Effect of additives including nano materials on fuel properties and engine performance

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 569 - 590, 01.12.2018

İsmet Sezer

https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.462380

Öz

This study compiled the results of various researches performed on the effects of performance and emissions of diesel engine using nanomaterials additives in diesel engine fuels such as diesel, biodiesel, water emulsified fuels and various fuel blends. Three different techniques are used in reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions of the diesel engine. The first technique for the reduction of harmful emissions is improving the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time consuming. The second technique is the using various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of these devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The other technique to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engine are oxide of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce NOx and PM simultaneously in practice. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce the emissions and increase the engine performance is the use of nano material additives and water emulsified fuels. The effects of using different nano material additives in various diesel engine fuels on the fuel properties and engine performance were investigated in this review.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diesel engine performance, biodiesel, emulsified fuel, nano material additives

Nano materyal içerikli katkıların yakıt özelliklerine ve motor performansına etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma; dizel, biyodizel, su içeren emülsiyon yakıtları ve çeşitli yakıt karışımları gibi dizel motor yakıtlarında nano materyal içerikli katkıların kullanılmasının motor performansı ve emisyonlara etkileri üzerine yapılmış çeşitli çalışmaların sonuçlarından derlenmiştir. Dizel motorlarda zararlı egzoz emisyonlarını azaltması için üç farklı teknik uygulanmaktadır. Zararlı emisyonları azaltmak için uygulanan tekniklerden ilki motor tasarımda ve yakıt püskürtme sisteminde değişiklikler yapılarak yanmanın iyileştirilmesidir. Ancak bu pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir süreçtir. İkinci teknik katalitik konvertör ve partikül filtresi gibi çeşitli egzoz gazı azaltıcı sistemler kullanmaktır. Ancak, bu sistemler dizel motorun performansını olumsuz yönde etkiler. Dizel motorlarda, emisyonları azaltmak ve aynı zamanda dizel motorun performansını artırmak için kullanılan üçüncü teknik ise çeşitli yakıt katkılarının kullanılmasıdır. Dizel motorlardan yayılan en önemli kirleticiler azot oksit (NOx) ve partikül madde (PMis) emisyonlarıdır. Uygulamada, NOx ve PM emisyonlarını birlikte azaltmak oldukça zordur. Emisyonları azaltmanın ve motor performansını artırmanın en iyi yolunun nano materyal içerikli katkıların ve suyla emülsiyonlaştırılmış yakıtların kullanımı olduğu birçok araştırmacı tarafından bildirilmektedir. Bu derlemede çeşitli dizel motor yakıtlarında farklı nano materyal içerikli katkıların kullanımının yakıt özellikleri ve motor performansına etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dizel motor performansı, biyodizel, emülsiyon yakıt, nano materyal katkılar

Kaynakça

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