THE ROLE OF DIASPORAS IN TECHNOLOGY POLICIES AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE INDUSTRIES: BRAZIL, CHINA, INDIA AND TURKEY CASES

Öz

Nationalist approach in promotion of technological production is seen in general as oppose to techno-globalisation. However, techno-nationalism has shown a change in the process of transforming into an information economy, as well, and turned into neo-techno-nationalism. Neo-techno-nationalism is an approach which encourages benefiting from the opportunities provided by globalisation to the highest extent possible, promotion of public-private partnerships, and utilizing the Diaspora in global competition as an effective factor. In this study, theoretical background of the concepts of techno-nationalism, techno-globalisation and neo-techno-nationalism will be given in a comparative way with their historical development processes, and, by taking into account increasing significance of networks in the world economy, the concept of Diasporas as a tool of neo-techno-nationalist policies and its contribution to the development of national software industries will be examined. Policy choices and Diasporas of newly emerging economies with strong software industries like Brazil, China and India will be investigated in the following part and their experience in utilizing Diasporas in the field of software industry to achieve global competitiveness will be analyzed. Turkish Diaspora will also be studied in this section. In the last part, following a review of general findings obtained in the study, proposals on how Turkey can utilize Turkish Diaspora in development of software industry will be provided.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Technology Policies
• Software Industry
• Diasporas

TEKNOLOJİ POLİTİKALARINDA DİASPORALARIN YERİ VE YAZILIM ENDÜSTRİSİNİN GELİŞİMİNE ETKİLERİ: BREZİLYA, ÇİN, HİNDİSTAN VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Teknoloji üretiminin teşvik edilmesinde milliyetçi yaklaşım genellikle tekno-küreselleşmenin karşıtı olarak lanse edilmektedir. Ancak, bilgi ekonomisinde dönüşüm surecinde tekno-milliyetçilik te değişim geçirmiş ve yerini neo-tekno-milliyetçiliğe bırakmıştır. Neo-tekno-milliyetçilik ise küreselleşmenin sunduğu fırsatlardan azami düzeyde faydalanan, kamu-özel kesim işbirliğini öne çıkartan, küresel rekabette diasporaları aktif olarak değerlendiren yaklaşımı ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, teknoloji politikalarında tekno-milliyetçilik, tekno-küreselleşme ve neo-tekno-milliyetçilik yaklaşımları kuramsal olarak ortaya konularak birbirleri arasındaki farklar ve gelişim süreçleri irdelenecek, küreselleşen dünya ekonomisinde ağ yapıların (networks) giderek önem kazanması, bu bağlamda neo-tekno-milliyetçi politikaların bir aracı olarak diasporalar ve kısaca diasporaların ulusal yazılım endüstrilerinin gelişimine olan etkilerine değinilecektir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerden yazılım alanında ön plana çıkan Brezilya, Çin ve Hindistan'ın politika tercihleri ve diaspora pozisyonları incelenecek, yazılım alanında küresel rekabet gücü için diasporalarından nasıl ve hangi düzeyde faydalandıkları analiz edilecektir. Bu bölümde, ayrıca, yurtdışında Türk diasporasının varlığı tartışılacaktır. Son bölümde, çalışma kapsamında elde edilen genel bulgular özetlenerek, Türkiye için Türk diasporasından yazılım endüstrisinin gelişiminde nasıl yararlanılabileceğine ilişkin öneriler getirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• TEKNOLOJİ
• POLİTİKALARINDA
• DİASPORALARIN

Kaynakça

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