Araştırma Makalesi
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Nitrogen Contents and Nitrogen Accumulation Rates of Different Plant Parts of Wheat at Anthesis and Maturity Periods Under Normal and High Temperature Conditions

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 23 - 32, 01.01.2018

Öz

This research was established to evaluate differences in nitrogen contents of different wheat plant parts at anthesis and maturity periods under normal and high temperature conditions. Two temperature regimes was provided by sowing at two different times (normal wheat sowing time and quite late time to receive warmer conditions) and two different irrigation regimes was applied to distinguish the impact of drought from temperature. Our investigations showed that amount of nitrogen accumulated at flag leaf (at anthesis and maturity), lower leaves (at anthesis and maturity) lower stem (at anthesis and maturity), husk-awn-axis (at maturity), grains (at maturity) and spike (at pre-anthesis, post-anthesis and maturity) was maximum under high temperature conditions.

Maximum nitrogen content was at lower leaves both at anthesis and maturity. Minimum nitrogen content was at lower stem at anthesis and at flag leaf at maturity. If we compare different temperature regimes, nitrogen content was higher at high temperature and lower at normal temperature both for anthesis and maturity at all plant parts except lower stem at maturity. Nitrogen harvest index was reduced both by high temperature and irrigation. Amount of nitrogen at grains was maximum at high temperature- conditions. Nitrogen accumulation rateof whole plant was three times faster at pre-anthesis and two times faster at whole vegetation stage under high temperature regime compared to normal temperature regime.

Kaynakça

  • Bell, M. A., Fischer, R. A. (1994). Guide to plant and crop sampling: Measurements and observations for agronomic and physiological research in small grain cereals. CIMMYT.
  • Bhullar, S. S., Jenner, C. F. (1985). Differential responses to high temperatures of starch and nitrogen accumulation in the grain of four cultivars of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 12, 363–375.
  • Ehdaie, B., Waines, J. G. (2001). Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in bread and durum wheat. Field Crops Res. 73:47–61.
  • Green, C. F. (1984). Dry matter accumulation: a logical work for wheat husbandry. Arable Farming, 11: 26–30.
  • Hussain, M., Shabir, G., Farooq, M., Jabran, K., Farooq, S. (2012). Developmental and phenological responses of wheat to sowing dates. Pak. J. Agri. Sci, 49(4), 459-468.
  • Jamieson, P. D., Semenov, M. A. (2000). Modelling nitrogen uptake and redistribution in wheat. Field Crops Research, 68(1), 21-29.
  • Lobell, D. B., Sibley, A., Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I. (2012). Extreme heat effects on wheat senescence in India. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 186-189.
  • Meichen, F., Peng, C., Wude, Y., Chao, W. (2016). Effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrogen metabolism and kernel protein content of winter wheat. Crops, 3, 020.
  • Rane, J., Pannu, R. K., Sohu, V. S., Saini, R. S., Mishra, B., Shoran, J., Crossa, J., Vargas, M., Joshi, K. (2007). Performance of yield and stability of advanced wheat cultivar under heat stress environments of the indo-gangetic plains, Crop Sci., 47, 1561-1572.
  • Saint Pierre, C., Peterson, C. J., Ross, A. S., Ohm, J. B., Verhoeven, M. C., Larson, M., Hoefer, B. (2008). Winter wheat genotypes under different levels of nitrogen and water stress: Changes in grain protein composition. J. Cereal Sci. 47: 407-416.
  • Subedi, K. D., Ma, B. L., Xue, A. G. (2007). Planting date and nitrogen effects on grain yield and protein content of spring wheat. Crop science, 47(1), 36-44.
  • Tahir, I. S. A., Nakata, N. (2005). Remobilization of nitrogen and carbohydrate from stems of bread wheat in response to heat stress during grain filling. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 191:106–115.
  • Van Sanford, D. A., MacKown, C. T. (1986). Variation in nitrogen use efficiency among soft red winter wheat genotypes.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,72(2), 158-163.
  • Wilhelm, W.W. (1998). Dry matter partitioning and leaf area of winter wheat grown in a long term fallow tillage comparisons in US central great plains. Soil and Tillage Res.,49: 49–56.
  • Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T., Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed research, 14(6), 415-421.

Normal ve Yüksek Sıcaklık Koşulları Altında Buğday Bitkisinin Farklı Aksamlarının Çiçeklenme ve Olgunluktaki Azot İçeriği ve Azot Birikim Oranı

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 23 - 32, 01.01.2018

Öz

Bu araştırma, farklı buğday bitki parçalarının normal ve yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında çiçeklenme ve olgunlukta azot içeriğindeki farklılıkları ve değişimi değerlendirmek amacıyla kurulmuştur. İki farklı ekim zamanı (normal buğday ekim zamanı ve daha sıcak koşulların sağlanması için oldukça geç tarihte) ile iki sıcaklık rejimi sağlanmış ve kuraklığın etkisini sıcaklıktan ayırmak için iki farklı sulama rejimi uygulanmıştır. İncelemelerimiz göstermiştir ki bayrak yaprağında (çiçeklenme ve olgunlukta), alt yapraklarda (çiçeklenme ve olgunlukta), alt gövdede (çiçeklenme ve olgunlukta), kavuz-kılçık-eksende (olgunlukta), danede (olgunlukta), başakta (çiçeklenme öncesi, çiçeklenme sonrası ve olgunlukta) biriken azot miktarı yüksek sıcaklık koşullarında en yüksek olmuştur.

