Elma Ağaçları ve Çinko

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 327 - 335, 24.12.2020

Kadir Uçgun

Öz

Bitkiler için mutlak gerekli bir besin elementi olan çinko, meyve bahçelerinde eksikliğine en sık rastlanan elementlerden birisidir. Bu elementin toprak içerisinde hareket kabiliyeti sınırlı olup onun yarayışlılığını ve bitkiler tarafından alınımını pH, kireç, fosfor, silisyum ve organik madde gibi toprak özellikleri etkilemektedir. Ayrıca bitki bünyesine alınsa bile kök yüzeyinde, yaprak, sürgün ve gövdenin iletim demetlerinde çözünemez çinko fosfat şeklinde çökeldiğinden yarayışlılığı azalır. Elma ağaçlarında ileri derecede eksiklik belirtileri bir yıllık sürgünlerin ucundaki yapraklarda rozetleşme şeklinde kendini gösterir. Eksiklik şiddetinin belirlenmesinde yaprak analizlerinden faydalanılır. Yaprak analiz sonuçları değerlendirilirken özellikle yapraklarda P/Zn arasındaki orana dikkat edilmelidir. Eksiklik belirlenen elma bahçelerinde yeterli performansın elde edilmesi için mutlaka çinko gübrelemesi yapılmalıdır. Gübrelemede gerek çinko tuzları gerekse şelatlı çinkolar kullanılmaktadır. Tuz formunda olanlar dormant dönem ve hasat sonrasında kullanıldığı gibi şelat formunda olanlar yeşil aksam oluştuktan sonra uygulanır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çinko, elma, gübreleme, eksiklik, şelat

Apple Trees and Zinc

Öz

Zinc which is vital for plants is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in orchards. The mobility of this element in the soil is limited and its availability and absorption by plants are affected soil properties such as pH, lime, phosphorus, silicon and organic matter. Furthermore, even if it is absorbed into the plant structure, its usefulness is reduced because of precipitating in the form of insoluble zinc phosphate in the root surface, leaf, shoot and xylem. Severely deficient symptoms in apple trees manifest themselves as in rosette formation of leaves at the tip of one-year shoot. Leaf analysis is used to determine the level of deficiency. When evaluating leaf analysis results, attention should be paid to the ratio between P/Zn especially in the leaves. Zinc fertilization must be done in order to achieve adequate performance in apple orchards where deficiency is determined. Both zinc salts and chelated zincs are used in fertilization. While those in salt form are used at the dormant period and postharvest, those in the chelate form are applied after vegetation begins.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Zinc, apple, fertilizing, deficiency, chelate

Kaynakça

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