Historical Overview from Commodity Chains to Global Value Chains

Abstract

Chain studies, which first emerged as Commodity Chains in the 1970s, have evolved and changed over the next 40 years, accumulating a significant literature in the field of international trade and international production. Looking at the history of chain studies, three main approaches have emerged and are generally accepted. The first approach is the world systems approach, which takes a macro and long-term historical approach; the second is the Global Commodity Chains (GCC) approach, which was developed in the context of institutional sociology and comparative development studies; and the last approach is the Global Value Chains (GVC) approach, which has similarities with GVCs but also shows significant differences, especially in terms of transaction cost economics. This paper discusses the conceptual evolution from Commodity Chains to the Global Value Chains of the 2000s.

Keywords

• Chain Studies
• Global Value Chains
• Global Commodity Chains
• Commodity Chains

Meta Zincirlerinden Küresel Değer Zİncirlerine Tarihsel Bakış

Öz

İlk olarak 1970’lerde meta zincirleri olarak ortaya çıkan zincir çalışmaları sonraki 40 yılda gelişerek ve değişerek uluslararası ticaret ve uluslararası üretim alanında önemli olmuştur. Zincir çalışmalarının tarihine bakıldığında genel kabul görmüş üç temel yaklaşım ortaya çıkmıştır. Birinci yaklaşım makro boyutta ve uzun dönemli tarihsel bir yaklaşım ile ele alan dünya sistemleri, ikinci yaklaşım, kurumsal sosyoloji ve karşılaştırmalı kalkınma alanında çalışmalar yapan araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Küresel Meta Zincirleri (KMZ) ve üçüncü yaklaşım, KMZ ile benzerlikleri bulunan ancak özellikle işlem maliyeti ekonomisi açısından önemli farklılıklar da gösteren Küresel Değer Zincirleri (KDZ) yaklaşımlarıdır. Bu çalışmada Meta Zincirleri kavramından 2000li yılların Küresel Değer Zincirleri kavramına kadar olan süreçteki kavramsal değişimi ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zincir Çalışmaları
• Küresel Değer Zincirleri (KDZ)
• Küresel Meta Zincirleri (KMZ)
• Meta Zincirleri

Kaynakça

1. Appelbaum, Richard P., David Smith ve Brad Christerson. (1994). Commodity Chain and Industrial Restructuring in the Pacific Rim: Garment Trade and Manufacturing, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (187-204). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
2. Arrighi Giovanni ve Jessica Drangel. (1986). The Stratification of the World-Economy: An Exploration of the Semiperipheral Zone: Review X, 1, Research Foundation of SUNY, 9-74.
3. Bair, Jennifer. (2005). Global Capitalism and Commodity Chains: Looking Back, Going Forward: Competition & Change, 9(2), 153-180. https://doi.org/10.1179/102452905X45382
4. Bair, Jennifer (Ed.). (2009). Global Commodity Chains, Genealogy and Review. California: Stanford University Press.
5. Baldwin, Richard E. ve Philippe Martin (1999). Two Waves of Globalization: Superficial Similarities, Fundamental Differences: NBER Working Paper Series No.6904, Cambridge MA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6904
6. Borrus, Michael, Dieter Ernst ve Stephan Haggard. (2000). International Production Networks in Asia, Rivalry or riches?, Routledge, London.
7. Brown, Steve, Bessant, John ve Lamming, Richard. (2013). Strategic Operations Management, Oxon, Routledge.
8. Cardosa, Fernando Henrique ve Enzo Faletto. (1979). Dependency and Development in Latin America. Marjory Mattingly Urquido (çev.). Berkeley: University of California Press.

