Ruminantlarda Fitoterapi Uygulamaları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 76 - 86, 17.06.2021

Kerim Emre Yanar Mustafa Sinan Aktaş

Öz

Dünya nüfusundaki hızlı artış, insanların gıda maddesi ihtiyacını da artırmıştır. Artan tüketimi karşılamak için hayvansal ve bitkisel üretimde artış sağlayan bir kısım kimyasal maddelerin ve ilaçların aşırı miktarlarda kontrolsüz bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlandığı gözlenmektedir. Söz konusu başta antibiyotikler olmak üzere, bir kısım ilaç ve kimyasalların gıdalardaki kalıntıları tüketicilerde gıda güvenirliliği konularında ciddi kaygılara neden olmaktadır. Organik üretim kavramı bu endişeleri gidermek üzere ortaya çıkmış olup, son yıllarda dünyada birçok ülkede organik hayvancılık hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Organik hayvancılıkta kimyasal sentezlenmiş veteriner tıbbi ürünler veya antibiyotiklerle ilgili yasal düzenlemeler alternatif tedavi yöntemleri bulmaya zorlamaktadır. Bu konuda, bitkisel preparatların beşeri ve veteriner hekimlikte hastalıkları önleyici ve hastalıkların etkilerini hafifletici olarak kullanılması olarak tanımlanabilen fitoterapi uygulamaları devreye girmektedir. Bu derlemede, ruminantlarda antiparaziter mücadele, ishal vakaları ve rumen fonksiyon bozukluklarında fitoterapinin kullanımı ile ilgili ayrıntılı bilgilerin sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organik hayvancılık, alternatif tedavi, antiparaziter mücadele, ishal, rumen fonksiyon bozuklukları

Phytotherapeutic Applications in Ruminants

Öz

Rapid growth in the world's population has increased people's need for foodstuffs. In order to meet the increasing consumption, it is observed that some chemicals and drugs that increase animal and plant production begin to be used uncontrollably in excessive quantities. The residues of some chemicals and drugs in foods, especially antibiotics, cause serious concerns about food reliability in consumers. The concept of organic production has emerged to eliminate these concerns, and in recent years, organic animal husbandry is rapidly becoming widespread in many countries around the world. Legal regulations regarding chemically synthesized veterinary medicinal products or antibiotics in organic livestock force us to find alternative treatment methods. In this regard, phytotherapy practices, which can be defined as the use of herbal preparations as preventive and mitigating the effects of diseases in human and veterinary medicine come into play. In this review, it is aimed to present detailed information about the use of phytotherapy in antiparasitic control in ruminants, diarrhea cases and rumen dysfunction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organic livestock, alternative treatment, antiparasitic combat, diarrhe, rumen dysfunctions

