Kıskançlık ile İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkide Örgütsel İmajın Aracı Rolü: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 31, 133 - 156, 15.06.2014

Mustafa Günalan Adnan Ceylan

https://doi.org/10.31795/baunsobed.664016

Öz

Problem: Temel bir insan duygusu olarak kıskançlık, insan hayatının büyük bir
kısmını etkiler. Bu bağlamda, kıskançlığın iş hayatında da muhtemel etkilere sahip
olacağı söylenebilir. Ne var ki, Türkiye’de kıskançlığın bu muhtemel etkilerini ve
bu etkilerin sonuçlarını belirlemeye yönelik akademik bir çalışma mevcut değildir.
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı sağlık çalışanlarının kıskançlık duyguları ile
işten ayrılma eğilimleri arasındaki muhtemel ilişkinin ve bu ilişki üzerinde örgütsel
imajın aracı etkisinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. İlgili literatür gözden geçirildiğinde,
çalışan kıskançlığı ile işten ayrılma eğilimi arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir.
Ayrıca, literatür taraması sonucunda örgütsel imaj ile işten ayrılma eğilimi
arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğu görülmektedir. Kıskançlık ile örgütsel imaj
arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında, literatürde bu iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran
bir çalışma görülmemektedir. Literatürde örgütsel imaj değişkeninin aracı değişken
(örneğin stres ile işten ayrılma eğilimi arasında) olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir,
fakat bu değişkenin kıskançlık ile işten ayrılma eğilimi arasında aracı
değişken olarak kullanıldığı bir çalışma mevcut gözükmemektedir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Balıkesir ili merkezi ve diğer ilçelerinde faaliyet
gösteren özel hastanelerde çalışmakta olan hemşire ve diğer yardımcı sağlık
personeli arasından kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenmiş olan 340 sağlık çalışanına
yüz yüze anket yöntemi uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler,
yapısal eşitli modeline uygun istatistik programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Aracı değişken analizi gerçekleştirebilmek için değişkenler arasında
bulunması gereken ve Baron ve Kenny (1986) tarafından önerilmiş olan ilişki şartları
karşılanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, kıskançlık ile işten ayrılma niyeti arasında pozitif
bir ilişki olduğunu ve örgütsel imaj değişkeninin bu ilişki üzerinde kısmi aracı
etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
Özgün Değer: Bu çalışma, ilk olarak, araştırmanın yürütüldüğü ülke ve bölge
açısından orijinaldir. İkinci olarak, bir değişken olarak kıskançlığı araştırma konusu
yapan bir çok çalışma olmasına rağmen, Türkiye’de bu değişkenin örgütsel
araştırmalarda kullanılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu açıdan da çalışma bir ilk olma
özelliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kıskançlık, örgütsel imaj, işten ayrılma eğilimi, hemşire, Turkey

THE MEDIATOR ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL IMAGE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JEALOUSY AND TURNOVER INTENTION: A STUDY ON HEALTH WORKERS

Öz

Problem: As a basic human emotion, jealousy affects most of the parts of
people’s life. Therefore, it is quite possible that jealousy has some effects in work
life. However, there is not any study in Turkey aimed to determine these effects
and their results in workplace.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore possible relationship between
employee jealousy and turnover intentions of employees’ and mediator role of organizational
image perception on this relationship. A review of related literature
shows that employee jealousy has a positive relationship with turnover intention.
Also, literature review shows that organizational image has a negative association
with turnover intention. As to relationship between jealousy and organizational
image, there is not any study examining the relationship between these variables
in the literature. Additionally, according to literature review, it is seen that researchers
used organizational image in their studies as a mediator variable (e.g. between
stress and turnover intention) but, again, there is not any study used organizational
image as a mediator between jealousy and turnover intention.
Methodology: In this study, face-to-face survey method was conducted to
340 health workers chosen through convenient sampling method among nurses
and other allied health personnel working at four private hospitals in Balıkesir and
its towns in Turkey. Data was analyzed by using structural equation modeling.
Findings: Relationships between three variables match the conditions to implement
a mediator analysis that are purposed by Baron and Kenny (1986). The
results of the study show that employee jealousy has a positive relationship with turnover intention, and organizational image perceptions of employees’ have a mediator
effect on this relationship.
Originality: This study is original in terms of country and region that it was
implemented. Although there are many studies dealing with jealousy as a variable,
this variable is not used in organizational researches in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jealousy, organizational image, turnover intention, nurses, Turkey

