Turizmin Sürdürülebilirliği İçin Risk Yönetiminin Önemi

Öz

Dünya turizm sektörü bazı önemli uluslararası olayların neticesinde ciddi kayıplar yaşamış ve doğal afet risklerinin şiddeti özellikle sigorta sektörü açısından sürdürülebilir turizm tartışmalarının ana konusu haline gelmiştir. Birçok turizm merkezi çeşitli tehlikelerden doğal, teknolojik, biyolojik ve toplumsal/politik kaynaklı afetler ile yüz yüze gelmektedir. Sürdürülebilir turizm için risk yönetimi, doğal afetlerin turizm sektörüne yönelik olumsuz etkilerini giderebilmek üzere yapılacak planlama ve uygulama süreçlerini kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğal afetlerin temel unsurlarını ve bunların turizm merkezleri üzerine etkilerini tartışmak, ayrıca sürdürülebilir turizm için risk yönetim sürecine bir alt yapı sağlamaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal Afetler, Risk Yönetimi, Turizmin Sürdürülebilirliği.

IMPORTANCE OF RISK MANAGEMENT FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURISM

Öz

The world tourism industry suffered some severe losses as a result of a series of major international events and the magnitude of disaster risks has become a major topic of discussion for a sustainable tourism especially in the insurance industry. Most of the tourism destinations face a wide range of disasters and crises from a variety of hazards natural, technological, biological, and civil/political . Risk management for sustainability of tourism refers to the planning and implementation of processes directed towards managing the adverse effects of disasters on tourism. The aim of this paper is to consider the key elements of disasters and their effects upon tourism destinations, and to provide background on risk management processes for sustainable tourism

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disasters, Risk Management, Sustainability of Tourism.

Kaynakça

1. Anttila-Hughes, J.K. and Hsiang, S.M. (2011). Destruction, disinvestment, and death: Economic and human losses following environmental disaster. Working paper. URL http:// conference.nber.org/confer//2012/ EEEHC12/Hsiang_Antilla-Hughes.pdf.
2. Banks, E. (2005). Catastrophic Risk: Analysis and Management. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
3. Cuaresma, J.C., Hlouskova, J. and Obersteiner, M. (2008). Natural disasters as creative destruction? Evidence from developing countries. Economic Inquiry, 46 (2): 214–226.
4. Cummins, J.D. and Mahul, O. (2009). Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries Principles for Public Intervention. World Bank.
5. Granger, K. (2000). An information infrastructure for disaster management in Pacific island countries. Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Autumn. pp.20-32.
6. Guha-Sapir, D. and Santos, I. (2013). The Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters, Oxford University Press.
7. Hallegatte, S. and Dumas, P. (2009). Can natural disasters have positive consequences? Investigating the role of embodied technical change. Ecological Economics. 68 (3): 777–786.
8. Hsiang, S.M. and Jina, A.S. (2014). The Causal Effect of Environmental Catastrophe on Long-Run Economic Growth: Evidence from 6,700 Cyclones. NBER Working Paper, No: 20352.

9. Insurance Information Institute. (2014, October 07). World, Natural Catastrophes. Retrieved from http://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/ catastrophes-global
10. Kunreuther, H., Michel-Kerjan, E. and Useem, M. (2013). Corporate Strategies for Managing Catastrophic Risks in the S&P 500: Linking Intuitive and Deliberative Thinking. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Interim Report.
11. Lynham, J. Noy, I. and Page, J. (2012). The 1960 Tsunami in Hawaii: Long Term Consequences of Costal Disaster. University of Hawai`i at Mānoa Department of Economics Working Paper Series, No:12-16.
12. Robertson, D., Kean, I. and Moore, S. (2006). Tourism Risk Management: An Authoritative Guide to Managing Crises in Tourism. APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism (AICST).
13. Skidmore, M. and Toya, H. (2002). Do natural disasters promote long-run growth?. Economic Inquiry, 40 (4): 664–687.
14. STATISTA. (2014, June 10). Retrieved fom http://www.statista.com/ statistics/233223/travel-and-tourism--total-economic-contribution- worldwide/
15. Swiss Re (2014). Natural Catastrophes and Man-Made Disasters in 2013: Large Losses from Floods and Hail; Haiyan Hits The Philippines. Sigma. No:1, p:45.
16. Tsai, C-H. (2013). Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment and Management in Tourism Industry- A Case Study from the Island of Taiwan. International Journal of Social, Management, Economics and Business Engineering. 7(8).
17. UNESCO. (2014, September 20). Sustainable Tourism. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_c/mod16. html?panel=2#top
18. UNWTO (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers.
19. UNWTO (2014). Tourism Highlights 2014.
20. World Economic Forum. (2014). Global risks 2014, 9th edition.
21. WTTC (2010). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Report 2010.
22. WTTC (2014). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Report 2014.
23. Yang, D. (2008). Coping with disaster: The impact of hurricanes on international financial flows, 1970-2002. Advances in Economic Analysis & Policy. 8 (1): 1903–1903.