Öğretim Lideri Olarak Okul Müdürlerinin Öğrencilerin Akademik Başarısı Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 29, 107 - 128, 01.06.2013

Aydın Balyer Yüksel Gündüz

Öz

Müdürler, yalnızca okulu yöneten yönetici rolünde değil, aynı zamanda öğretimi yönlendiren, geliştiren lider durumundadır. Öğretim liderliği bu anlamda, okulda öğrenci başarısını arttırmak için müdürün kendisinin bizzat gösterdiği ya da başkaları tarafından gösterilmesini sağladığı davranışlar olarak ifade edilmektedir. Buna göre öğretim liderliği öğretmenlerin öğretme, öğrencilerin de öğrenme durumlarını doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak önemli ölçüde etkileme davranışlarıdır. Her okulun öğrenciler ve öğretmenler üzerinde olumlu ya da olumsuz etkisi olan bir öğrenme iklimi vardır. Okul sistemleri küreselleşen bu dönemde okul liderlerini program ve hesap verebilirlik çerçevesinde güçlendirmek yoluyla öğrenci başarısı üzerinde daha çok yoğunlaşmaktadırlar, Artık okulun başarısı genellikle öğrencilerinin yani çıktılarının kalitesiyle ve nitelikleriyle ölçülmektedir. Bu anlamda birçok araştırmacı okul müdürünün öğrenci başarısı üzerindeki rolünün önemli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda yapılan çalışmanın amacı ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmen görüşlerine göre okul müdürlerinin öğrencilerin akademik başarısı üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2010-2011 öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Kadıköy ve Kartal ilçelerindeki ilköğretim kurumlarında görev yapan 3400 öğretmen; örneklemini ise, evrenden amacına uygunluğu nedeniyle oransız elaman örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 680 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Nicel olarak yürütülen bu araştırmada veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen 20 maddelik bir ölçekle toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0,90’dır. Ölçekle elde edilen veriler yüzde, frekans, ortalama, standart sapma, testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Öğretmen görüşlerine göre müdürlerin öğrencilerin akademik başarısına etkisi “az düzeyinde” olmuştur. Elde edilen bu sonuca göre, öğretmenlerin, müdürlerin öğrencilerin akademik başarısı üzerindeki etkisini algılamalarının oldukça düşük düzeyde olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Öğretmen görüşleri arasında cinsiyet, yaş, kıdem, eğitim, ödül ve hizmet içi eğitim değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmamıştır. Öğretmen görüşleri, belirtilen değişkenlere göre farklılık göstermemiştir. Müdürlerin öğrencilerin akademik başarılarına daha çok katkıda bulunabilmeleri için, müdürlerin öğretmenlerin profesyonel gelişim çabalarını teşvik etmesi, öğretmenlerin öğretimsel problemler ya da konularla ilgili olarak her an başvuruda bulunacak ortamı sağlaması, okulun akademik hedeflerini öğretmenlerle paylaşması, öğretmenlere profesyonel kaynak ve materyal sağlaması gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Öğretim lideri, müdür, öğretmen, öğrenci

A Study On Effects Of School Principals’ On Student Achievements As Instructional Leaders

Öz

School principals are not only managers who just manage of a school but they are also leaders that lead and develop instruction in this respect. Instructional leadership is defined as a way of behavior that is shown by the leaders themselves or others to improve student achievement at a school in this sense. In this manner, instructional leadership is a behaviour that is affecting the work of a teachers’ teaching work and students’ learning process either directly or indirectly. Each school has a climate that has an effect on students learning process either positive or negative. School systems are focusing on successes and empowerment of students more by means of accountability and program in the global world. Nowadays school success is usually evaluated with the quality of graduates. A lot of scholars imply the effect of a school principal on student achievement as an instructional leader. Therefore the main purpose of this study is to find out effects of school principals on student achievement as instructional leaders according to the opinions of primary school teachers. In this study descriptive method has been applied. The population of the study is 3400 teachers currently working in Kartal and Kadıköy townships in İstanbul province in the 2010-2011 academic years. The sampling is 680 teachers out of that population chosen with unproportional sampling method. The study has been conducted quantitively and the data has been gathered by means of a 20item-scale that has been developed by the researchers themselves. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale is 0,90. The data has been analyzed with arithmetic mean, standard deviation, test and one way variant analysis. According to the results of the study, school principals’ effect on student achievement has been found low in general. In other words it has been understood that according to perceptions of teachers, school principals’ effect on student achievement is quite low. As a result of the study there are no significant meanings between the perceptions of the teachers surveyed according to their sex, age, length of service, education, rewards taken and in-service training variables. In other words teacher views have not shown any differences. Principals should take some steps at their schools. In this sense they should provide professional resources and materials to teachers, encourage teachers’ development efforts, and share academic priorities with teachers. He should also be accessible at any time for both teachers and students at school for counseling academic issues

Anahtar Kelimeler

Instructional leadership, principal, teacher, student

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