Kaynakça

• Alniacik, U., Cigerim, E., Akcin, K. & Bayram, O. (2011). Independent and Joint Effects of Perceived Corporate Reputation, Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intentions. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1177-1189
• Anderson, J.C. & Gerbing, D.W. (1988). Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103 (3), 411-423
• Arnold, J., Coombs, C., Wilkinson, A., Loan-Clarke, J., Park, J. & Preston, D. (2003). Corporate Images of the United Kingdom National Health Service: Implications for the Recruitment and Retention of Nursing and Allied Health Profession Staff. Corporate Reputation Review, 6 (3), 223-238
• Baron, R.M. & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173-1182
• Belschak, F.D., & Hartog, D.N.D. (2009). Consequences of Positive and Negative Feedback: The Impact on Emotions and Extra-Role Behaviors. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 58 (2), 274-303
• Cabra, J.F., Talbot. R.J., & Joniak, A.J. (2007) Potential Explanations of Climate Factors That Help and Hinder Workplace Creativity: A Case from Selected Colombian Companies. Cuadernos de Administracion, 20 (33), 273-301
• Cayanus, J.L. & Booth-Butterfield, M. (2004). Relationship Orientation, Jealousy, and Equity: An Examination of Jealousy Evoking and Positive Communicative Responses. Communication Quarterly, 52 (3), 237-250
• Chisholm, M., Russell, D. & Humphreys, J. (2011). Measuring Rural Allied Health Workforce Turnover and Retention: What are the Patterns, Determinants and Costs? Australian Journal of Rural Health, 19, 81-88
• Dasborough, M.T., Ashkanasy, N.M., Tee, E.Y.J. & Tse, H.H.M. (2009). What Goes Around Comes Around: How Meso-Level Negative Emotional Contagion Can Ultimately Determine Organizational Attitudes Toward Leaders. The Leadership Quarterly, 20, 571-585
• Dogan, K., & Vecchio, R.P. (2001). Managing Envy and Jealousy in the Workplace. Compensation and Benefits Review, 33 (2), 57-64
• Ducharme, L.J., Knudsen, H.K. & Roman, P. M. (2008). Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention in Human Service Occupations: The Protective Role of Coworker Support. Sociological Spectrum, 28, 81-104
• Dukerich, J.M., Golden, B.R. & Shortell, S.M. (2002). Beauty is in the Eye of Beholder: The Impact of Organizational Identification, Identity, and Image on the Cooperative Behaviors of Physicians. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 507-533
• Dutton, J.E. & Dukerich, J.M. (1991). Keeping An Eye on The Mirror: Image and Identity in Organizational Adaptation. Academy of Management Journal, 34 (3), 517-554
• Elsbach, K.D. (2006). Organizational Perception Management. (1st ed.). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, (Chapter 2).
• Flavián, C., Torres, E. & Guinalíu, M. (2004). Corporate Image Measurement: A Further Problem for the Tangibilization of Internet Banking Services. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 22 (4/5), 366-384
• Galletta, M., Portoghese, I., Penna, M.P., Battistelli, A. & Saiani, L. (2011). Turnover Intention Among Italian Nurses: The Moderating Roles of Supervisor Support and Organizational Support. Nursing and Health Sciences, 13, 184-191
• Geurts, S., Schaufeli, W., & de Jonge, J. (1998). Burnout and Intention to Leave Among Mental Health-Care Professionals: A Social Psychological Approach. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 17 (3), 341-362
• Goukasian, L., & Wan, X. (2010). Optimal Incentive Contracts Under Relative Income Concerns. Mathematics and Financial Economics, 4 (1), 57-86
• Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. and Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective (7th edition). Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jresey, NY, USA. Harris, C.R. (2004). The Evolution of Jealousy. American Scientist, 92, 62-71
