ORIGIN OF KAZAKH NAME, FORMATION AND ACTIVITIES OF KAZAKH PEOPLE AND KHANATE (UNTIL XVI. CENTURY)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 16 - 27, 31.12.2019

Orhan Doğan

Öz

In this study, the discussions about the origin of the word Kazakh will
be evaluated and the role of the Kazakh people on the stage of history will be
put forward. Study “Introduction” examines the etymology of Kazakh word and the
emergence of Kazakh people Establishment of the Kazakh Khanate, which deals
with the political activities of the Kazakhs, and 16th An Overview of the
Political Activities of the Khanate until the 18th Century ”. The basis of the
study is the existing survey works on Kazakhs and Kazakh Khanate in Turkish and
Russian history literature.

The views on the origin of the word Kazakh show that the word refers to
a way of life. In this way of life, there are people who do not recognize
authority and wander warrior characters. In this respect, the first use of the
word has no political or ethnic meaning. Gaining political and ethnic meaning
of Kazakh word 15th Century, it seems to be related to the developments in the
Uzbek Khanate. After Abu Khayr Khan founded the Uzbek Khanate, some Turkish
tribes did not recognize his power. These tribes were named as Kazakhs and 15th
They separated from the Uzbek Khanate in the second half of the century. This
event is also regarded as the establishment of the Kazakh Khanate. In the early
stages of the Kazakh Khanate, the khans tried to expand their area of
domination and began to struggle with the Uzbek Khanate. This struggle was made
in order to dominate the steppe. The word Kazakh is a Turkish word and it means
homeless or homeless. However, although they have different meanings in the
history literature, they do not have a common meaning. When examined, the
difference in meaning varies according to periods or geography. Although the
word “Kazakh  has no political or ethnic
meaning, in general; it means a rambling person who has to break up with his
own people or tribe or to live an adventurous life.

As for the emergence of the Kazakh people; it is not possible to give a
definite date for the departure of the people to the stage of history. The
reason for this is the absence of chronicles and inscriptions about the Kazakh
people. Therefore, there are doubts about the reliability of the information
provided about the origin of the Kazakh people. When this is the case, the
information about the Kazakh people is mostly obtained from the tribes they are
in contact with. There is not enough information about the history of the
Kazakh people until the first quarter of the 18th century.

The Kazakh people were formed as a result of the unification of the old
tribes and communities settled in the Kazakh territory. The most important of
these communities are as follows. Uysunlar, Kanglar, Kıpçaklar, Dulatlar,
Argınlar et al. In 1219–1221 the Kazakh lands were invaded by the Mongols. The
Mongol invasion has negated the production of the country and brought the
Kazakh armies back hundreds of years. During the period when the Mongols
invaded the Kazakh armies, some nomadic Mongol tribes remained in the Kazakh
territory. For Turkish-speaking local people, these tribes remained minority.
This has slowed down the process of the Kazakh population as a community.
However, in time these Mongols accepted the language and culture of the local
people and melted among the Kazakhs. This has slowed down the process of the
Kazakh population as a community.

We can see information about the early period of the Kazakh Khanate only
in the works of Muslim writers. Sources containing information about their
political activities were tried to be discussed separately in our study. The
sources refer to Urus Khan, the ancestor of the Kazakh Khanate, as a Uzbek
ruler”. The Uzbek nation now covers much of Kazakhstan, and the entire nomadic
population of the nation is called Uzbek. Again, there is no definite
information about the origin and meaning of the word of Uzbek. However, we
tried to determine the possibilities in our study.

The most striking development of political activity is that Abu-Hayr,
who has dominated power for 40 years, is in a long and relentless war with the
Chuchis descendants who are trying to seize power of the Uzbek nation. In 1465,
the Kazakh community of 200 thousand people soon became a Kazakh union of 1
million with the participation of other Turkish tribes and Mongolian tribes
such as Nayman, Calayır and Duglat. The beginning of their own history of the
Kazakh, Turk, Mongol, Uru and tribes after the separation. As a result, a new
era was opened in the relations between the descendants of Urus Khan and Ebu’l
Hayr Khan from the beginning of the 16th century and political and economic
reasons that made it more ruthless and unacceptable in the struggle to seize
dominance in the steppe.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kazakh, The Kazakh Khanate, The Uzbek Khanate, Ebu’l Hayr Han

KAZAK ADININ MENŞEİ, KAZAK HALKININ VE HANLIĞI’NIN OLUŞUMU VE FAALİYETLERİ (XVI. YÜZYILA KADAR)

Öz

Bu
çalışmada Kazak kelimesinin kökenine dair yapılan tartışmalar değerlendirilerek
Kazakların tarih sahnesine çıkışları ve tarihte oynamış oldukları rol ortaya
konulacaktır. Çalışmanın temelini Türk ve Rus tarih literatüründe Kazakları ve
Kazak Hanlığı’nı konu alan mevcut tetkik eserler oluşturmaktadır. Bunların yanı
sıra Kazaklara ilişkin Rusça yayınlanmış olan Rus arşiv belgelerine de müracaat
edilmiştir.

Kazak
kelimesinin kökenine dair ortaya atılan görüşler kelimenin bir yaşam şeklini
ifade ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu yaşam şeklinde otorite tanımayan ve başıboş
gezen savaşçı karakterlere sahip insanlar söz konusudur. Bu açıdan kelimenin
ilk kullanımında siyasi ve etnik bir anlam bulunmamaktadır. Kazak kelimesinin
siyasi ve etnik bir anlam kazanması XV. yüzyılda Özbek Hanlığı’nda yaşanan
gelişmelerle alakalı görünmektedir. Ebu’l-Hayır Han’ın Özbek Hanlığı’nı
kurmasına müteakip bazı Türk boyları onun iktidarını tanımamışlardır. Bu boylar
Kazak olarak isimlendirilmişler ve XV. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Özbek
Hanlığı’ndan ayrılmışlardır. Bu hadise aynı zamanda Kazak Hanlığı’nın da
kuruluşu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kazak Hanlığı’nın ilk dönemlerinde hanlar
hâkimiyet sahalarını genişletmek için çabalamışlar ve Özbek Hanlığı ile
mücadeleye girişmişlerdir. Bu mücadele esasında bozkıra egemen olmak adına
yapılmıştır.   

Çalışma,
Kazak kelimesinin etimolojisinin ve kazak halkının ortaya çıkışının incelendiği
“Giriş” bölümü ile Kazakların siyasi faaliyetlerini konu alan “Kazak
Hanlığı’nın Kuruluşu ve XVI. Yüzyıla Kadar Hanlığın Siyasi Faaliyetlerine Genel
Bir Bakış” başlıklarından oluşan iki bölümden oluşmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kazak, Kazak Hanlığı, Özbek Hanlığı, Ebu'l Hayr Han

Kaynakça

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