Farklı Yüzey Aktif Maddelerin Domatesin Gelişimine Etkileri

Öz

Herbisit, pestisit, deterjan ve sıvı/katı gübrelerde kullanılan yüzey aktif madde (YAM) tarımsal alanlara girerek kültür bitkilerinde birikim ve ürün üzerinde etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Birçok YAM genelde inert ve bitkiye toksik olmamakla birlikte kullanılan konsantrasyon çok önemlidir. Planlanan çalışma, anyonik, katyonik, ve iyonik olmayan YAM’lerin, domates bitkisinin (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) kuru ağırlığına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak serada kurulmuştur. Topraklara, 180 mg N kg-1 azotlu (Amonyum Nitrat, %26 N) ve 100 mg P kg-1 (Triple Süperfosfat, %42–44 P2O5) fosforlu gübre uygulanmıştır. Anyonik, katyonik ve iyonik olmayan YAM 0, 180, 360, 540 ve 720 mg kg-1 düzeylerinde fide dikiminden sonra uygulanmış ve 50. günde hasat yapılmıştır. Anyonik YAM bitki kuru ağırlığını azaltırken (P < 0.01), katyonik YAM artırmış (P < 0.05), iyonik olmayan YAM’ın etkisi ise önemli olmamıştır. Bitki kuru ağırlığındaki azalma kök bölgesinde besin maddesi alımındaki sıkıntılardan (anyonik YAM), kuru ağırlıktaki artış ise uygulama dozuna da bağlı olarak besin alımının desteklenmesinden (katyonik YAM) kaynaklanabilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anyonik, katyonik, iyonik olmayan yüzey aktif maddeler, domates (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), sera

The Effects of Different Surfactants on the Growth of Tomato Plant

Öz

The surfactants used in herbicide, pesticide, detergent and liquid/solid fertilizers accumulate on cultur plants and affect the products by reaching to the water sources and agricultural areas. Although many surfactants are inert and non-toxic against plants, used concentration is very important. The planned study was fulfilled for the purpose of determining the effects of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants on the dry weight of plant (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). The study was established according to randomized plots experiment design with three repetitions in greenhouse pots. Nitrogenous fertilizer, 180 mg N kg-1 (Ammonium Nitrate, 26% N) and phosphorus fertilizer, 100 mg P2O5 kg-1 (Triple Superphosphate, 42-44% P2O5) were applied. Anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants were applied in the concentration of 0, 180, 360, 540 and 720 mg kg-1 after planting seedlings in tomato. The plants were harvested on the 50. day. Anionic surfactants caused decreasing on the dry weight (P < 0.01) of plant while cationic surfactants caused increasing on the dry weight (P < 0.05) of plant. Nonionic surfactants did not importantly affect the dry weight of plant. It is considered that increases and decreases on the dry weight of plant occur due to the troubles on absorption of nutrients in the root zone (anionic surfactants) and the support of absorption of nutrients in the rhizosphere (cationic surfactants)

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anionic, cationic, nonionic surfactants, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), greenhouse

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