• Harris, B.R., Harris, K.J. & Harvey, P. (2008). An Examination of the Impact of Supervisor on the Relationship Between Job Strains and Turnover Intention for Computer Workers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38 (8), 2108-2131
• Harvey, P., Harris, K.J. & Martinko, M.J. (2008). The Mediated Influence of Hostile Attributional Style on Turnover Intentions. Journal of Business Psychology, 22, 333-343
• Herrbach, O., Mignonac, K. & Gatignon, A. (2004). Exploring the Role of Perceived External Prestige in Managers’ Turnover Intentions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15 (8), 1390-1407
• Huang, C. & Lien, H. (2012). An Empirical Analysis of The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance of Taiwan’s Construction Industry: Using Corporate Image as A Mediator. Construction Management and Economics, 30, 263-275
• Hutri, M., & Lindeman, M. (2002). The Role of Stress and Negative Emotions in An Occupational Crisis. Journal of Career Development, 29 (1), 19-36
• Lansiquot, B.A., Tullai-McGuinness, S. & Madigan, E. (2012). Turnover Intention Among Hospital-Based Registered Nurses in The Eastern Caribbean. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44 (2), 187-193
• Laschinger, H.K.S., Purdy, N. & Almost, J. (2007). The Impact of Leader-Member Exchange Quality, Empowerment, and Core Self-evaluation on Nurse Manager’s Job Satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37 (5), 221-229
• Lievens, F., Van Hoye, G. & Anseel, F. (2007). Organizational Identity and Employer Image: Towards a Unifying Framework. British Journal of Management, 18, 45-59
• Massar, K., Buunk, A.P., Dechesne, M. (2009). Jealousy in the blink of an eye: Jealous reactions following subliminal exposure to rival characteristics. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 768-779.
• Mael, F.A. & Ashforth, B.E. (1995). Loyal from Day One: Biodata, Organizational Identification, and Turnover among Newcomers. Personnel Psychology, 48 (2), 309-333
• Mignonac, K., Herrbach, O. & Guerrero, S. (2006). The Interactive Effects of Perceived External Prestige and Need for Organizational Identification on Turnover Intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69, 477-493
• Miner, F.C. Jr. (1990). Jealousy. Workforce Management, 69 (4), 88-95 Miner, K.T., & Eischeid, A. (2012). Observing Incivility Toward Coworkers and Negative Emotions: Do Gender of the Target and Observer Matter? Sex Roles, 66 (7-8), 492-505
• Morrison, R.L., & Nolan, T. (2003). Negative Relationship in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management, 4 (3), 203-221
• Nadiri, H., & Tanova, C. (2010). An Investigation of the Role of Justice in Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 33-41
• Nguyen, N. & LeBlanc, G. (1998). The Mediating Role of Corporate Image on Customers’ Retention Decisions: An Investigation in Financial Services. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 16 (2), 52-65
• O’brien-Pallas, L., Murphy, G.T., Shamian, J., Li, X & Hayes, L.J. (2010). Impact and Determinants of Nurse Turnover: A Pan-Canadian Study. Journal of Nursing Management, 18, 1073-1086
• O’Neill, J.L. & Gaither, C.A. (2007). Investigating The Relationship Between The Practice of Pharmaceutical Care, Construed External Image, Organizational Identification, and Job Turnover Intention of Community Pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 3, 438-463
• Parasuraman, S. (1982). Predicting Turnover Intentions and Turnover Behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 21, 111-121
• Park, J.S. & Kim, T.H. (2009). Do Types of Organizational Culture Matter in Nurse Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention? Leadership in Health Services, 22 (1), 20-38
• Pelzer, P. (2005). The Hostility Triad: The Contribution of Negative Emotions to Organizational (Un-) Wellness. Culture and Organization, 11 (2), 111-123
