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COMPETITION AND REFORM IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 59 - 67, 01.12.2013

Öz

It is now all but axiomatic that universities are central to the knowledge economy. Universities educate and train knowledge workers; in many countries, they are also responsible for carrying out much of the research that can contribute to the production of new knowledge. In keeping with the growing recognition of universities as institutions central to the knowledge economy, their reform has been pursued as a matter of high priority in many countries. Yet as this paper points out, there has been no rigorously formulated paradigms guiding recent higher education reforms. Though increasing the “competitiveness” of universities has been the catchphrase guiding reforms in many countries, what effects increasing competition is actually likely to have on universities—especially over the long term—has seldom been systematically examined, except by way of analogy to the effects of competition on business corporations or in the form of projections based on anecdotal evidence and guesswork. This paper attempts to sketch a typology of the effects of competition on universities, based on theoretical modeling and long-term historical analysis, especially of the competitive higher education system of the United States. It argues that competition does not necessarily have the same effects on universities as on business corporations, and in fact has been known to lead to surprising, even paradoxical results. Understanding such differences and paradoxes, in turn, is likely to lead to better informed debates on higher education reform, and may help avoid costly mistakes and disappointments

Kaynakça

  • Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) (2012). Retrieved from http://www.arwu.org
  • Altbach, P. (2004). Costs and benefits of world-class universities.Academe, 90. Retrieved from http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubres/academe/2004/JF/Feat/altb.htm
  • Altbach, P., Berdahl, R.O., &Gumport, P.J. (2005).American higher education in the twenty-first century: Social, political, and economic challenges. 2nd ed. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins
  • Altbach, P. &Salmi, J. (2011).The road to academic excellence: The making of world-class research universities. Washington, D.C.: World Bank
  • Bok, D. (1986). Higher learning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
  • Boorstin, D. J. (1967).Universities in the republic of letters.Perspectives in American History, 1, 369-379
  • Brewer, D. J., Gates, S. M., & Goldman, C. A. (2002). In pursuit of prestige: Strategy and competition in U.S. higher education. New Brunswick: Transaction
  • Carnegie Foundation (2012).Basic classification tables. Retrieved from http:// www.carnegiefoundation.org
  • Chang, D. and Park, C. (2011, May 10). Professor’s presidency criticized. The Tech, p. 1
  • Codling, A. & Meek, V. L. (2006).Twelve propositions on diversity in higher education.Higher Education Management and Policy, 18 (3), 1-16
  • Dupree, A. H. (1986). Science in the federal government: A history of policies and activities.
  • Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins
  • Friedman, T. L. (2007). The world is flat: Abrief history of the twenty-first century.Release 3.0. New York: Picador
  • Geiger, R. L. &Sá, C. M.(2008).Tapping the riches of science: Universities and the promise of economic growth.Cambridge, MA: Harvard
  • Graham, H. D. &Diamond, N. (1997) Therise of American research universities: Elites and challengers in the postwar era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
  • Kerr, C. (1994). Higher education cannot escape history: Issues for the twenty-first century. Albany: SUNY
  • Pak, M. (2010).The entrepreneurial university: The American model and its relevance for the global science and technology parks movement.Proceedings of 27th IASP World Conference on Science and Technology Park
  • Pak, M. (2000).Academia Americana: The transformation of a prestige system. Harvard University. (doctoraldissertation).
  • Salmi, J. (2009).The challenge of establishing world-class universities. Washington, D.C.: World Bank
  • Thelin, J. R.(2004). A history of American higher education.Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins
  • Veblen, T. (1918).Higher learning in America:Amemorandum on the conduct of universities by business men. New York: B. W. Huebsch
  • Zamiska, N. (2007, May 1). As it struggles to change, school mirrors Korea’s woes. The Wall Street Journal, p. A1

COMPETITION AND REFORM IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 59 - 67, 01.12.2013

