RUS DEVET GELENEĞİ VE İMPARATORLUK STRATEJİSİNİN BİLEŞENLERİ ÜZERİNE TARİHSEL BİR ANALİZ

Öz

Bu makalede Çarlık Rusya, Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği ve Rusya Federasyonu dönemleri Batı’yla olan münasebetler üzerinden tarihsel yöntemle karşılaştırılarak Rus devlet geleneği ve imparatorluk stratejisinin dünden bu güne süregelen temel bileşenleri analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan karşılaştırma sonucunda lider kültü, merkeziyetçilik ve kamu mülkiyeti anlayışı, tek ve güçlü halk inşası, gizli servis ve devlet tehdişi, otokrasi, pragmatik batıcılık ve otoriterlik olmak üzere, devlet geleneğinde birbirini destekleyen yedi temel bileşene ulaşılmıştır. Rusya’nın bulunduğu coğrafyanın tekinsizliğinin, Rusya’da şahsına münhasır bir devlet sisteminin oluşmasına vesile olurken, coğrafyanın imparatorluk stratejisinin de şekillenmesinde rol oynadığı saptanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, Rusya’da yaşam alanının korunması gerekliliğinin Batı ile rekabeti zorunlu kılarak sıcak denizlere çıkma politikasının şekillenmesine vesile olduğu, yayılmacılığın aparatları olarak da Ortodoksluğun, Rusya’nın Batı’daki düzene alternatif oluşturan fikirlerin merkezi hâline getirilmesinin, Batı’dan gelecek saldırılara karşı mevcut tekinsiz coğrafyanın kalkan olarak kullanılmasının yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu makalede yapılan karşılaştırma, stratejik kültür kavramına katkıda bulunmakla birlikte Rusya merkezli tarihsel realizmin “yeni emperyalizm” argümanını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rus Devlet Geleneği
• Rus İmparatorluk Stratejisi
• Karşılaştırmalı Tarih
• Stratejik Kültür
• Tarihsel Realizm

A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS ON THE COMPONENTS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE TRADITION AND IMPERIAL STRATEGY

Öz

In this article, the periods of Tsarist Russia, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Russian Federation were compared with the historical method through relations with the West, and the basic components of the Russian state tradition and imperial strategy that have continued from the past to the present were analyzed. As a result of the comparison, seven basic components that support each other in the state tradition were reached, namely the Leader cult, centralism and the understanding of public property, the construction of a one and powerful people, the secret service and the state threat, Autocracy, pragmatic Westernism and authoritarianism. It was determined that the uncanny nature of the geography where Russia is located led to the formation of a unique state system in Russia, while also playing a role in the formation of the imperial strategy. In this context, it was determined that the necessity of protecting the living space in Russia necessitated competition with the West and led to the formation of the policy of reaching the warm waters, and that Orthodoxy, Russia being made the center of ideas that constitute an alternative to the order in the West, and the use of the existing uncanny geography as a shield against attacks from the West were included as the tools of expansionism. It has been concluded that the comparison made in this article contributes to the concept of strategic culture and supports the “neo imperialism” argument of Russia-centered historical realism.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Russian State Tradition
• Russian Imperial Strategy
• Comparative History
• Strategic Culture
• Historical Realism

Kaynakça

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