BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Farklı Yüzey Aktif Maddelerin Domatesin Gelişimine Etkileri

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 19 - 25, 10.09.2015

Öz

Herbisit, pestisit, deterjan ve sıvı/katı gübrelerde kullanılan yüzey aktif madde (YAM) tarımsal alanlara girerek kültür bitkilerinde birikim ve ürün üzerinde etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Birçok YAM genelde inert ve bitkiye toksik olmamakla birlikte kullanılan konsantrasyon çok önemlidir. Planlanan çalışma, anyonik, katyonik, ve iyonik olmayan YAM’lerin, domates bitkisinin (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) kuru ağırlığına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak serada kurulmuştur. Topraklara, 180 mg N kg-1 azotlu (Amonyum Nitrat, %26 N) ve 100 mg P kg-1 (Triple Süperfosfat, %42–44 P2O5) fosforlu gübre uygulanmıştır. Anyonik, katyonik ve iyonik olmayan YAM 0, 180, 360, 540 ve 720 mg kg-1 düzeylerinde fide dikiminden sonra uygulanmış ve 50. günde hasat yapılmıştır. Anyonik YAM bitki kuru ağırlığını azaltırken (P < 0.01), katyonik YAM artırmış (P < 0.05), iyonik olmayan YAM’ın etkisi ise önemli olmamıştır. Bitki kuru ağırlığındaki azalma kök bölgesinde besin maddesi alımındaki sıkıntılardan (anyonik YAM), kuru ağırlıktaki artış ise uygulama dozuna da bağlı olarak besin alımının desteklenmesinden (katyonik YAM) kaynaklanabilir

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, (1954). U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Agri. Handbook No:60, USDA
  • Bouyoucus, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal, 43; 434-438
  • Chemicalland21, (2014). Linear alkybenzene sulfonic acid. http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/ perchem/LAS.htm (Available: 02.04.2014)
  • Cross, J., Singer, E. J. (1994). Cationic Surfactants: Analytical and Biological Evaluation. ISBN 0-8247- 9177-0 (acid-free). Surfactants science series, 53. 32. Copyright by Marcel Dekker. Inc. 270 Madison Avenue. New York
  • Cserhati, T. E., Forgacs, E., Oros, G. (2002). Biological activity and environmental impact of anionic surfactants. Environ Inernational, 28(5); 337-48
  • Czarnota, M., Thomas, P. A. (2013). Using surfactants, wetting agents, and adjuvants in the greenhouse. http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_id=7678 (Available: 28.03.2014) Elementis
  • (Specialties), (2014). Nonionic surfactants. Alkyl polyglycol ethers.
  • http://www.elementisspecialties.com/esweb/esweb.nsf/pages/surfactants-nonionicsurfactants (Available: 03.04.2014)
  • Jackson, M. L. (1962). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood. Cliffs. New York, USA.
  • Li, Y., Chen, B., Chen, Z., Zhu, L. (2009). Surfactant effects on the affinity of plant cuticles with organic pollutants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(9); 3681-8
  • Liu, G., Ozores-Hampton, M., McAvoy, G., Hogue, B., Snodgrass, C. A. (2014). Application of surfactants in http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1230 (Available: 09.04.2014) production for water and nutrient management in sandy soil.
  • Martin, A. E., Reeve, R. (1955). A rapid manometric method for determining soil carbonate. Soil Sciences, 79; 187-197
  • Matthew, J. S., Jones, M. N. (2000). The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta–Biomembranes, 1508(1-2); 235-251
  • McFarland, M. L., Stichler, C., Lemon, R. G. (2005). Non-traditional soil additives: Can they improve crop production? Forages. Texas A&M University System AgriLife Extension College Station. TX: Texas– Agrilife–Extension-Service. http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/87827/pdf_934.pdf?sequence=1 10.04.2014) (Available:
  • Moura, M. A., Zaninand, S. R., Finger, F. L. (1997). Influence of ethephon and a surfactant on ripening of harvested tomato fruit. Hortscience, 32(3); 478
  • Olsen, S. R., Cole, V., Watanabe, F.S., Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Cir. 939. Washington
  • Peters, R. W., Montemagno, C. D., Shem, L. (1992). Surfactant screening of diesel-contaminated soil. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, 9; 113-133
  • Ray, J. W., Richardson, B., Vanner, A. L., Coker, G. (1999). Herbicide efficacy ın relation to herbicide rate, surfactant rate and spray application volume. http://www.nzpps.org/journal/52/nzpp_522230.pdf (Available:17.04.2014)
  • Renshaw, C. E., Zynda, G. D., Fountain, J. C. (1997). Permeability reductions induced by sorption of surfactants. Water Resources Research, 33; 371-378
  • Richards, L. A. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement Saline and Alkaline Soils. U. S. Dep. Agr. Handbook 60
  • Salager, J. L. (2002). Surfactants - Types and Uses. Venezuela: Laboratorio FIRP Escuela de Ingenieria Quimica
  • Shimi, P. (2000). Use of flamer as an herbicide replacement in potato fields. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 5; 41-44
  • Walkley, A., Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sciences, 37; 29-37
  • Yang, X. (2008). Effects of a nonionic surfactant on plant growth and physiology.PhD, Graduate Faculty of Auburn University. Auburn, Alabama
  • Zalewski, M., Lotkowska, I. W. (2004). Integrated Watershed Management - Ecohydrology & Phytotechnology–Manuel. Nations Environment Programme International Environmental Technology Centre, 2-110 Ryokuchi Koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 1091 Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu-City, Shiga

