Çeşitli konut tipi yüklerin bozulmuş gerilimler altında akım harmonik bozulmasının istatistiksel analizi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, çeşitli konut tipi yüklerin sinüzoidal ve çok sayıda rastgele bozulmaya sahip besleme gerilimleri altında çektikleri akımların harmonik bileşenleri, toplam harmonik bozulma ve akım tepe faktörü ile güç faktörü indislerinin istatistiksel analizi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, rezistif yük besleyen tam köprü doğrultucu (Yük 1), rezistif yük besleyen yarım dalga doğrultucu (Yük 2), rezistif yük besleyen dimmer devresi (Yük 3), batarya şarj eden tam köprü doğrultucu (Yük 4), daimi kondansatörlü tek fazlı asenkron motor (Yük 5) ve ısıtıcı (Yük 6) olmak üzere altı farklı yük tipi Matlab/SIMULINK ortamında modellenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizde, sinüzoidal anma gerilimi ile farklı harmonik bileşenlere sahip ve toplam harmonik bozulma değeri %3.99 ile %7.36 arasında değişen 1000 adet bozulmuş gerilim senaryosu dikkate alınmıştır. Analiz sonuçları modellenen yüklerin güç kalitesi indislerinin şebeke gerilimi harmonik bozulmasından ihmal edilemeyecek derecede etkilendiğini, ancak bu etkinin özellikle ilk iki yükte diğerlerine nazaran daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Harmonik karakterizasyonlar
• bozulmuş gerilimler
• doğrusal olmayan konut tipi yükler
• güç kalitesi

Statistical analysis of current harmonic distortion of various residential loads under distorted voltages

Öz

In this study, the statistical analysis of the harmonic components, total harmonic distortion and crest factor of the currents drawn by various residential-type loads and power factor indices is aimed under sinusoidal and numerous randomly distorted supply voltages. Six different load types, including a full-bridge rectifier supplying a resistive load (Load 1), a half-wave rectifier supplying a resistive load (Load 2), a dimmer circuit supplying a resistive load (Load 3), a full-bridge rectifier charging a battery (Load 4), a single-phase asynchronous motor with a permanent capacitor (Load 5), and a heater (Load 6), are modelled in the Matlab/SIMULINK environment. For statistical analysis, a rated sinusoidal voltage and 1000 distorted voltage scenarios with different harmonic components and total harmonic distortion values varying between 3.99% and 7.36% are considered. The analysis results indicate that the power quality indices of the modelled loads are considerably affected by the harmonic distortion of the grid voltage. Besides, it should be mentioned that the first two kind of loads are much more affected by the voltage distortion compared to the others.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Harmonic characterizations
• distorted voltages
• nonlinear residential type loads
• power quality

Kaynakça

1. G. N. Popa, A. Iagăr, and C. M. Diniș, “Considerations on Current and Voltage Unbalance of Nonlinear Loads in Residential and Educational Sectors,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 102, Dec. 2020.
2. P. Rodríguez-Pajarón, A. Hernández, H. Mendonça and J. V. Milanović, "Residential Harmonic Injection Models Based on Field Measurements," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 575-587, Aug. 2023.
3. D. Salles, C. Jiang, W. Xu, W. Freitas and H. E. Mazin, "Assessing the Collective Harmonic Impact of Modern Residential Loads—Part I: Methodology," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1937-1946, Aug. 2012.
4. G. Ye, M. Nijhuis, V. Cuk and J. F. G. Cobben, "Appliance-based residential harmonic load modelling," 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech, Manchester, UK, Jun. 2017, pp. 1-6.
5. A. Karadeniz, M. E. Balci, and M. Hakan Hocaoglu, “Improvement of PV unit hosting capacity and voltage profile in distorted radial distribution systems via optimal sizing and placement of passive filters,” Electrical engineering, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 2185–2198, Mar. 2023.
6. M. E. Balci, D. Ozturk, O. Karacasu and M. H. Hocaoglu, "Experimental verification of harmonic load models," 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Padua, Italy, Dec. 2008, pp. 1-4.
7. A. Mansoor, W. M. Grady, R. S. Thallam, M. T. Doyle, S. D. Krein and M. J. Samotyj, "Effect of supply voltage harmonics on the input current of single-phase diode bridge rectifier loads," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1416-1422, Aug.1995.
8. A. Karadeniz, O. Ozturk, A. Koksoy, M. Bekir Atsever, M. E. Balci, and M. Hakan Hocaoglu, “Accuracy assessment of frequency-domain models for harmonic analysis of residential type photovoltaic-distributed generation units,” Solar Energy, vol. 233, pp. 182–195, Feb. 2022.

9. R. O. Abdelqader, D. A. Robinson and P. Ciufo, "Analysis of Harmonic Levels from PWM Rectifiers due to Background Voltage Distortion," 19th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Aug. 2020, pp. 1-7.
10. M. E. Balci and M. H. Hocaoglu, "Effects of Source Voltage Harmonic Distortion on Power Factor Compensation in Triac Controlled AC Chopper Circuits," International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Apr. 2005, pp. 1199-1204.
11. A. María, Sergey Yanchenko, J. Meyer, and P. Schegner, “Impact of Supply Voltage Distortion on the Harmonic Emission of Electronic Household Equipment,” Simposio Internacional sobre la Calidad de la Energía Eléctrica - SICEL, vol. 7, pp.1-8, 2024.
12. A. Kalair, N. Abas, A. R. Kalair, Z. Saleem, and N. Khan, “Review of harmonic analysis, modeling and mitigation techniques,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 78, pp. 1152–1187, Oct. 2017.
13. E. Almaita, “Investigation of power quality indices in jordanian distribution grid,” IOSRJ of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 2320-3331, Apr. 2017.
14. R. Sasdelli, A. Menchetti, and G. Carlo Montanari, “Power definitions for power-factor correction under nonsinusoidal conditions,” Measurement, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 289–296, Jul. 1994.
15. Le, T.-T.-H., Kang, H. ve Kim, H., Household Appliance Classification Using Lower Odd-Numbered Harmonics and the Bagging Decision Tree, IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 55937-55952, Mar. 2020.