• Pines, A. & Aronson, E. (1983). Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Sexual Jealousy. Journal of Personality, 51 (1), 108-136
• Reisel, W.D., Probst, T.M., Chia, S., Maloles, C.M., & König, C.J. (2010). The Effects of Job Insecurity on Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Deviant Behavior, and Negative Emotions of Employees. International Studies of Management and Organization, 40 (1), 74-91
• Riordan, C.M., Gatewood, R. D. & Bill, J.B. (1997). Corporate Image: Employee Reactions and Implications for Managing Corporate Social Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 401-412
• Ronen, S. & Shenkar, O. (1985). Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimensions: A Review and Synthesis. The Academy of Management Review,10 (3), 435-454
• Sartore-Baldwin, M.L. & Walker, M. (2011). The Process of Organizational Identity: What are the Roles of Social Responsiveness, Organizational Image, and Identification? Journal of Sport Management, 7, 489-505
• Skjørshammer, M. (2003). Anger Behaviour Among Professionals in A Norwegian Hospital: Antecedents and Consequences for Interprofessional Cooperation. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 17 (4), 377-388
• Somani, A. & Krishnan, V.R. (2004). Impact of Charismatic Leadership and Job Involvement on Corporate Image Building. Management & Labour Studies, 29 (1), 7-19
• Takase, M., Maude, P. & Manias, E. (2005). Nurses’ Job Dissatisfaction and Turnover Intention: Methodological Myths and An Alternative Approach. Nursing and Health Sciences, 7, 209-217
• Teismann, M.W. & Mosher, D.L. (1978). Jealous Conflict in Dating Couples. Psychological Reports, 42, 1211-1216
• Tett, R. & Meyer, J.P. (1993). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, and Turnover: Path Analysis Based on Meta-Analytic Findings. Personnel Psychology, 46 (2), 259-293
• Tripp, T.M., Bies, R.J., & Aquino, K. (2002). Poetic Justice or Petty Jealousy? The Aesthetics of Revenge. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 89 (1), 966-984
• Van Bogaert, P., Clarke, S., Roelant, E., Meulemans, H. & Van de Heyning, P. (2010). Impacts of Unit Level Nurse Practice Environment and Burnout on Nurse-Reported Outcomes: A Multilevel Modelling Approach. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 1664-1674
• Van der Heijden, B.I.J.M., Kümmerling, A., Van Dam, K., Van der Schoot, E., Estryn-Béhar, M. & Hasselhorn, H.M. (2010). The Impact of Social Support upon Intention to Leave Among Female Nurses in Europe: Secondary Analysis of Data from the Next Survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 434-445
• Vecchio, R.P. (2000). Negative Emotions in the Workplace: Employee Jealousy and Envy. International Journal of Stress Management, 7 (3), 161-179
• Vigoda-Gadot, E. & Ben-Zion, E. (2004). Bright Shining Stars: The Mediating Effect of Organizational Image on the Relationship Between Work Variables and Army Officers’ Intentions to Leave the Service for a Job in High-Tech Industry. Public Personnel Management, 33 (2), 201-223
• Walsh, J.P., Ashford, S.J. & Hill, T.E. (1985). Feedback Obstruction: The Influence of Information Environment on Employee Turnover Intentions. Human Relations, 38, 23-46. In: Ducharme, L.J., Knudsen, H.K. & Roman, P. M. (2008). Emotional Exhaustion and Turnover Intention in Human Service Occupations: The Protective Role of Coworker Support. Sociological Spectrum, 28, 81-104
• Yang, J., & Diefendorf, J.M. (2009). The Relations of Daily Counterproductive Workplace Behavior With Emotions, Situational Antecedents, and Personality Moderators: A Diary Study in Hong Kong. Personnel Psychology, 62 (2), 259-295
• Youngblood, S.A., Mobley, W.H. & Meglino, B.M. (1983). A Longitudinal Analysis of the Turnover Process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68 (3), 507-516