9. Chen, Xiangming. (1994). “the New Spatial Division of Labor and Commodity Chains in the Greater South China Economic Region”, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (163-165). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
10. Cohen, Stephen S. ve John Zysman. (1987). Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, New York, Basic Books, Inc., Publishers.
11. De Backer, Koen ve Sebastien Miroudot. (2013). Mapping Global Value Chains. OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 159. Paris: OECD Publishing.
12. Ernst, Dieter. (2002). Global Production Networks and the Changing Geography of Innovation Sytems. Implications for Developing Countries: Econ. Innov. Techn., 11(6), 497-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590214341
13. Fine, Ben. (2002). The world of consumption: the material and cultural revisited, London; New York: Routledge.
14. Frank, Andre Gunder. (1969). Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution. 2nd Printing. London: Monthly Review Press.
15. Friedland, William H. (1984). Commodity systems analysis: an approach to the sociology of agriculture: Research in rural sociology and development, Research in rural sociology and development(1): 221-235.
16. Furtado, Celso. (1970). Economic Development of Latin America. Suzette Macedo (çev.). London: Cambridge University Press.
17. Gereffi, Gary ve Karina Fernandez-Stark. (2011). Global value chain analysis: A Primer, Duke: Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness at the Social Science Institute, Second Edition.
18. Gereffi, Gary ve Miguel Korzeniewicz. (1994). Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, ABD: Greenwood Publishing Group.
19. Gereffi, Gary (1989). Rethinking Development Theory: Insights from East Asia and Latin America. Sociological Forum, 4(4), 505–533. http://www.jstor.org/stable/684423
20. Gereffi, Gary. (1983). The Pharmaceutical Industry and Development in the Third World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
21. Henderson, J., Dicken, P., Hess, M., Coe, N., & Yeung, H. W.-C. (2002). Global Production Networks and the Analysis of Economic Development. Review of International Political Economy, 9(3), 436–464. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177430
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28. Neilson, J. (2014). Value chains, neoliberalism and development practice: The Indonesian experience. Review of International Political Economy, 21(1), 38–69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24673064
29. Newman, Susan. (2015). Küresel Meta Zinvirleri ve Küresel Değer Zincirleri, Gürler Burak (çev.), Fine, Ben ve saad Filho, Alfredo (Ed.) Marksist İktisat Klavuzu (231-239), Ankara: Dipnot yayınları.
30. Özveren, Eyüp. (1994). The Shipbuilding Commodity Chains, 1590-1790, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (20-33). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
31. Pelizzon, Sheila. (1994). The Grain Flour Commodity Chain, 1590-1790, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (34-47). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
32. Porter, Michael E. (1998). Competititve Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: Free Press.
33. Rabach, Eileen ve Eun Mee Kim. (1994). Where is the chain in Commodity Chains? The Service Sector Nexus, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (123-142). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
34. Schoenberger, Erica. (1994). Competition, Time, and Space in Industrial Change, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (51-66). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
35. Sturgeon, Timothy. (2009). From Commodity Chains to Value Chains, Interdisciplinary Theory Building in an Age of Globalization, Jennifer Bair (Ed.), Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research (110-135). California: Stanforf University Press.
36. Wallerstein, Immanuel. (2011). Dünya Sistemleri Analizi, Bir Giriş, Ender Abaoğlu ve Nuri Ersoy (çev.), İstanbul: BGST.
37. Wallerstein, Immanuel. (2009). Production Networks and Commodity Chains in the Capitalist World-Economy, Jennifer Bair (Ed.), Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research (83-89), California: Standford University Press.
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40. Arrighi Giovanni ve Jessica Drangel. (1986). The Stratification of the World-Economy: An Exploration of the Semiperipheral Zone: Review X, 1, Research Foundation of SUNY, 9-74.
41. Bair, Jennifer. (2005). Global Capitalism and Commodity Chains: Looking Back, Going Forward: Competition & Change, 9(2), 153-180. https://doi.org/10.1179/102452905X45382
42. Bair, Jennifer (Ed.). (2009). Global Commodity Chains, Genealogy and Review. California: Stanford University Press.
43. Baldwin, Richard E. ve Philippe Martin (1999). Two Waves of Globalization: Superficial Similarities, Fundamental Differences: NBER Working Paper Series No.6904, Cambridge MA. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6904 Borrus, Michael, Dieter Ernst ve Stephan Haggard. (2000). International Production Networks in Asia, Rivalry or riches?, Routledge, London.
44. Brown, Steve, Bessant, John ve Lamming, Richard. (2013). Strategic Operations Management, Oxon, Routledge.
45. Cardosa, Fernando Henrique ve Enzo Faletto. (1979). Dependency and Development in Latin America. Marjory Mattingly Urquido (çev.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
46. Chen, Xiangming. (1994). “the New Spatial Division of Labor and Commodity Chains in the Greater South China Economic Region”, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (163-165). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
