Türkçe İngilizce iki dilliler arasında baskın dil incelemesi: ABD’deki Ahıska Türklerinin durumu

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 75, 61 - 82, 01.06.2023

Erol Sakallı

https://doi.org/10.32925/tday.2023.95

Öz

Günümüzde on farklı ülkede yaşamlarını devam ettiren Ahıska Türkleri, tarihte yaşanan çeşitli olaylar sebebiyle çeşitli zamanlarda yaşadıkları toprakları terk etmek ve yeni yerlere göç etmek zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu kimi zaman zorunlu, kimi zaman da gönüllü göçler neticesinde de doğal olarak farklı kültürlerle ve farklı dil/lehçelerle karşılaşmışlardır. Farklı kültür ve dil/lehçelere uyum sağlamak zorunda kalan Ahıska Türklerinin bir kısmı ise bugün ABD’de yaşamaktadırlar. On yılı aşkın bir zamandır ABD’de yaşayan Ahıska Türkleri, burada da hem kültürel hem de dilsel olarak yaşama uyum sağlamışlardır. Daha önceki deneyimleri ile zaten birden fazla dile ya da lehçeye hâkim olan Ahıska Türkleri burada da İngilizce öğrenmişler iki dilli/ çok dilli olmuşlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ABD’de yaşayan Ahıska Türkleri arasında baskın iki dillilik düzeylerini ölçmektir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Ohio eyaletinde yaşayan 125 Ahıska Türk’ü (nkadın = 42 ve nerkek = 83) bu çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada verileri elde etmek için İki Dillilik Dil Profili ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında analiz edilmiş ve bulgulara göre eğitim düzeyi, çalışma durumu, yaş, dil kullanımı, dil becerisi ve dil tutumlarının baskın dil konusunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar iki dillilik, çok dillilik, baskın dil üzerine mevcut alan yazını çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve Ahıska Türkleri için çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İki Dillilik, Baskın Dil, İki Dillilik Dil Profili, Ahıska Türkleri, Dilsel Uyum, ABD.

An assessment of language dominance among Turkish-English bilinguals: The case of the Ahıska Turks in the Us

Öz

Today living in ten different countries, the Ahıska Turks have had to leave their lands and immigrate to different places. As a consequence of these migrations they did compulsorily or sometimes voluntarily as in the case of their migration to the US, they have encountered different cultures and languages/dialects. Some of the Ahıska Turks, today, live in the US. Since they have been living in the US for more than a decade, they have adjusted to the way of life in the US culturally and linguistically alike. Thanks to their previous experiences, they have learned English and become bilingual/multilingual. The aim of this study was to measure the language dominance among the Ahıska Turks. 125 Ahıska Turks (nfemale = 42 and nmale = 83), living in the United States of America, Ohio, consisted of the sample of the survey. The Bilingual Language Profile was employed to measure the language dominance and the SPSS was used to analyze the data obtained. According to the findings, the level of education, employment, age, language use, language proficiency, and language attitude of the participants were significant for the dominant language. The results were discussed within the framework of the existing literature on language dominance and suggestions for the Ahıska Turks living in the United States of America were put forward.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilingualism, Language Dominance, Bilingual Language Profile, Ahıska Turks, Linguistic Integration, USA

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