The effect of processing parameters on the wear properties Al6061/GNP composites produced by hot pressing
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 16.01.2023
Türker Türkoğlu
,
Sare Çelik
,
Nail Aslan
,
Enver Atik
Öz
In the present study, the effect of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforcement in Aluminum material at different rates was investigated on tribological properties. In this scope, the samples were produced by the hot press under determining different production parameters. The wear characteristics of the composites were determined using the ball-on disc wear test method. Ball on disc wear test showed that the Al6061/GNPs composite which was produced with the addition of 1 wt% GNPs, a sintering temperature of 600 °C, and a sintering time of 45 min, had the best wear resistance. Thanks to the GNPs reinforcement, a 61 % reduction in wear rate was achieved when compared to the non-reinforced Al material. The effects of the production parameters on the friction coefficient were investigated using the Taguchi method and it was determined that the most important parameter affecting the friction coefficients of the composites was the wt % GNPs addition. The results showed that the addition of GNPs is an important reinforcing material that reduces the wear rate when added to the structure at certain rates.
Destekleyen Kurum
Balikesir University-Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Proje Numarası
BAUN-BAP 2020/038
Kaynakça
- Zhou, M., Ren, L., Fan, L., Zhang, Y., Lu, T., Quan, G. and Gupta, M., Progress in research on hybrid metal matrix composites, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 838, (2020).
- Naseer, A., Ahmad, F., Aslam, M., Guan, B., Harun, W., Muhamad, N., Raza, M. and German, R., A review of processing techniques for graphene- reinforced metal matrix composites, Materials and Manufacturing, 34, 9, 957-985, (2019).
- Yamanoglu, R., Daoud, I. and Olevsky, Spark plasma sintering versus hot pressing – densification, bending strength, microstructure, and tribological properties of Ti5Al2.5Fe alloys, Powder Metallurgy, 61, 2, 178-186, (2018).
- Zhai, W., Sirkanth, N., Kong, L. and Zhou, K., Carbon nanomaterials in tribology, Carbon, 119, 150-171, (2017).
- Nieto, A., Bisht, A., Lahiri, D., Zhang, C. and Agarwal, A., Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites: a review, Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites: a review, International Materials Reviews, 62, 5, 241-302, (2017).
- Bahador, A., Umeda, J., Ghandvar, H., Bakar, T., Yamanoglu, R., Issariyapat, A. and Kondoh, K., Microstructure globularization of high oxygen concentration dual-phase extruded Ti alloys via powder metallurgy route, Materials Characterization, 172, 110855, (2020).
- Soni, S., Thomas, B. and Kar, V., A Comprehensive Review on CNTs and CNT-Reinforced Composites: Syntheses, Characteristics and Applications, Materials Today Communications, 25, 101546, (2020).
- Alihosseini, H., Dehghan, K. and Kamali, J., Microstructure characterization, mechanical properties, compressibility and sintering behavior of Al-B4C nanocomposite powders, Advanced Powder Technology, 28, 9, 2126-2134, (2017).
- Subbiah, V., Palampalle, B. and Brahmaraju, K., Microstructural analysis and mechanical properties of pure Al – GNPs composites by stir casting method, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 100, 3, 493-500, (2019).
- Xia, H., Zhang, L., Zhu, Y., Li, N., Sun, Y., Zhang, J. and Ma, H., Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 27, 9, 1295-1300, (2020).
- Kumar, H. and Xavior A., Fatigue and wear behavior of Al6061 – Graphene composites synthesized by powder metallurgy, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 69, 2, 415-419, (2016).
- Lu, T., Zhou, M., Ren, L., Fan, L., Guo, Y., Qu, X., Zhang, H., Lu, X. and Quan, G., Effect of graphene nanoplatelets content on the mechanical and wear properties of AZ31 alloy, Metals, 10, 9, 1-15, (2020).
- Moghadam, A., Omrani, E., Menezes, P. and Rohatgi, P., Mechanical and tribological properties of self-lubricating metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene - A review, Composites Part B: Engineering, 77, 402-420, (2015).