En yüksek azot içeriği hem çiçeklenme hem de olgunlukta alt yapraklarda bulunmuştur. En düşük azot içeriği çiçeklenmede alt sapta, olgunlukta bayrak yaprakta bulunmuştur. Farklı sıcaklık rejimleri karşılaştırıldığında azot içeriği hem çiçeklenmede hem olgunlukta yüksek sıcaklık rejiminde yüksek, normal sıcaklık rejiminde düşük bulunmuş fakat, olgunlukta alt sap istisna teşkil etmiştir. Azot hasat indeksi hem yüksek sıcaklık hem de sulama uygulamaları ile düşüş kaydetmiştir. Danenin azot içeriği yağışa dayalı yüksek sıcaklık rejiminde en yüksek bulunmuştur. Tüm bitkinin azot birikim hızı, normal sıcaklık rejimine kıyasla yüksek sıcaklık rejiminde, çiçeklenme öncesinde üç kat, tüm vejetasyon süresince iki kat daha hızlı olmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Bell, M. A., Fischer, R. A. (1994). Guide to plant and crop sampling: Measurements and observations for agronomic and physiological research in small grain cereals. CIMMYT.
  • Bhullar, S. S., Jenner, C. F. (1985). Differential responses to high temperatures of starch and nitrogen accumulation in the grain of four cultivars of wheat. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 12, 363–375.
  • Ehdaie, B., Waines, J. G. (2001). Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in bread and durum wheat. Field Crops Res. 73:47–61.
  • Green, C. F. (1984). Dry matter accumulation: a logical work for wheat husbandry. Arable Farming, 11: 26–30.
  • Hussain, M., Shabir, G., Farooq, M., Jabran, K., Farooq, S. (2012). Developmental and phenological responses of wheat to sowing dates. Pak. J. Agri. Sci, 49(4), 459-468.
  • Jamieson, P. D., Semenov, M. A. (2000). Modelling nitrogen uptake and redistribution in wheat. Field Crops Research, 68(1), 21-29.
  • Lobell, D. B., Sibley, A., Ortiz-Monasterio, J. I. (2012). Extreme heat effects on wheat senescence in India. Nature Climate Change, 2(3), 186-189.
  • Meichen, F., Peng, C., Wude, Y., Chao, W. (2016). Effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrogen metabolism and kernel protein content of winter wheat. Crops, 3, 020.
  • Rane, J., Pannu, R. K., Sohu, V. S., Saini, R. S., Mishra, B., Shoran, J., Crossa, J., Vargas, M., Joshi, K. (2007). Performance of yield and stability of advanced wheat cultivar under heat stress environments of the indo-gangetic plains, Crop Sci., 47, 1561-1572.
  • Saint Pierre, C., Peterson, C. J., Ross, A. S., Ohm, J. B., Verhoeven, M. C., Larson, M., Hoefer, B. (2008). Winter wheat genotypes under different levels of nitrogen and water stress: Changes in grain protein composition. J. Cereal Sci. 47: 407-416.
  • Subedi, K. D., Ma, B. L., Xue, A. G. (2007). Planting date and nitrogen effects on grain yield and protein content of spring wheat. Crop science, 47(1), 36-44.
  • Tahir, I. S. A., Nakata, N. (2005). Remobilization of nitrogen and carbohydrate from stems of bread wheat in response to heat stress during grain filling. J. Agron. Crop Sci., 191:106–115.
  • Van Sanford, D. A., MacKown, C. T. (1986). Variation in nitrogen use efficiency among soft red winter wheat genotypes.Theoretical and Applied Genetics,72(2), 158-163.
  • Wilhelm, W.W. (1998). Dry matter partitioning and leaf area of winter wheat grown in a long term fallow tillage comparisons in US central great plains. Soil and Tillage Res.,49: 49–56.
  • Zadoks, J. C., Chang, T. T., Konzak, C. F. (1974). A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed research, 14(6), 415-421.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Ugur Sevılmıs

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sevılmıs, U. (2018). Nitrogen Contents and Nitrogen Accumulation Rates of Different Plant Parts of Wheat at Anthesis and Maturity Periods Under Normal and High Temperature Conditions. Bahri Dağdaş Bitkisel Araştırma Dergisi, 6(2), 23-32.