Zionist Threat and International Policies in The Perspective of ‘’Najib AZOURI’’: A Pioneer of Arab Nationalism in the Early Twentieth Century

Yıl 2018, , 53 - 75, 15.12.2018

Hafida Ben Dahmane

https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.382482

Öz

When the name of Negib Azoury is mentioned at
first one thinks of his nationalist ideas and political activity to separate
Arab provinces from the Ottoman state at the beginning of the twentieth century.  Very few people actually associate Azoury’s
name with his views –at such an early period- on the Zionist movement, which
was discreetly operating at that time paving its way forward. This Christian
Arab educated in the religious French schools in Beirut and later on in Paris absorbed
European culture, was amongst the firsts to be aware of the Zionist danger and
warn against it, particularly its danger to the Arab nation and to world peace.  In his renowned book “the Awakening of the
Arab Nation” published in French, he deliberates on the Arab nationalist
movement, the Zionist movements and the international policies. The idea of this
paper thus comes to better understand the relationship between the
aforementioned elements.  As well as analysing
Azoury’s perspectives to verify the extent to which the Arab elites were aware
of the real danger that was threatening the nation, and to what extent the
solutions that were proposed to tackle this danger were effective.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nationalism, Zionism, Jewish immigration, Palestine, Buffer State

Siyonist Tehdit ve Uluslararası Politika: 20. Yüzyılın Başında Arap Milliyetçiliğinin Öncülerinden biri olan “Necip Azuri" Örneği

Öz

الخطر الصهيوني والسياسات الدولية في منظور "نجيب عازوري" أحد رواد القومية العربية في مطلع القرن العشرين

Öz

عندما
تقرأ اسم "نجيب عازوري" لأول وهلة سيتبادر إلى ذهنك أفكاره القومية
ونشاطه السياسي لفصل العرب عن الدولة العثمانية في بداية القرن العشرين، وقليل من
الناس من يقرن اسم عازوري بنظرته -في ذلك الوقت المبكر- للحركة الصهيونية التي
كانت تحفر طريقها بتأنٍّ بعيدا عن أعين الرقباء. هذا العربي المسيحي الذي تكوّن في
المدارس الدينية الفرنسية ببيروت وتشرّب من الثقافة الأوروبية بباريس، كان من
أوائل من تفطّن ونبّه للخطر الصهيوني على الأمة العربية وعلى السلم العالمي، وفي
كتابه الشهير "يقظة الأمة العربية" الذي أصدره باللغة الفرنسية، قرن بين
الحركة القومية العربية والحركة الصهيونية والسياسات الدولية، فجاءت فكرة البحث
لتفكيك العلاقة بين العناصر المذكورة وتحليل أفكار عازوري من أجل التحقق من مدى
الوعي لدى النخب العربية بالخطر الحقيقي الذي كان يهدد الأمة، ومدى صلاحية الحلول
التي تم اقتراحها لمواجهة هذا الخطر. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

القومية, الصهيونية, الهجرة اليهودية, فلسطين, الدولة العازلة

Kaynakça

• Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA), HR.SYS. 1804/37 MF.MKT. 823/97 MF.MKT. 824/59
• Azoury, Negib (1978) Yaqadat al-Ummah al-Arabiyah. Translated by: Ahmad Bumulhim (Beirut: al-Mu’asasah al-Arabiyah lil-Dirasat wal-Nashir).
• Antonius, George (1987) Yaqadat al-‘Arab: Tarikh Harkat al-‘Arab al-Qawmiyah. Translated by: Nasiruldin al-Asad and Ihsan Abbas (Beirut: Dar al-‘Ilm lil-Malayin).
• Bakir, Ibrahim (1992) Mu'tamr al-salām wāl-mufāwḍāt āl-Mubāšhirah maʿ Israel. (Amman: al-Mu'assah al-Sahafiyah al-Rai')
• Bayat, Fadil (2002) Dirasat fi Tarikh al-‘Arab fi al-'Ahd al-Uthmani: Ru’yah Jadidah fi Daw' al-Watha’iq wal-Masadir al-‘Uthmaniyah (Beirut: Dar al-Madar al-Islami).
• Bayham, M. J. (1950) Qawafil al-Urubah wa-Muwakibuha khilal al-Usur. 2nd Vol. (Beirut: Matabi Dar al-Kashaf)
• Hurani, Albert (nd.) al-Fikir al-‘Arabi fi ‘Asr al-Nahda. Translated by: Karim ‘Azqul (Beirut: Dar al-Nahar lil-Nashir)
• Rose, John (1990) Israil: al-Dawlah al-Khatifah (Kalb al-Hirasah al-Amriki fi al-Sharq al-Awsat). (Beirut: Dar al-Hamrah).
• Al-Shibli, S. S. (2016) al-Mashru’ al-Sahuni wa-Bidayat al-Wa’i al-‘Arabi li-Makhatirih 1897-1917. (Beirut: Markaz Dirasat al-Wihdah al-‘Arabiyah).
• Sharabi, Hisham (1981) al-Muthaqafun al-‘Arab wal-Gharb. (Beirut: Dar al-Nahar).
• Shu’ayb, Ali A. (2005) al-Tadakhul al-Ajnabi wa-Azamat al-Hukum fi Tarikh al-‘Arab al-Hadith wal-Mu’asir. (Beirut: Dar al-Farabi).
• Scholch, Alexander (1993) Tahawulat Jazriyah fi Filistin 1856-1882. Translated by: Kamil al-Asali, 2nd Ed. (Amman)
• Musa, Sulayman (1977) al-Harakah al-Arabiyah, al-Marhala al-Ula lil-Nahda al-Haditha 1908-1924. (Beirut: Dar al-Nahar).
• Mantran, Robert (1992) Tarikh al-Dawlah al-‘Uthmaniyah. Translated by: Bashir al-Siba’I (Cairo: Dar al-Fikir).
• Al-Waari, Naela (2007) Dawr al-Qunsuliyat al-Ajnabiyah fi al-Hijrah wal-Istitan al-Yahudi fi Filistin 1840-1914. (Amman: Dar al-Shuruq).
• Abu Fakhir, Saqir (2015) “al-Sahyuniyah wal-Himayah bayn Antwan Saadah wa Najib Azouri” in Majalat Tahawulat Nahwa Mujtama’ Jadid. www.tahawolat.net; retrieved on 28.8.2017.
• Dayah, Jan (2000) “Tawatu’ Wali al-Quds wa Samt al-Sultan AbdulHamid wara’ Daya‘ Filistin” in Majalat al-Arabi, vol.504.
• Razuq, Asad (1978) “Najib Azouri al-Wahdawi al-Majhoul” in Majalat alMustaqbal al-‘Arabi. Vol.4, November 1978.
• Zayd, Riyad (2001) “Yaqadat al-‘Arab wal-Wajh al-Akhar li-Azouri” in www.zaid-family.com; retrieved on 11.8.2017.
• Al-Sabag, Zuhair (2015) “al-Dawlah al-‘Uthmaniyah, Britanyah, wa Tatawur Fikrat al-Dawlah al-Yahudiyah” in Majalat Tahawulat Nahwa Mujtama’ Jadid. www.tahawolat.net; retrieved on 28.8.2017.