Kaynakça

• Abongwa, M., Martin, R. J., Robertson, A. P. (2017). A brief review on the mode of action of antinematodal drugs. Acta Veterinaria, 67(2), 137-152. DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0013.
• Acamovic, T., Brooker, J. (2005). Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 64(3), 403-412. DOI: 10.1079/PNS2005449.
• Aksakal, V., Karaalp, M., Bayram, B., Pehlivan, E., Öztürk, A. K., Dellal, G., Haşimoğlu, S. (2016). Organik hayvancılık geliştirme stratejileri: sorunlar-çözüm önerileri. Doğu Karadeniz II. Organik Tarım Kongresi, 06-09 Ekim 2015, 10-19, Rize.
• Anonim, (2010). T.C. Resmi Gazete. Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik. Tarih: 18.08.2010, Sayı: 27676, Ankara.
• Assis, L. M., Bevilaqua, C. M., Morais, S. M., Vieira, L. S., Costa, C. T., Souza, J. A. (2003). Ovicidal and larvicidal activity in vitro of Spigelia anthelmia Linn. extracts on Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology, 117(1-2), 43-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.07.021.
• Ayrle, H., Mevissen, M., Kaske, M., Nathues, H., Gruetzner, N., Melzig, M., Walkenhorst, M. (2016). Medicinal plants-prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review. BMC Veterinary Research, 12: 89. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0714-8.
• Bampidis, V. A., Christodoulou, V., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E. (2006). Effect of dried oregano leaves versus neomycin in treating new born calves with colibacillosis. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine, 53(3), 154-156. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00806.x.
• Bauri, R. K., Tigga, M. N., Kullu, S. S. (2015). A review on use of medicinal plants to control parasites. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 64(4), 268-277. http://op.niscair.res.in/index.php/IJNPR/article/view/8837.
• Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A. V., Fraser, G. R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, T. A., Beauchemin, K. A. (2008). A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145(1-4), 209-228. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.014.
• Bhalodia, N. R., Shukla, V. J. (2011). Antibacterial and antifungal activities from leaf extracts of Cassia fistula l.: An ethnomedicinal plant. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2(2), 104-109. DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.82956.
• Bonelli, F., Turini, L., Sarri, G., Serra, A., Buccioni, A., Mele, M. (2018). Oral administration of chestnut tannins to reduce the duration of neonatal calf diarrhea. BMC Veterinary Research, 14(1), 227. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1549-2.
• Broudiscou, L. P., Papon, Y., Broudiscou, A. F. (2000). Effects of dry plant extracts on fermentation and methanogenesis in continuous culture of rumen microbes. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 87(3-4), 263-277. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(00)00193-0.
• Bulut, G., Tuzlaci, E. (2013). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Turgutlu (Manisa-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149(3), 633-647. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.016.
• Bulut, G., Haznedaroglu, M. Z., Dogan, A., Koyu, H., Tuzlaci, E. (2017). An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Acipayam (Denizli-Turkey). Journal of Herbal Medicine, 10: 64-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed. 2017.08.001.
• Cabardo, D. E., Portugaliza, H. P. (2017). Anthelmintic activity of Moringa oleifera seed aqueous and ethanolic extracts against Haemonchus contortus eggs and third stage larvae. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine. 5(1), 30-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.02.001.
• Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P. W., Castillejos, L., Ferret, A. (2007). Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(6), 2580-2595. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-644.
• Canooğlu, E., Atatuş, Y., Bekyürek, T. (2010). Organik hayvancılıkta veteriner homeopati. Türkiye I. Organik Hayvancılık Kongresi, 1-4 Temmuz 2010, 324-330, Gümüşhane.
• Cedric, Y., Nadia, N. A. C., Payne, V. K., Bertrand, M. S., Romeo, N. G. (2021). Gastrointestinal nematodes among residents in Melong, Moungo Division, Littoral Region, Cameroon. Hindawi BioMed Research International, 5368973(2), 1-8. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5368973.
• Charlier, J., Rinaldi, L., Musella, V., Ploeger, H. W., Chartier, C., vd. (2020). Initial assessment of the economic burden of major parasitic helminth infections to the ruminant livestock industry in Europe. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 182: 105103. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105103.
• Cho, Y. I., Yoon, K. J. (2014). An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. Journal of Veterinary Science, 15(1), 1-17. DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.1.
• Craig, W. J. (1999). Health-promoting properties of common herbs. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(3), 491-499. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/70.3.491s.
• Cully, D. F., Vassilatis, D. K., Liu, K. K., Paress, P. S., Van der Ploeg, L. H. T., Schaeffer, J. M., Arena, J. P. (1994). Cloning of an avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel from Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature, 371: 707-711. https://www.nature.com/articles/371707a0.
• Da Silva, I. C., de Magalhaes, P. M., Sousa, I. M. O., Foglio, M. A., Leonardecz, E., Esteves, S. N., Chagas, A. C. S. (2017). Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia annua in sheep-model. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 11(7), 137-143. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR.
• Devi, B. N., Sharma, D., Kumar, Jeet, V. (2013). Morus alba Linn: a phytopharmacological review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5(Suppl 2), 14-18. DOI: 10.1007/springerreference_68974.