Öz

It is now all but axiomatic that universities are central to the knowledge economy. Universities educate and train
knowledge workers; in many countries, they are also responsible for carrying out much of the research that can
contribute to the production of new knowledge. In keeping with the growing recognition of universities as
institutions central to the knowledge economy, their reform has been pursued as a matter of high priority in many
countries. Yet as this paper points out, there has been no rigorously formulated paradigms guiding recent higher
education reforms. Though increasing the “competitiveness” of universities has been the catchphrase guiding
reforms in many countries, what effects increasing competition is actually likely to have on universities—
especially over the long term—has seldom been systematically examined, except by way of analogy to the
effects of competition on business corporations or in the form of projections based on anecdotal evidence and
guesswork. This paper attempts to sketch a typology of the effects of competition on universities, based on
theoretical modeling and long-term historical analysis, especially of the competitive higher education system of
the United States. It argues that competition does not necessarily have the same effects on universities as on
business corporations, and in fact has been known to lead to surprising, even paradoxical results. Understanding
such differences and paradoxes, in turn, is likely to lead to better informed debates on higher education reform,
and may help avoid costly mistakes and disappointments.

Kaynakça

  • Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) (2012). Retrieved from http://www.arwu.org
  • Altbach, P. (2004). Costs and benefits of world-class universities.Academe, 90. Retrieved from http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubres/academe/2004/JF/Feat/altb.htm
  • Altbach, P., Berdahl, R.O., &Gumport, P.J. (2005).American higher education in the twenty-first century: Social, political, and economic challenges. 2nd ed. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins
  • Altbach, P. &Salmi, J. (2011).The road to academic excellence: The making of world-class research universities. Washington, D.C.: World Bank
  • Bok, D. (1986). Higher learning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
  • Boorstin, D. J. (1967).Universities in the republic of letters.Perspectives in American History, 1, 369-379
  • Brewer, D. J., Gates, S. M., & Goldman, C. A. (2002). In pursuit of prestige: Strategy and competition in U.S. higher education. New Brunswick: Transaction
  • Carnegie Foundation (2012).Basic classification tables. Retrieved from http:// www.carnegiefoundation.org
  • Chang, D. and Park, C. (2011, May 10). Professor’s presidency criticized. The Tech, p. 1
  • Codling, A. & Meek, V. L. (2006).Twelve propositions on diversity in higher education.Higher Education Management and Policy, 18 (3), 1-16
  • Dupree, A. H. (1986). Science in the federal government: A history of policies and activities.
  • Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins
  • Friedman, T. L. (2007). The world is flat: Abrief history of the twenty-first century.Release 3.0. New York: Picador
  • Geiger, R. L. &Sá, C. M.(2008).Tapping the riches of science: Universities and the promise of economic growth.Cambridge, MA: Harvard
  • Graham, H. D. &Diamond, N. (1997) Therise of American research universities: Elites and challengers in the postwar era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
  • Kerr, C. (1994). Higher education cannot escape history: Issues for the twenty-first century. Albany: SUNY
  • Pak, M. (2010).The entrepreneurial university: The American model and its relevance for the global science and technology parks movement.Proceedings of 27th IASP World Conference on Science and Technology Park
  • Pak, M. (2000).Academia Americana: The transformation of a prestige system. Harvard University. (doctoraldissertation).
  • Salmi, J. (2009).The challenge of establishing world-class universities. Washington, D.C.: World Bank
  • Thelin, J. R.(2004). A history of American higher education.Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins
  • Veblen, T. (1918).Higher learning in America:Amemorandum on the conduct of universities by business men. New York: B. W. Huebsch
  • Zamiska, N. (2007, May 1). As it struggles to change, school mirrors Korea’s woes. The Wall Street Journal, p. A1
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Michael S. Pak Bu kişi benim

Michael S. Pak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Pak, M. S., & Pak, M. S. (2013). COMPETITION AND REFORM IN HIGHER EDUCATION. Bilgi Ekonomisi Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 8(2), 59-67.