Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi

Mehmet Ali Demir; Gülferah Ertürkmen

doi:10.25229/beta.1840850

EN TR

The Impact of Financial Development and Green Energy on Environmental Sustainability: Panel Data Analysis on OECD countries

Öz

Using data from 2002 to 2021, the study aims to reveal the relative environmental sensitivity of financial development (FinDI) with renewable energy (REC) on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Load Capacity Factor (LCF) in 21 OECD countries. The analysis was conducted using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator, as well as second-generation unit root, and cointegration tests. The results demonstrate the existence of cointegration among the variables. The results obtained from the AMG estimator indicate that the effects of REC and FinDI on EKC and LCF are not statistically significant across the entire panel, demonstrating the validity of the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis and the U-shaped LCF hypothesis. Country-specific results reveal that the effects of income, renewable energy, and financial development variables on EF and LCF vary in terms of the nature of the relationship, effect size, and significance level. In addition, a bidirectional causal relationship has been demonstrated between GDP and REC, excluding LCF and FinDI, and the dependent variables (EF and LCF).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial Development, Renewable Energy, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Load Capacity Factor

Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

2002-2021 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanarak, 21 OECD ülkesinde yenilenebilir enerjiyle (REC) birlikte finansal gelişmenin (FinDI) Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) ve Yük Kapasite Faktörü (LCF) üzerindeki göreceli çevresel duyarlılığını ortaya koymayı amaçlayan çalışma, Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG) tahmincisinin yanısıra ikinci nesil birim kök ve eşbütünleşme testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşmenin varlığını kanıtlamaktadır. AMG tahmincisinden elde edilen sonuçlar, tüm panelde REC ile FinDI’nın EKC ve LCF üzerindeki etkilerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık kazanmadığını, EKC hipotezinin ters U, LCF hipotezinin U şeklindeki geçerliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ülkelere özgü sonuçlar, gelir, yenilenebilir enerji ve finansal gelişme değişkenlerinin EKC ve LCF üzerindeki etkisinin, ilişkinin niteliği, etki büyüklüğü ve önem düzeyi açısından farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte, LCF ile FinDI hariç bağımlı değişkenler (EF ve LCF) ile GDP ve REC arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal Gelişme, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi, Yük Kapasite Faktörü

Kaynakça

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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Panel Veri Analizi , Çevre Ekonomisi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Mehmet Ali Demir ^*
0000-0003-0992-347X
Türkiye

Gülferah Ertürkmen
0000-0003-2239-0241
Türkiye

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

24 Haziran 2026

Yayımlanma Tarihi

28 Haziran 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

12 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

7 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1840850

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA78EK76AJ

APA

Demir, M. A., & Ertürkmen, G. (2026). Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 11(2), 1193-1229. https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1840850

AMA

1.Demir MA, Ertürkmen G. Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. beta. 2026;11(2):1193-1229. doi:10.25229/beta.1840850

Chicago

Demir, Mehmet Ali, ve Gülferah Ertürkmen. 2026. “Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi”. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis 11 (2): 1193-1229. https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1840850.

EndNote

Demir MA, Ertürkmen G (01 Haziran 2026) Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis 11 2 1193–1229.

IEEE

[1]M. A. Demir ve G. Ertürkmen, “Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi”, beta, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 1193–1229, Haz. 2026, doi: 10.25229/beta.1840850.

ISNAD

Demir, Mehmet Ali - Ertürkmen, Gülferah. “Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi”. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis 11/2 (01 Haziran 2026): 1193-1229. https://doi.org/10.25229/beta.1840850.

JAMA

1.Demir MA, Ertürkmen G. Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. beta. 2026;11:1193–1229.

MLA

Demir, Mehmet Ali, ve Gülferah Ertürkmen. “Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi”. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, c. 11, sy 2, Haziran 2026, ss. 1193-29, doi:10.25229/beta.1840850.

Vancouver

1.Mehmet Ali Demir, Gülferah Ertürkmen. Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. beta. 01 Haziran 2026;11(2):1193-229. doi:10.25229/beta.1840850

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The Impact of Financial Development and Green Energy on Environmental Sustainability: Panel Data Analysis on OECD countries

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Çevresel Sürdürülebilirlikte Finansal Gelişme ve Yeşil Enerjinin Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi

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