• Dorman, H. J. D., Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of applied microbiology, 88(2), 308-316. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x.
• Ertas, O. N., Guler, T., Çiftçi, M., Dalkılıç, B., Simsek, U. G. (2005). The effect of an essential oil mix derived from oregano, clove and anise on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(11), 879-884. DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2005.879.884.
• Fernandez, T. J. (2004). The potential of Tinospora rumphii as an anthelmintic against H. contortus in goats. https://www.vetwork.org.uk/pune13.html. Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2021.
• Foster, D. M., Smith, G. W. (2009). Pathophysiology of diarrhea in calves. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 25(1), 13-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.013.
• Frankič, T., Voljč, M., Salobir, J., Rezar, V. (2009). Use of herbs and spices and their extracts in animal nutrition. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 94(2), 95-102.
• Gathuma, J. M., Mbaria, J. M., Wanyama, J., Kaburia, H. F., Mpoke, L., Mwangi, J. N.; Samburu, T. H. (2004). Efficacy of Myrsine africana, Albizia anthelmintica and Hilderbrantia sepalosa herbal remedies against mixed natural sheep helminthosis in Samburu district, Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 91(1), 7-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.007.
• Giovanelli, F., Mattellini, M., Fichi, G., Flamini, G., Perrucci, S. (2018). In vitro anthelmintic activity of four plant-derived compounds against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Veterinary Sciences, 5(3), 78. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030078.
• Githiori, J. B., Hoglund, J., Waller, P. J., Baker, R. L. (2002). Anthelmintic activity of preparations derived from Myrsine africana and Rapanea melanophloeos against nematode parasite, Haemonchus contortus, of sheep. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 80(2-3), 187-191. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00030-2.
• Githiori, J. M., Hoglund, J., Waller, P. J., Baker, R. L. (2004). Evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as live dewormers against Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. Parasitology, 129(2), 245-253. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182004005566.
• Grela, E. R., Sembratowicz, L., Czech, A. (1998). Immunostimulatory effects of herbs. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 54(3), 152-158. http://www.medycynawet.edu.pl/images/stories/pdf/digital/1998/ 199803152159.pdf.
• Hajaji, S., Alimi, D., Jabri, M. A., Abuseir, S., Gharbi, M., Akkari, H. (2018). Anthelmintic activity of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) against Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Helminthology, 92(2), 168-177. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X17000396.
• Hutton, P., White, C. L., Durmic, Z. Vercoe, P. E. (2009). Eremophila glabra is an Australian plant that reduces lactic acid accumulation in an in vitro glucose challenge designed to simulate lactic acidosis in ruminants. Animal, 3(9), 1254-1263. DOI: 10.1017/S1751731109004789.
• Iqbal, Z., Lateef, M., Ashraf, M., Jabbar, A. (2004). Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia brevifolia in sheep. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93(2-3), 265-268. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.046.
• Kaya, S. (2009). Veteriner Farmakoloji- Cilt 1 (5. Baskı). Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
• Keleş, O., Ak, S., Bakırel, T., Alpınar, K. (2001). Türkiye’de yetişen bazı bitkilerin antibakteriyel etkisinin incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 25(4), 559-565.
• Kızılarslan, Ç., Özhatay, N. (2012). Wild plants used as medicinal purpose in the South part of İzmit (Northwest Turkey). Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(2), 199-218.
• Kim, E. T., Guan, L. L., Lee, S. J., Lee, S. M., Lee, S. S., Lee, I. D., Lee, S. K., Lee, S. S. (2015). Effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis, microbial populations and fermentation characteristics. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 28(4), 530-537. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0692.
• Kozan, E., Akkol, E. K., Süntar, I. (2016). Potential anthelmintic activity of Pelargonium endlicherianum Fenzl. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 187: 183-186. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.044.
• Li, S., Cui, D., Wang, S., Wang, H., Huang, M., Qi, Z., Liu, Y. (2015). Efficacy of an herbal granule as treatment option for neonatal Tibetan lamb diarrhea under field conditions. Livestock Science, 172: 79-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.11.010.
• Lima, F. W. M., Santos, R. B. D., Santos, L. C., Zacharias, F., David, J. M., David, J. P., López, J. A. (2016). Anthelmintic activity of Cratyliamollis leaves against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 17(4), 753-762. DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402016000400018.
• Maestrini, M., Tava, A., Mancini, S., Tedesco, D., Perrucci, S. (2020). In vitro anthelmintic activity of saponins from Medicago spp. against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Molecules, 25(2), 242. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020242.
• Marley, C. L., Cook, R., Keatinge, R., Barrett, J., Lampkin, N. H. (2003). The effect of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) on parasite intensities and performance of lambs naturally infected with helminth parasites. Veterinary Parasitology, 112(1-2), 147-55. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00412-0.
• Mbaria, J. M., Maitho, T. E., Mitema, E. S., Muchiri, D. J. (1998). Comparative efficacy of pyrethrum marc with albendazole against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 30(1), 17-22. DOI: 10.1023/a:1005005208588.
