact on the environment and human health. For this reason, it is clear that, while releasing reserve capacity by optimizing the timing of traffic signals, it is also necessary to keep vehicle emissions at a certain level. For this purpose, in this study, a multi-objective bi-level optimisation model is developed for the simultaneous solution of reserve capacity maximisation and vehicle emissions minimization problems in urban road networks. The developed model has been applied to a road network consisting of 9 signalized intersections. The results show that the capacity utilisation allowed by the physical and operational characteristics of the road network leads to a significant increase in vehicle emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Reserve capacity
• vehicle emissions
• signalized intersections
• bi-level programming
• urban road networks

Kent içi karayolu ağlarında yedek kapasite ve taşıt emisyonu problemlerinin eş zamanlı çözümü

Öz

Kent içi karayolu ağlarında oluşan trafik sıkışıklıkları ve bunun beraberinde getirdiği problemler uzun yıllardır araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmiş ve bu konuda birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Trafik sıkışıklığının azaltılması amacıyla yerel yönetimlerin ilk olarak başvurduğu yöntemler yol genişletme ve kavşak kontrol tipinin değiştirilmesi olmaktadır. Ancak özellikle ışıklı kavşakların büyük çoğunlukta olduğu gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kent içi ulaşım ağlarında ışık sürelerinin optimizasyonu ile ulaşım ağlarında yedek kapasite yaratılabilmektedir. Diğer taraftan yedek kapasite yaratılması ulaşım ağında oluşan taşıt emisyon miktarının artması sonucunu beraberinde getirmekte ve bu durum çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerinde olumsuz etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle ışık sürelerinin optimizasyonu ile yedek kapasite yaratılırken aynı zamanda taşıt emisyon miktarlarının da belli bir seviyede tutulması gerekliliği açıktır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, kent içi ulaşım ağlarında yedek kapasite en büyükleme ve taşıt emisyonları en küçükleme problemlerinin eş zamanlı çözümü amacıyla çok amaçlı iki seviyeli bir optimizasyon modeli geliştirilmiştir. Model 9 adet ışıklı kavşaktan oluşan bir test ulaşım ağına uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar ulaşım ağının fiziksel ve işletimsel özelliklerinin izin verdiği kapasite kullanımının taşıt kaynaklı emisyon miktarında ciddi oranlarda artışa yol açtığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yedek kapasite
• taşıt emisyonları
• ışıklı kavşak
• iki-seviyeli programlama
• kent içi karayolu ağları

Kaynakça

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