Filistinli Arapların Sultan II. Abdülhamid Döneminde ve Sonrasında Yahudi Siyonistlere Yönelik Tutumları

Yıl 2023, , 199 - 212, 31.12.2023

Murat Gökmen

https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1208967

Öz

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Beytülmakdis'teki yönetiminin sona ermesi, tarihte yeni bir dönemin başlamasına neden olmuş ve kutsal topraklarda yüzyıllardır devam eden barış atmosferi sona ermiştir. Bu çalışma, özellikle İngiliz işgali altındaki Filistin'de yaşayan Filistinli Arapların, Yahudi Siyonist yerleşimine karşı tutumlarına odaklanmaktadır. Filistinlilerle Yahudi Siyonistler arasındaki ilişkilere dair iki farklı görüş bulunmaktadır. Bazı akademisyenler, Arap Müslümanların Yahudi Siyonistlere karşı pasif ve itaatkâr olduklarını, tepkisel bir tutum sergilemediklerini hatta topraklarını kendi istekleriyle satarak büyük kârlar elde ettiklerini savunmaktadır. Ancak bu iddiaya karşın, kanıtlar Filistinli Arapların Filistin'deki Siyonist yerleşim hareketleri ve toprak satın alma faaliyetlerinin kısıtlanması sürecinde Osmanlılara yardım ve destek verdiklerini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Filistinli Arap Müslümanların, Siyonist Yahudilere karşı direnişlerini farklı yollarla ortaya koyarak, yayılmacı Siyonist hareketin tehlikesini başlangıçtan itibaren anladıklarını savunmaktadır. Araplar, Siyonist akını durdurmak için elinden geleni yapmış ve bu sayede İngiliz mandasının politikalarını etkileme başarısını göstermişlerdir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışma, bölgedeki Osmanlı egemenliğinin sona ermesinden sonra dahi Filistinli Arapların, İngiliz ve Yahudi Siyonistlere karşı Filistin'deki varlıklarını ve statülerini koruma amacıyla aktif bir çaba sarf ettiklerini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yahudi Siyonistler, Osmanlı Arapları, Sultan II. Abdülhamid, Filistin, İngiliz Mandası

Attitudes of Palestinian Arabs towards Jewish Zionism during and after the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II

Öz

With the end of the Ottoman Empire in Bayt al-Maqdis a new page in history was being turned, ending centuries of peace in the Holy Land. This study concentrates on Palestinian Arabs and their attitudes towards Jewish Zionist settlement and their land purchase activities in Palestine, particularly under the British occupation. There are two divergent ideas concerning Palestinian and Jewish Zionists relations. While some scholars claim that Arab Muslims were passive and submissive towards Jewish Zionists and they did not put forward reactionary attitude towards Jewish Zionists and they even further state that those Arabs sold their lands to them willingly and earned huge sums of profit and hence they were contented with Zionist settlement. However, contrary to this claim evidence shows Arab Palestinians helped and supported the Ottomans against Jewish Zionism in restricting Zionist settlement and land purchase activities in Palestine. In this respect, this study argues that Palestinian Arab Muslims from the outset foresaw expansionist Zionists and put forward their resistance in different means. They clearly did their best to stop the Zionist influx and thus altered the attitude of the British Mandate. Therefore, throughout the study it can be clearly seen that even after the end of the Ottoman rule in the region, Palestinian Arabs tried their best to preserve their presence and status in Palestine against the British and Jewish Zionists.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Palestine, Sultan Abdulhamid II, Ottoman Arabs, Jewish Zionists, British Mandate

موقف الفلسطينيين العرب من الصهيونية اليهودية أثناء وبعد عهد السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني

Öz

مع نهاية الحكم العثماني لبيت المقدس، تم طي صفحة من تاريخ المنطقة، منهية معها قرونًا من السلام في الأرض المقدسة. تركز هذه الدراسة على موقف الفلسطينيين العرب من الاستيطان اليهودي الصهيوني ونشاطاتهم في شراء الأراضي في فلسطين، خاصة في ظل الاحتلال البريطاني. نجد في البحوث السابقة نظرتان متباينتان فيما يتعلق بالعلاقات بين الفلسطينيين والصهاينة اليهود. بينما يدعي بعض الباحثين أن العرب المسلمين كانوا سلبيين وخانعين للصهاينة اليهود ولم يكن لهم موقفا قويا تجاه اليهود الصهاينة بل ويصرحون بأن هؤلاء العرب باعوا أراضيهم لليهود عن طيب خاطر وحصلوا على مقابل مادي ولذلك كانوا راضين عن الاستيطان الصهيوني. الرأي الثاني خلافًا لهذا الادعاء، تظهره الأدلة بأن الفلسطينيين العرب ساعدوا ودعموا العثمانيين ضد الصهيونية اليهودية في تقييد الاستيطان الصهيوني وأنشطة شراء الأراضي في فلسطين. وفي هذا الصدد، ترى هذه الدراسة أن العرب الفلسطينيين المسلمين توقعوا منذ البداية ما يرمي اليه الصهاينة وقاموا بمقاومتهم بطرق مختلفة. ومن الواضح أنهم بذلوا قصارى جهدهم لوقف التدفق الصهيوني وبالتالي غيروا موقف الانتداب البريطاني. ولذلك، فمن خلال الدراسة يمكن أن نرى بوضوح أنه حتى بعد انتهاء الحكم العثماني في المنطقة، بذل العرب الفلسطينيون قصارى جهدهم للحفاظ على وجودهم ومكانتهم في فلسطين ضد الصهاينة اليهود وأيضا الاحتلال البريطاني.

Anahtar Kelimeler

العرب العثمانيون, فلسطين, السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني, اليهود الصهاينة, الانتداب البريطاني

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