The Effects of Different Surfactants on the Growth of Tomato Plant

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 19 - 25, 10.09.2015

Öz

The surfactants used in herbicide, pesticide, detergent and liquid/solid fertilizers accumulate on cultur plants and affect the products by reaching to the water sources and agricultural areas. Although many surfactants are inert and non-toxic against plants, used concentration is very important. The planned study was fulfilled for the purpose of determining the effects of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants on the dry weight of plant (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). The study was established according to randomized plots experiment design with three repetitions in greenhouse pots. Nitrogenous fertilizer, 180 mg N kg-1 (Ammonium Nitrate, 26% N) and phosphorus fertilizer, 100 mg P2O5 kg-1 (Triple Superphosphate, 42-44% P2O5) were applied. Anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants were applied in the concentration of 0, 180, 360, 540 and 720 mg kg-1 after planting seedlings in tomato. The plants were harvested on the 50. day. Anionic surfactants caused decreasing on the dry weight (P < 0.01) of plant while cationic surfactants caused increasing on the dry weight (P < 0.05) of plant. Nonionic surfactants did not importantly affect the dry weight of plant. It is considered that increases and decreases on the dry weight of plant occur due to the troubles on absorption of nutrients in the root zone (anionic surfactants) and the support of absorption of nutrients in the rhizosphere (cationic surfactants)

Kaynakça

  • Anonim, (1954). U.S. Salinity Laboratory Staff. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils. Agri. Handbook No:60, USDA
  • Bouyoucus, G. J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal, 43; 434-438
  • Chemicalland21, (2014). Linear alkybenzene sulfonic acid. http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/ perchem/LAS.htm (Available: 02.04.2014)
  • Cross, J., Singer, E. J. (1994). Cationic Surfactants: Analytical and Biological Evaluation. ISBN 0-8247- 9177-0 (acid-free). Surfactants science series, 53. 32. Copyright by Marcel Dekker. Inc. 270 Madison Avenue. New York
  • Cserhati, T. E., Forgacs, E., Oros, G. (2002). Biological activity and environmental impact of anionic surfactants. Environ Inernational, 28(5); 337-48
  • Czarnota, M., Thomas, P. A. (2013). Using surfactants, wetting agents, and adjuvants in the greenhouse. http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_id=7678 (Available: 28.03.2014) Elementis
  • (Specialties), (2014). Nonionic surfactants. Alkyl polyglycol ethers.
  • http://www.elementisspecialties.com/esweb/esweb.nsf/pages/surfactants-nonionicsurfactants (Available: 03.04.2014)
  • Jackson, M. L. (1962). Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood. Cliffs. New York, USA.
  • Li, Y., Chen, B., Chen, Z., Zhu, L. (2009). Surfactant effects on the affinity of plant cuticles with organic pollutants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(9); 3681-8
  • Liu, G., Ozores-Hampton, M., McAvoy, G., Hogue, B., Snodgrass, C. A. (2014). Application of surfactants in http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1230 (Available: 09.04.2014) production for water and nutrient management in sandy soil.
  • Martin, A. E., Reeve, R. (1955). A rapid manometric method for determining soil carbonate. Soil Sciences, 79; 187-197
  • Matthew, J. S., Jones, M. N. (2000). The biodegradation of surfactants in the environment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta–Biomembranes, 1508(1-2); 235-251
  • McFarland, M. L., Stichler, C., Lemon, R. G. (2005). Non-traditional soil additives: Can they improve crop production? Forages. Texas A&M University System AgriLife Extension College Station. TX: Texas– Agrilife–Extension-Service. http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/87827/pdf_934.pdf?sequence=1 10.04.2014) (Available:
  • Moura, M. A., Zaninand, S. R., Finger, F. L. (1997). Influence of ethephon and a surfactant on ripening of harvested tomato fruit. Hortscience, 32(3); 478
  • Olsen, S. R., Cole, V., Watanabe, F.S., Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate. U. S. Dept. of Agr. Cir. 939. Washington
  • Peters, R. W., Montemagno, C. D., Shem, L. (1992). Surfactant screening of diesel-contaminated soil. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, 9; 113-133
  • Ray, J. W., Richardson, B., Vanner, A. L., Coker, G. (1999). Herbicide efficacy ın relation to herbicide rate, surfactant rate and spray application volume. http://www.nzpps.org/journal/52/nzpp_522230.pdf (Available:17.04.2014)
  • Renshaw, C. E., Zynda, G. D., Fountain, J. C. (1997). Permeability reductions induced by sorption of surfactants. Water Resources Research, 33; 371-378
  • Richards, L. A. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement Saline and Alkaline Soils. U. S. Dep. Agr. Handbook 60
  • Salager, J. L. (2002). Surfactants - Types and Uses. Venezuela: Laboratorio FIRP Escuela de Ingenieria Quimica
  • Shimi, P. (2000). Use of flamer as an herbicide replacement in potato fields. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 5; 41-44
  • Walkley, A., Black, I. A. (1934). An examination of degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sciences, 37; 29-37
  • Yang, X. (2008). Effects of a nonionic surfactant on plant growth and physiology.PhD, Graduate Faculty of Auburn University. Auburn, Alabama
  • Zalewski, M., Lotkowska, I. W. (2004). Integrated Watershed Management - Ecohydrology & Phytotechnology–Manuel. Nations Environment Programme International Environmental Technology Centre, 2-110 Ryokuchi Koen, Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 1091 Oroshimo-cho, Kusatsu-City, Shiga
Toplam 25 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA72SY83ZZ
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

İlknur Yurdakul Bu kişi benim

Kadriye Kalınbacak Bu kişi benim

İbrahim Gedikoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yurdakul, İ., Kalınbacak, K., & Gedikoğlu, İ. (2015). Farklı Yüzey Aktif Maddelerin Domatesin Gelişimine Etkileri. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 3(1), 19-25.