47. Cohen, Stephen S. ve John Zysman. (1987). Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, New York, Basic Books, Inc., Publishers.
48. De Backer, Koen ve Sebastien Miroudot. (2013). Mapping Global Value Chains. OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 159. Paris: OECD Publishing.
49. Ernst, Dieter. (2002). Global Production Networks and the Changing Geography of Innovation Sytems. Implications for Developing Countries: Econ. Innov. Techn., 11(6), 497-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438590214341
50. Fine, Ben. (2002). The world of consumption: the material and cultural revisited, London; New York: Routledge.
51. Frank, Andre Gunder. (1969). Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution. 2nd Printing. London: Monthly Review Press.
52. Friedland, William H. (1984). Commodity systems analysis: an approach to the sociology of agriculture: Research in rural sociology and development, Research in rural sociology and development(1): 221-235.
53. Furtado, Celso. (1970). Economic Development of Latin America. Suzette Macedo (çev.). London: Cambridge University Press.
54. Gereffi, Gary ve Karina Fernandez-Stark. (2011). Global value chain analysis: A Primer, Duke: Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness at the Social Science Institute, Second Edition.
55. Gereffi, Gary ve Miguel Korzeniewicz. (1994). Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, ABD: Greenwood Publishing Group.
56. Gereffi, Gary (1989). Rethinking Development Theory: Insights from East Asia and Latin America. Sociological Forum, 4(4), 505–533. http://www.jstor.org/stable/684423
57. Gereffi, Gary. (1983). The Pharmaceutical Industry and Development in the Third World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
58. Henderson, J., Dicken, P., Hess, M., Coe, N., & Yeung, H. W.-C. (2002). Global Production Networks and the Analysis of Economic Development. Review of International Political Economy, 9(3), 436–464. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177430
59. Hess, M., & Coe, N. M. (2006). Making Connections: Global Production Networks, Standards, and Embeddedness in the Mobile-Telecommunications Industry. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 38(7), 1205-1227. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38168
60. Hopkins, Terence K. Ve Immanuel Wallerstein. (1994). Commodity Chains: Construct and Research”, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (17-20). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
61. Hopkins, T. K., & Wallerstein, I. (1977). Patterns of Development of the Modern World-System. Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 1(2), 111–145. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40240765
62. Jackson, Peter, Neil Ward ve Polly Russell. (2006). Mobilising the commodity chain concept in the politics of food and farming: Journal of Rural Studies, 22(2), ss. 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2005.08.008.
63. Mayer, Frederick, Gary Gereffi. (2010). Regulation and Economic Globalization: Prospects and Limits of Private Governance: Business and Politics. 12(3), ss.3-4. https://doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1325.
64. Milberg, William. (2004). The changing structure of trade linked to global production systems: What are the policy implications?: International Labour Review, 143(1-2), ss.45-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1564-913X.2004.tb00546.x
65. Neilson, J. (2014). Value chains, neoliberalism and development practice: The Indonesian experience. Review of International Political Economy, 21(1), 38–69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24673064
66. Newman, Susan. (2015). Küresel Meta Zinvirleri ve Küresel Değer Zincirleri, Gürler Burak (çev.), Fine, Ben ve saad Filho, Alfredo (Ed.) Marksist İktisat Klavuzu (231-239), Ankara: Dipnot yayınları.
67. Özveren, Eyüp. (1994). The Shipbuilding Commodity Chains, 1590-1790, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (20-33). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
68. Pelizzon, Sheila. (1994). The Grain Flour Commodity Chain, 1590-1790, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (34-47). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
69. Porter, Michael E. (1998). Competititve Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: Free Press.
70. Rabach, Eileen ve Eun Mee Kim. (1994). Where is the chain in Commodity Chains? The Service Sector Nexus, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (123-142). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
71. Schoenberger, Erica. (1994). Competition, Time, and Space in Industrial Change, Gary Gereffi ve Miguel Korzeniewicz (Ed.), Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism (51-66). ABD, Greenwood Publishing Group.
72. Sturgeon, Timothy. (2009). From Commodity Chains to Value Chains, Interdisciplinary Theory Building in an Age of Globalization, Jennifer Bair (Ed.), Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research (110-135). California: Stanforf University Press.
73. Wallerstein, Immanuel. (2011). Dünya Sistemleri Analizi, Bir Giriş, Ender Abaoğlu ve Nuri Ersoy (çev.), İstanbul: BGST.
74. Wallerstein, Immanuel. (2009). Production Networks and Commodity Chains in the Capitalist World-Economy, Jennifer Bair (Ed.), Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research (83-89), California: Standford University Press.
75. World Trade Organization. (2014) “World Trade Report 2014”