Heyelan duyarlılığı değerlendirmelerinde akarsulara uzaklık parametresinin kullanımına yönelik yeni bir yaklaşım

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 594 - 614, 15.07.2024

Murat Ercanoğlu Pınar Avcı

https://doi.org/10.25092/baunfbed.1425508

Öz

Doğal tehlikelerden biri olan heyelanlar nedeniyle, Türkiye’de ve diğer ülkelerde hem can ve mal kayıpları hem de ekonomik ve çevresel kayıplar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Afet bilinci kavramının, özellikle son yıllarda yaygınlaşması ve gerek, ulusal gerekse uluslararası inisiyatiflerin dikkate aldıkları önlemler ve iyileştirme çalışmaları ile doğal tehlikelerden kaynaklanan zararların, en düşük seviyeye düşürülmesine çalışılmaktadır. Bunlardan, heyelan tehlike ve risk çalışmalarının temel girdi parametrelerinden biri olan heyelan duyarlılık çalışmaları da son derece büyük öneme sahiptir. Heyelan duyarlılık çalışmalarında parametre seçimi ile bu parametrelerin doğru ve temsil edici bir şekilde kullanılması da önemli bir konudur. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma kapsamında, heyelan duyarlılık değerlendirmelerinde sıklıkla ve öznel olarak dikkate alınan akarsulara uzaklık parametresinin kullanımına yönelik olarak yeni bir yaklaşım önerilmesi ve mevcut yöntemlerle karşılaştırmasının yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Heyelan duyarlılığının değerlendirmesinde Frekans Oranı yöntemi temel alınarak, topoğrafik yükseklik, yamaç eğimi, arazi kullanımı, litoloji, bakı, yamaç eğriselliği ve üç farklı yöntemle oluşturulan akarsulara uzaklık parametreleri dikkate alınmıştır. Akarsulara uzaklık parametresi dışındaki parametreler sabit tutularak, üç farklı heyelan duyarlılık haritası üretilmiş ve performansları iki farklı yöntemle sınanmıştır. Bu çalışmada önerilen şekliyle akarsulara uzaklık parametresinin kullanımının, her iki performans sınama yönteminde de en iyi performansı gösterdiği, sonuç heyelan duyarlılık değerlendirmelerinde yaklaşık olarak %10’luk bir iyileştirmeye yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Önerilen yöntemin nesnel ve kullanılabilir olduğu sonucuna varılmış olsa da farklı sahalarda uygulanarak performansa yönelik etkilerinin araştırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Heyelan, heyelan duyarlılığı, akarsulara uzaklık, hazırlayıcı parametreler

A new approach to utilization of distance to stream parameter in landslide susceptibility assessments

Öz

Due to landslides, one of the natural hazards, both life and property losses, as well as economic and environmental damages, may occur in Turkey and in the other countries. The concept of disaster awareness has become widespread, especially in recent years, and efforts are being performed to minimize the damages caused by natural hazards through the measures and improvement efforts taken by both national and international initiatives. Among these, landslide susceptibility studies, which are one of the basic input parameters of landslide hazard and risk studies, are of great importance. In landslide susceptibility studies, parameter selection and the correct and representative utilization of these parameters are also important issues. Therefore, within the scope of this study, it was aimed to propose a new approach for the use of the distance to streams parameter, which is frequently and subjectively taken into account in landslide susceptibility assessments, and to compare it with the existing methods. In the evaluation of landslide susceptibility performed by the Frequency Ratio method, topographical elevation, slope, land use, lithology, aspect, slope curvature and distance to streams, produced by three different methodologies, were taken into account. By keeping the parameters constant except for the distance to the streams, three different landslide susceptibility maps were produced and their performances were tested with two different methods. It was determined that the use of the distance to streams parameter, as suggested in this study, showed the best performance in both performance testing methods and resulted in an approximately 10% improvement in landslide susceptibility evaluations. Although it has been concluded that the proposed methodology is objective and usable, it is recommended to investigate its effects on performance by applying it in different areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Landslide, Landslide susceptibility, distance to streams, conditioning parameters

Kaynakça

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