Yenilenebilir enerji odaklı sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri ağ tasarımı: biyoetanol üretim endüstrisinde bir uygulama

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin yenilenebilir enerji sektöründe henüz ticari girişimlerin bulunmadığı bir alan olan biyoetanol üretimi için sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri modeli sunmaktadır. Çalışmada iki senaryo değerlendirilmiştir: tarımsal atıklar ve endüstriyel atık gazlardan biyoetanol üretimi. Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (Life Cycle Assessment – LCA) gerçekleştirilmiş ve en uygun tesis konumu, İdeal Çözüme Benzerliğe Göre Sıralama Tercihi Tekniği (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution – TOPSIS) yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Maliyet, lojistik ve çevresel performansın optimizasyonu için GAMS ortamında Karma Tamsayılı Doğrusal Programlama (Mixed-Integer Linear Programming – MILP) modeli uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, endüstriyel atık gazlardan biyoetanol üretiminin, tarımsal artıklara dayalı üretime kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha düşük CO₂ emisyonu sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Üretim maliyetinin toplam sistem maliyetinin en büyük bölümünü oluşturduğu, lojistik ve depo tahsis kararlarının da sistem maliyeti ve tedarik zinciri yapısı üzerinde önemli bir rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Verimlilik iyileştirmelerinin toplam maliyet üzerindeki etkisinin ise sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Duyarlılık analizi, kapasite ve talep artışının maliyetleri yükselttiğini göstermekte ve lojistik planlamanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin gelişmekte olan yenilenebilir enerji tedarik zincirlerine yönelik bölgeye özgü içgörüler sunmakta; şirketlerin maliyet etkinliğini artırabileceğini, emisyonları azaltabileceğini ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları (SKA’lar) ile uyum sağlayabileceğini ortaya koyarak, sürdürülebilir enerji dönüşüm stratejilerine hem akademik hem de pratik katkılar sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoetanol tedarik zinciri
• karma-tamsayılı doğrusal programlama
• tedarik zinciri ağ tasarımı
• sürdürülebilirlik.

Renewable energy-focused sustainable supply chain network design: an application in the bioethanol production industry

Öz

This study presents a sustainable supply chain model for bioethanol production, an area of Türkiye’s renewable energy sector in which commercial initiatives have not yet been established. Two scenarios were evaluated: bioethanol from agricultural residues and industrial waste gases. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed, and the most suitable plant location was identified using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was applied in GAMS to optimize cost, logistics, and environmental performance. Findings reveal that bioethanol production from industrial waste gases yields significantly lower CO₂ emissions than production from agricultural residues. It has been determined that production costs constitute the largest share of total system costs, and that logistics and warehouse allocation decisions play a significant role in system costs and supply chain structure. Conversely, the impact of efficiency improvements on total costs was found to be limited. Sensitivity analysis indicates that increased capacity and demand drive cost escalation, underscoring the importance of logistics planning. This study offers region-specific insights into Türkiye’s developing renewable energy supply chains, demonstrating that companies can enhance cost efficiency, reduce emissions, and align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), providing both scholarly and practical contributions to sustainable energy transition strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bioethanol supply chain
• mixed-integer linear programming
• supply chain network design
• sustainability.

Kaynakça

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