GANA'DA FİNANSAL KATILIMI ARTIRMADA ÇEŞİTLİ POLİTİKA GİRİŞİMLERİNİN ROLÜ ANALİZİ

Öz

Finansal katılım kavramı, Dünya Bankası ve Uluslararası Para Fonu gibi küresel çok taraflı kuruluşların yanı sıra dünya çapındaki diğer kalkınma ortaklarının da dikkatini çekti. Finansal katılımın öne çıkan önemli noktaları, yaşlılar, kadınlar, göçmenler ve Engelli Kişiler (PWD) gibi savunmasız gruplar arasında resmi finansal hizmetlere erişim ve bu hizmetlerden yararlanma fırsatları yaratarak kaliteli finansmana nispeten daha ucuz bir maliyetle engelsiz erişim sağlamaktır. ). Toplumun bu kesimlerini cezbetmeye yönelik sağlam politikaların uygulamaya konulmasına rağmen, insanların çoğunluğu hâlâ resmi finansmana erişimde zorluk yaşıyor. Bu makale, 2023 yılı sonuna kadar resmi hesabı olan yetişkinlerin sayısında önerilen %85'lik bir artış elde etmek için Gana hükümeti tarafından benimsenen iki kritik politika girişimini analiz etti. Gana toplumunun önemli bir kesimi olan Kırsal Bankalar, teminatların sınırlı olması nedeniyle krediye erişimde zorluk yaşamaya devam ediyor. Cinsiyet, eğitim, coğrafi konum ve uygun kimlik/adres eksikliği, insanların Gana'daki finansal sisteme dahil olmasını engelleyebilecek önemli engellerdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal Katılım
• Mobil Para
• Kırsal Bankacılık
• Gana

ANALYZING THE ROLE OF VARIOUS POLICY INITIATIVES IN ENHANCING FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN GHANA

Öz

The concept of financial inclusion has caught the attention of global multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, and International Monetary Fund, as well as other developmental partners across the globe. The key highlights of financial inclusion are to provide unimpeded access to quality finance at a relatively cheaper cost by way of creating opportunities for access and usage of formal financial services among vulnerable groups such as the aged, women, immigrants, and People with Disability (PWD). Despite the introduction of sound policies to attract these segments of society, the majority of people still have difficulties accessing formal finance. This paper analyzed two critical policy initiatives adopted by the government of Ghana to achieve a proposed 85% increment in the number of adults with formal accounts by the end of 2023. We found out that despite improved account penetration levels driven by the mobile money platforms and Rural Banks, a significant level of Ghanaian society continues to struggle to access credit due to the limited availability of collaterals. While gender, education, geographical location, and absence of proper ID/address were crucial barriers that could inhibit people from getting included in the financial system in Ghana.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial Inclusion
• Mobile Money
• Rural Banking
• Ghana

Kaynakça

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