- Hu, H., Li, Z., Sun, W., Li, R., Li, H. and Khor, K., Friction and wear behaviors of reduced graphene oxide- and carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite bioceramics, Frontiers in Materials, 7, 1-13, (2020).
- Mohammadi, S., Montazaeri, A. and Urbassek, H., Geometrical aspects of nanofillers influence the tribological performance of Al-based nanocomposites, Wear, 444, (2020).
- Diler, E.A., A modified model for the prediction of yield strength of nano-ZrO2 particle-reinforced austenitic steel matrix nanocomposites, Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 180, (2021).
- Singh, L. and Laha, A., Comparing the strengthening efficiency of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets in aluminum matrix, Powder Technology, 356, 1059-1076, (2019).
- Turkoglu, T. and Celik, S., Process optimization for enhanced tribological properties of Al/MWCNT composites produced by powder metallurgy using artificial neural networks, Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 9, 4, (2021).
- Tekoğlu, E., Ağaoğulları, D., Gökçe, H. and Öveçoğlu, L., La2O3 takviyesinin ve mekanik alaşımlamanın basınçsız sinterlenmiş Al15Si2,5Cu0,5Mg kompozitlerinin mikroyapısal ve mekanik özelliklerine etkisi, BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi, 20, 533-545, (2018).
- Hasan, S., Wong, T., Rohatgi, P. and Nosonovsky, M., Analysis of the friction and wear of graphene reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites using machine learning models, Tribology International, 170, 1-12, (2022).
- Agrawal, R. and Mukhopadhyay, A. The use of machine learning and metaheuristic algorithm for wear performance optimization of AISI 1040 steel and investigation of corrosion resistance, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, (2022).
- Singh, U. and Dubey, A., Study of optimum welding performance in friction stir welding of dissimilar Mg alloys using integrated RSM-TLBO algorithm, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 236, 1153-1166, (2022).
Sıcak presleme yoluyla üretilen Al6061/GNP kompozitlerin aşınma özelliklerine üretim parametrelerinin etkisi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 16.01.2023
Türker Türkoğlu
,
Sare Çelik
,
Nail Aslan
,
Enver Atik
Öz
Bu çalışmada, alüminyum farklı oranlarda grafen nano plaka (GNP) ile takviyelerindirilerek elde edilen kompozit malzemenin tribolojik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, numuneler sıcak pres cihazında belirlenmiş olan parametreler altında üretilmiştir. Kompozitlerin aşınma karakteristikleri ball on disk aşınma test metodu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Ball on disk test sonuçları ağırlıkça %1 oranında GNP içeren, 600 °C sinterlenen, 45 dakika süresince sinterlenen Al6061/GNPs kopozitlerin en iyi aşınma direncine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. GNP takviyesi sayesinde, takviyelendirilmemiş Al malzemesiyle kıyaslandığında aşınma oranında %61 azalma elde edilmiştir. Sürtünme katsayısı üzerinde üretim parametrelerinin etkisi Taguchi yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır ve kompozitlerin sürtünme katsayısı üzerinde en etkin parametrenin ağırlıkça GNP oranının olduğu belirlenmiştir. GNP'nin yapıya belli oranlarda eklendiğinde aşınma oranını azaltan önemli bir takviye malzemesi olduğunu sonuçlar göstermiştir.
Proje Numarası
BAUN-BAP 2020/038
Kaynakça
- Zhou, M., Ren, L., Fan, L., Zhang, Y., Lu, T., Quan, G. and Gupta, M., Progress in research on hybrid metal matrix composites, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 838, (2020).
- Naseer, A., Ahmad, F., Aslam, M., Guan, B., Harun, W., Muhamad, N., Raza, M. and German, R., A review of processing techniques for graphene- reinforced metal matrix composites, Materials and Manufacturing, 34, 9, 957-985, (2019).
- Yamanoglu, R., Daoud, I. and Olevsky, Spark plasma sintering versus hot pressing – densification, bending strength, microstructure, and tribological properties of Ti5Al2.5Fe alloys, Powder Metallurgy, 61, 2, 178-186, (2018).
