An Empirical Evaluation on the Relationship between Adequate Country Status in Personal Data Transfer and Foreign Direct Investment

Yıl 2024, , 251 - 274, 29.02.2024

Nadire Çoruhlu Kamalıoğlu , Pelin Varol İyidoğan

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1409015

Öz

Digital transformation has not only increased the value of digital data, but also brought privacy violations and national security threats that may occur with cross-border transfer of personal data. This situation has paved the way for both countries and regional organizations to create protective legal regulations. On the other side, foreign direct investments, which are made through companies (MNCs) operating in more than one country due to their structure, are among the actors that most in need the international circulation of digital data. Therefore, it is thought that FDI and cross-border transfer of personal data cannot be independent of each other. With the European General Data Protection Regulation adopted in 2016, the European Union has determined the most general procedures and principles in ensuring the transfer and security of personal data, and has begun to declare countries that meet these requirements as adequate countries. In this study, whether there is a relationship between being an adequate country in satisfying data security and foreign direct investments (FDI) was analyzed with a dynamic panel data model with a data set consisting of data from 65 countries and the years between 2010-2020. As a result of this analysis, it is seen that effect of the variable of being adequate country status in satisfying data security in accordance with EU standards on FDI inflows was statistically significant and positive, in line with expectations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Foreign Direct Investments, Personal Data Protection, Cross-Border Data Flow, Adequate Country

Kişisel Veri Transferinde Güvenli Ülke Statüsü ve Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme

Öz

Dijital dönüşüm, dijital verilerin değerini artırmakla kalmamış, kişisel verilerin sınır ötesi transferiyle yaşanabilecek mahremiyet ihlallerini ve ulusal güvenlik tehditlerini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu durum gerek ülkelerin gerekse bölgesel örgütlerin koruyucu yasal düzenlemeler oluşturmalarına da zemin hazırlamıştır. Diğer taraftan, yapıları gereği birden çok ülkede faaliyet gösteren şirketler (ÇUŞ) aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ise dijital verilerin uluslararası dolaşımına en fazla ihtiyaç duyan aktörlerdendir. Dolayısıyla DYY ile kişisel verilerin sınır ötesi aktarımının birbirinden bağımsız olamayacağı düşünülmektedir. Avrupa Birliği, 2016 yılında kabul ettiği Avrupa Genel Veri Koruma Tüzüğü ile kişisel verilerin transferi ve güvenliğinin sağlanmasında en genel usul ve esasları belirlemiş, bu gerekleri yerine getiren ülkeleri de güvenli ülke olarak ilan etmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, veri güvenliğini sağlamada güvenli ülke statüsünde olma ile doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY) arasında bir ilişkinin mevcut olup olmadığı 65 ülke ve 2010-2020 yıllarına ait verilerden oluşan bir veri seti ile dinamik panel veri modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, kişisel veri güvenliğinin sağlanmasında AB standartlarına uygun güvenli ülke statüsünde olma değişkeninin DYY girişleri üzerindeki etkisinin beklentilerle aynı doğrultuda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Kişisel Verileri Koruma, Sınır Ötesi Veri Akışı, Güvenli Ülke

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