Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

THE GLOBAL RETIREMENT CRISIS IN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 111 - 125, 01.12.2008

Öz

The contemporary world experiences the retirement crisis. One of the important issues is the public pension systems in the 21st century. After the industrial revolution, public pension systems were established by many different countries. Since its inception, they have played an important role to protect the elderly population. Moreover, they have sustained this role in industrial and postindustrial societies. On the other hand, demographic transformation has begun since the 1960s. As a result of the transformation, the elderly population grew all over the world. Aging affects virtually all societies today, but more so the industrial countries, which have generally been experiencing for a longer period. In this study, we examine the reasons of the global retirement crisis for both developed and developing countries. Later, we explore the effects of the aging population on public pension systems in the world. Then we review other factors about the crisis. In addition, we discuss new alternatives against the crisis. Moreover, we examine the results of some observations and projections that focus on demographic change and future of pension systems in the world.

Kaynakça

  • Armando Barrientos (1996), “Pension Reform and Pension Coverage in Chile: Lessons for Other Countries,” Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol.15, No. 3.
  • Barry Bosworth., Gary Burtless, “Social Security Reform in A Global Context,” Conference Series 41 Social Security Reform: Links to Saving, Investment, and Growth, Federal Reserve Bank, Boston- June 1997.
  • Charles Zastrow (2000), Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Seventh Edition, The United States.
  • Cary S. Kart (1997), The Realities of Aging, Allyn Bacon, Fifth Edition, The United States.
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, Aging, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9171/aging, Accessed April 2008.
  • Gerard F. Anderson., Peter Sotir Hussey (2000), “Population Aging: A Comparison Among Industrialized Countries, Health Affairs, and May/June.
  • Global Action on Aging, www.globalaging.org, Accessed March 2008.
  • International Labor Office (2001), Social Security A New Consensus, Geneva.
  • James William Coleman., Donald R. Cressey (1999), Social Problems, Longman, Seventh Edition, The United States.
  • Kenneth J. Neubeck, Mary Alice Neubeck (1997), Social Problems, WCB/ McGraw Hill, Fourth Edition, The United States.
  • Margaret S. Gordon (1963), The Economics of Welfare Policies, Columbia University Press, The United States.
  • Martin Feldstein (2005), “Rethinking Social Insurance,” The American Economic Review, Vol.95, No.1, pp.1-24.
  • Mıtchell A. Orenstein (2005), “The New Pension Reform as Global Policy,” Global Social Policy, Vol 5.
  • Nancy Hooyman., H. Asuman Kiyak (1999), Social Gerontology, Allyn and Bacon, 5th Edition, The United States.
  • OECD (2002), Fiscal Implications of Ageing: Projections of Age-Related Spending, Economics Department Working Papers No: 305.
  • P.A. Diamond and P.R. Orszag (2005). “Saving Social Security,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No.2, pp. 11-32.
  • Population and Development Review (2004), “Alan Greenspan on the Economic Implications of Population Aging,” Vol. 30, No.4, pp. 779-783.
  • Robert C. Atchley (1991), Social Forces and Aging, Wadsworth Publishing Company, California.
  • Robert K. Triest (1997), “Social Security Reform: An Overview,” Conference Series 41, Social Security Reform: Links to Saving, Investment, and Growth, Federal Reserve Bank, Boston.
  • Social Security Administration USA, A Brief History,
  • http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/2007historybooklet.pdf, Accessed June 2008.
  • Tuncay Guloglu and Gokhan Guder (2007), “Poverty and Income Inequality in Turkey: Toward Acession to European Union,” Rethinking Turkey EU Relations, Edit. Kenan Dagci and Gul Tugba Dagci, MV Wıssenschaft, Germany.
  • United Nations, Population Divisions, Date Retrieval, P http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm, Accessed, May 2008.
  • United Nation, Human Development Report 2007/2008. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf, Accessed March 2008.
  • Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page, Accessed 30 March 2008.