• Meenakshisundaram, A., Harikrishnan, T. J., Anna, T. (2016). Anthelmintic activity of Indigofera tinctoria against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Veterinary World, 9(1), 101-106. DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.101-106.
• Muktar, Y., Mamo, G., Tesfaye, B., Belina, D. (2015). A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 7(5), 173-185. DOI: 10.5897/JVMAH2014.0351.
• Mussarat, S., Amber, R., Tariq, A., Adnan, M., AbdElsalam, N. M., Ullah, R., Bibi, R. (2014). Ethnopharmacological assessment of medicinal plants used against livestock infections by the people living around Indus River. BioMed Research International, 616858. DOI: 10.1155/2014/616858.
• Offiah, N. V., Makama, S., Elisha, L., Makoshi, M. S., Gotep, J. G., Dawurung, C. J., Oladipo, O. O., Lohlum, A. S., Shamaki, D. (2011). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the treatment of animal diarrhoea in Plateau State, Nigeria. BMC Veterinary Research, 7(36). DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-7-36.
• Oliveira Santos, F., Ponce Morais Cerqueira, A., Branco, A., José Moreira Batatinha, M., Borges Botura, M. (2019). Anthelmintic activity of plants against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: a review. Parasitology, 146(10), 1233-1246. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182019000672.
• Onyeyili, P. A., Amin, J. D., Gambo, H. I., Nwosu, C. O., Jibike, G. I. (2001). Toxicity and anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic stem bark extract of Nauclea latifolia. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 22(1): 74-82.
• Palombo, E. A. (2006). Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhoea: modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phytotherapy Research: PTR, 20(9), 717-724. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1907.
• Paolini, V., Fouraste, I., Hoste, H. (2004). In vitro effects of three woody plant and sainfoin extracts on 3rd-stage larvae and adult worms of three gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitology, 129(1), 69-77. DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004005268.
• Pessoa, L. M., Morais, S. M., Bevilaqua, C. M., Luciano, J. H. (2002). Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. and eugenol against Haemonchus contortus. Veterinary Parasitology, 109(1-2), 59-63. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00253-4.
• Righi, F., Grandi, G., Manuelian, C. L., Pitino, R., De Marchic, M. (2019). Natural antiparasitics in organic livestock. WP4-Livestock. Organic-PLUS Factsheet 002/2019-01. https://organicplusnet.files. wordpress.com/2019/02/6-natural-atiparasitics-factsheet.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2021.
• Russo, R., Autore, G., Severino, L. (2009). Pharmaco-toxicological aspects of herbal drugs used in domestic animals. Natural Product Communications, 4(12), 1777-1784. DOI: 10.1177/1934578X0900401230.
• Saddiqe, Z., Khalid, S., Maimoona, A. (2019). In vitro anthelmintic activity of extracts of withania somnifera. Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Pakistan, 1(1), 89-97. http://jnasp.kinnaird.edu.pk/.
• Santoso, B., Mwenya, B., Sar, C., Takahashi, J. (2006). Ruminal fermentation and nitrogen metabolism in sheep fed a silage-based diet supplemented with Yucca schidigera or Y. schidigera and nisin. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 129(3-4), 187-195 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.001.
• Saravanan, P., Ramya, V., Sridhar, H., Balamurugan, V., Umamaheswari, S. (2010). Antibacterial activity of Allium sativum L. on pathogenic bacterial strains. Global Veterinaria, 4(5) 519-522.
• Sivakumaran, S., Molan, A. L., Meagher, L. P., Kolb, B., Foo, L. Y., Lane, G. A., Attwood, G. A., Fraser, K., Tavendale, M. (2004). Variation in antimicrobial action of proanthocyanidins from Dorycnium rectum against rumen bacteria. Phytochemistry, 65(17), 2485-2497. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.046.
• Soares, A., Oliveira, J., Rocha, C. Q., Ferreira, A., Perales, J., Zanatta, A. C., Vilegas, W., Silva, C. R., Costa-Junior, L. M. (2018). Myracrodruon urundeuva seed exudates proteome and anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus. Plos One, 13(7), e0200848. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200848.
• Taçbaş, E., Baydan, E. (2018). Organik hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde hastalıkların sağaltımında kullanılabilecek maddeler. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 58(2), 117-122.
• Teke, G. N., Kuiate, J. R., Ngouateu, O. B., Gatsing, A. D. (2007). Antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activities of Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112(2), 278-283. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.007.
• Tölü, C., Akbağ, H. I., Yurtman, İ. Y., Savaş, T. (2020). Türkiye’de Organik Hayvancılık: Felsefe ve Uygulama. Hayvansal Üretim, 61(1), 73-81. DOI: 10.29185/hayuretim. 675699.
• Tuzlaci, E., Tolon, E. (2000). Turkish folk medicinal plants, part III: Şile (Istanbul). Fitoterapia, 71(6), 673-685. DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00234-3.
• Ünlü, H. B. (2011). Kekik ve sarımsak uçucu yağlarının buzağılarda performans, bazı dışkı ve kan parametrelerine etkileri. (Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Ünlü, H. B., Erkek R., Özdoğan M., Mert S. (2013). Buzağı beslemede doğal yem katkı maddelerinin kullanımı. Hayvansal Üretim, 54(2), 36-42.
• Yaman, İ., Taşçı, F. (2019). Hayvansal gıdalarda antibiyotik kalıntısı ve halk sağlığı açısından önemi. VIII. Ulusal, II. Uluslararası Veteriner Gıda Hijyeni Kongresi, 24-27 Ekim 2019, 1-3, Antalya.
• Zein-Eldin, M. M., Ghanem, M. M., El-Raof, A. Y., ElAttar, H. M., El-Khaiat, H. M. (2014). Clinical, haematobiochemical and ruminal changes during the onset and recovery of induced lactic acidosis in sheep. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 30(4), 647-659. DOI: 10.2298/BAH1404647Z.