- Zhai, W., Sirkanth, N., Kong, L. and Zhou, K., Carbon nanomaterials in tribology, Carbon, 119, 150-171, (2017).
- Nieto, A., Bisht, A., Lahiri, D., Zhang, C. and Agarwal, A., Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites: a review, Graphene reinforced metal and ceramic matrix composites: a review, International Materials Reviews, 62, 5, 241-302, (2017).
- Bahador, A., Umeda, J., Ghandvar, H., Bakar, T., Yamanoglu, R., Issariyapat, A. and Kondoh, K., Microstructure globularization of high oxygen concentration dual-phase extruded Ti alloys via powder metallurgy route, Materials Characterization, 172, 110855, (2020).
- Soni, S., Thomas, B. and Kar, V., A Comprehensive Review on CNTs and CNT-Reinforced Composites: Syntheses, Characteristics and Applications, Materials Today Communications, 25, 101546, (2020).
- Alihosseini, H., Dehghan, K. and Kamali, J., Microstructure characterization, mechanical properties, compressibility and sintering behavior of Al-B4C nanocomposite powders, Advanced Powder Technology, 28, 9, 2126-2134, (2017).
- Subbiah, V., Palampalle, B. and Brahmaraju, K., Microstructural analysis and mechanical properties of pure Al – GNPs composites by stir casting method, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 100, 3, 493-500, (2019).
- Xia, H., Zhang, L., Zhu, Y., Li, N., Sun, Y., Zhang, J. and Ma, H., Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 27, 9, 1295-1300, (2020).
- Kumar, H. and Xavior A., Fatigue and wear behavior of Al6061 – Graphene composites synthesized by powder metallurgy, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 69, 2, 415-419, (2016).
- Lu, T., Zhou, M., Ren, L., Fan, L., Guo, Y., Qu, X., Zhang, H., Lu, X. and Quan, G., Effect of graphene nanoplatelets content on the mechanical and wear properties of AZ31 alloy, Metals, 10, 9, 1-15, (2020).
- Moghadam, A., Omrani, E., Menezes, P. and Rohatgi, P., Mechanical and tribological properties of self-lubricating metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene - A review, Composites Part B: Engineering, 77, 402-420, (2015).
- Hu, H., Li, Z., Sun, W., Li, R., Li, H. and Khor, K., Friction and wear behaviors of reduced graphene oxide- and carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite bioceramics, Frontiers in Materials, 7, 1-13, (2020).
- Mohammadi, S., Montazaeri, A. and Urbassek, H., Geometrical aspects of nanofillers influence the tribological performance of Al-based nanocomposites, Wear, 444, (2020).
- Diler, E.A., A modified model for the prediction of yield strength of nano-ZrO2 particle-reinforced austenitic steel matrix nanocomposites, Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 180, (2021).
- Singh, L. and Laha, A., Comparing the strengthening efficiency of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets in aluminum matrix, Powder Technology, 356, 1059-1076, (2019).
- Turkoglu, T. and Celik, S., Process optimization for enhanced tribological properties of Al/MWCNT composites produced by powder metallurgy using artificial neural networks, Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, 9, 4, (2021).
- Tekoğlu, E., Ağaoğulları, D., Gökçe, H. and Öveçoğlu, L., La2O3 takviyesinin ve mekanik alaşımlamanın basınçsız sinterlenmiş Al15Si2,5Cu0,5Mg kompozitlerinin mikroyapısal ve mekanik özelliklerine etkisi, BAUN Fen. Bil. Enst. Dergisi, 20, 533-545, (2018).
- Hasan, S., Wong, T., Rohatgi, P. and Nosonovsky, M., Analysis of the friction and wear of graphene reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites using machine learning models, Tribology International, 170, 1-12, (2022).
- Agrawal, R. and Mukhopadhyay, A. The use of machine learning and metaheuristic algorithm for wear performance optimization of AISI 1040 steel and investigation of corrosion resistance, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, (2022).
- Singh, U. and Dubey, A., Study of optimum welding performance in friction stir welding of dissimilar Mg alloys using integrated RSM-TLBO algorithm, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 236, 1153-1166, (2022).