THE GLOBAL RETIREMENT CRISIS IN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 111 - 125, 01.12.2008

Öz

The contemporary world experiences the retirement crisis. One of the important issues is the
public pension systems in the 21st century. After the industrial revolution, public pension
systems were established by many different countries. Since its inception, they have played an
important role to protect the elderly population. Moreover, they have sustained this role in
industrial and postindustrial societies. On the other hand, demographic transformation has
begun since the 1960s. As a result of the transformation, the elderly population grew all over
the world. Aging affects virtually all societies today, but more so the industrial countries,
which have generally been experiencing for a longer period.
In this study, we examine the reasons of the global retirement crisis for both developed and
developing countries. Later, we explore the effects of the aging population on public
pension systems in the world. Then we review other factors about the crisis. In addition, we
discuss new alternatives against the crisis. Moreover, we examine the results of some
observations and projections that focus on demographic change and future of pension systems
in the world.  

Kaynakça

  • Armando Barrientos (1996), “Pension Reform and Pension Coverage in Chile: Lessons for Other Countries,” Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol.15, No. 3.
  • Barry Bosworth., Gary Burtless, “Social Security Reform in A Global Context,” Conference Series 41 Social Security Reform: Links to Saving, Investment, and Growth, Federal Reserve Bank, Boston- June 1997.
  • Charles Zastrow (2000), Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Seventh Edition, The United States.
  • Cary S. Kart (1997), The Realities of Aging, Allyn Bacon, Fifth Edition, The United States.
  • Encyclopedia Britannica, Aging, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9171/aging, Accessed April 2008.
  • Gerard F. Anderson., Peter Sotir Hussey (2000), “Population Aging: A Comparison Among Industrialized Countries, Health Affairs, and May/June.
  • Global Action on Aging, www.globalaging.org, Accessed March 2008.
  • International Labor Office (2001), Social Security A New Consensus, Geneva.
  • James William Coleman., Donald R. Cressey (1999), Social Problems, Longman, Seventh Edition, The United States.
  • Kenneth J. Neubeck, Mary Alice Neubeck (1997), Social Problems, WCB/ McGraw Hill, Fourth Edition, The United States.
  • Margaret S. Gordon (1963), The Economics of Welfare Policies, Columbia University Press, The United States.
  • Martin Feldstein (2005), “Rethinking Social Insurance,” The American Economic Review, Vol.95, No.1, pp.1-24.
  • Mıtchell A. Orenstein (2005), “The New Pension Reform as Global Policy,” Global Social Policy, Vol 5.
  • Nancy Hooyman., H. Asuman Kiyak (1999), Social Gerontology, Allyn and Bacon, 5th Edition, The United States.
  • OECD (2002), Fiscal Implications of Ageing: Projections of Age-Related Spending, Economics Department Working Papers No: 305.
  • P.A. Diamond and P.R. Orszag (2005). “Saving Social Security,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No.2, pp. 11-32.
  • Population and Development Review (2004), “Alan Greenspan on the Economic Implications of Population Aging,” Vol. 30, No.4, pp. 779-783.
  • Robert C. Atchley (1991), Social Forces and Aging, Wadsworth Publishing Company, California.
  • Robert K. Triest (1997), “Social Security Reform: An Overview,” Conference Series 41, Social Security Reform: Links to Saving, Investment, and Growth, Federal Reserve Bank, Boston.
  • Social Security Administration USA, A Brief History,
  • http://www.ssa.gov/history/pdf/2007historybooklet.pdf, Accessed June 2008.
  • Tuncay Guloglu and Gokhan Guder (2007), “Poverty and Income Inequality in Turkey: Toward Acession to European Union,” Rethinking Turkey EU Relations, Edit. Kenan Dagci and Gul Tugba Dagci, MV Wıssenschaft, Germany.
  • United Nations, Population Divisions, Date Retrieval, P http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm, Accessed, May 2008.
  • United Nation, Human Development Report 2007/2008. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf, Accessed March 2008.
  • Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page, Accessed 30 March 2008.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yrd. Doç. Dr.tuncay Güloğlu Bu kişi benim

Yrd. Doç. Dr.ibrahim G. Yumuşak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2008
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2008 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güloğlu, Y. D. D., & Yumuşak, Y. D. D. G. (2008). THE GLOBAL RETIREMENT CRISIS IN KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY. Bilgi Ekonomisi Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 3(2), 111-125.