EDREMIT KÖRFEZI’NIN KUZEY SAHIL BÖLGESINDE PEYZAJ PATERNI VE ARAZI ÖRTÜSÜNÜN ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL DEĞIŞIMI

Öz

Arazi kullanımı değişimi, bölgesel, ekonomik ve sosyal gelişiminde hayati rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Peyzaj Ekolojisi ilkesine dayalı CBS teknikleri kullanarak Edremit Körfezi’nin kuzey sahil bölgesinde peyzaj paterninin ve arazi örtüsünün zamansal ve mekânsal değişimini nicel olarak ortaya koymak ve açıklamaktır. Bu çalışmada üç farklı Landsat TM ve ETM+ (1987, 2000 ve 2010) uydu görüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Mekânsal desen ve mekânsal heterojenite peyzaj metrikleri hesaplanarak analiz edilmiştir. Hesaplamalar sırasında hem standart hem de hareketli pencere (moving window) analizleri kullanılmıştır. Peyzaj değişimi ile ilgili olarak, peyzaj yapısından mekânsal dağılım ve ilişkinin yönü tartışılmıştır. 1987-2010 döneminde, özellikle dağlarda ormanlarda artış ve sahil bölgelerinde yapay alanlarda bir artış fakat zeytinlik ve meyvelerde bir azalış belirlenmiştir. Yoğun ekili tarım alanlarında da belirgin bir azalma tespit edilmiştir. Zeytin ağaçlarının (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) baskın olduğu zeytinlik-meyvelik arazileri inşaa edilmiş arazilere dönüştüren kentleşme süreçleri, son yirmi yılda, bölgede peyzaj deseninin zamansal ve mekânsal değişmesine yol açan en önemli etkendir. Sonuçlar peyzaj kompozisyonu ve biçiminin arazi örtüsü değişiminin açıklanmasında önemli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bölgede artan koruma çabası sadece orman alanlarını korumak için değil geleneksel tarım uygulamalarını içeren zeytinliklerin korunması için de yapılmalıdır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arazi örtüsü değişimi,Edremit körfezi,peyzaj ekolojisi,peyzaj paterni,uzaktan algılama

Spatiotemporal Change of Land Cover and Landscape Pattern in the North Coastal Region of Edremit Gulf

Öz

Land use change plays vital roles in regional, economic and social development. The objective of this study is to explore and explain quantitatively the spatiotemporal changes of land cover and landscape pattern in the North Coastal Region of the Gulf Edremit, in Egean Sea with GIS Based on the principle of landscape ecology. In this study, three different Landsat TM and ETM+ images (1987, 2000 and 2010) were used. The spatial pattern and spatial heterogeneity are analyzed by employing and computing landscape metric variables. Both standard and moving window analyses were carried out on the datasets. From landscape structure, spatial distribution and relationship aspects discussed about the landscape changes. We measured an increase in forests and especially in mountains, an increase in artificial areas, especially in coastal zones, but a decrease in orchlands in coastal zones during 1987– 2010. Extensively cultivated areas showed a marked decrease. Urbanization processes developed to transfer orchland dominanted with olive trees (Olea europaea subsp. Europaea) into buildup land is the most important force leading to the spatiotemporal change of landscape pattern in the area, in the last two decades. Results indicate that landscape composition and configuration were important in explaining land cover change. We suggest that an increasing conservation effort should be made to protect not only for the forest areas but also the traditional Olive cultuvitation including agricultural practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Landcover change,gulf Edremit,landscape ecology,landscape pattern,remote sensing

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