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MARDİN VE HAÇLILARLA MÜCADELEDKİ ROLÜ

Yıl 2020, , 389 - 410, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.808094

Öz

The city of Mardin and its Artuqids leaders contributed immensely to the fight of the crusaders especially in Helep, Antakya and Bayt al-Maqdis during the reign of Sakman Ibn Artuq and his brother Najm al-Din El-Ghazi and Husam al-Din Timortash, followed by his son Najm al-Din Albi. A new stage of fighting the armies of the crusaders developed in the reign of Husam al-Din Timortash as Mardin advanced from self-defence to the stage of attack, particularly when Husam al-Din lead an army aiming at liberating Bayt al-Maqdis and al-Aqsa Mosque, regrettably the mission failed and many of the people of Mardin were martyred during this attempt. Mardin and its rulers assisted the Zengids in their numerous campaigns against the crusaders, which led to the fall of Al-Ruha (Urfa) and its return to Muslim hands. Indeed the Artuqids have played a vital role in the battlefield alongside the troops of Salah al-Din at the horns of Hattin in 583AH/1187CE and this leads to the defeat of the crusaders and expelling most of their forces to the costal towns and the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Shamah, A. I. (1997). Al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Abu-Zaid, Nabila (1998). Madinat Mardin wa-Dawruha fi al-Sira’ al-Salibi al-Islami hataa wafat Salah al-Din al-Ayubi. Master Dissertation, Al-Zaqaziq University.
  • Ahmad, Asmaa’ (2011). Banu Artuq: Dirasah Tarikhiyah. Master Dissertation, Al-Minya University.
  • Al-Asfahani, Imad al-Din (2001). Al-Bustan al-Jami li-Jamii‘ Tawarikh Ahl al-Zaman. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Asriyah.
  • Al-Dhahabi, M. A. O. (1985). Siyar Alam al-Nubala’. Beirut: Dar al-Risalah.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din (1995) Mu’jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Burgoyne, M.H. (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study, with additional historical research by D.S. Richards, London, p. 412–414.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1963). Al-Tarikh al-Bahir fi al-Dawlah al-Atabikiyah bil-Musul. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Haditha.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1997). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
  • Ibn al-Futi al-Shaybani, Kamal al-Din (1996). Majma’ al-Adab fi Majma’ al-Alqab. Iran: Mu’asasat al-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Hamza (1983). Tarikh Dimashq. Damascus: Dar Hassan lil-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1997). Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Egypt : Dar Hajir lil-Tibaa wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn Khalikan, A. M. I. (1900). Wafayat al-Ayan wa-Anba’ Abna’ al-Zaman. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Ibn Shadad, Izz al-Din (1978). Al-A‘laq al-Khatirah fi Zikr Muluk al-Sham wal-Jazeera. Damascus: Wazarat al-Thaqafah.
  • Ibn Tagribardi, Y. (n.d.). Al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wal-Qahira. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub.
  • Ibn Tagribardi, Yusuf (n.d.). al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wal-Kahirah. Cairo : Dar al-Kitab.
  • Ibn Wasil, M. S. (1957). Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayub. Ed. Jamal al-Din al-Shayal. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • Khalifa, Hajji (2010). Sulam al-Wusul ila Tabaqat al-Fuhul. Istanbul: Maktabat Ircica.
  • Khalil, Imad al-Din (1980). Al-Imarat al-Artuqiyah fi al-Jazeera wal-Sham. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Runciman, Steven (1994). Tarikh al-Hamlat al-Salibiyah. Cairo: al-Haya’ah al-Masriyah al-Amah lil-Kitab.
  • Salamah, Khadir (2013). “Naqsh Saljouqi min al-Masjid al-Aqsa”, Hawliyat al-Quds, vol.16, pp.51-60.
  • Shmisani, Hassan (1987). Madinat Mardin min al-Fath al-Arabi ila sanat 921/1515. Beirut: Dar Alam al-Kutub.
  • Taragan, Hana (2012). An Artuqid Candlestick from the Al-Aqsa Museum: Object as Document. Ars Orientalis, Vol. 42, pp. 79-88.
  • William of Tyre (1994). al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Translated by: Hasan Habashi. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyah al-Amah lil-Kitab.

Mardin and its Role in Combating the Crusaders

Yıl 2020, , 389 - 410, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.808094

Öz

The city of Mardin and its Artuqid rulers contributed immensely to combatting the crusaders, particularly in Aleppo, Antakya and Bayt al-Maqdis. This commenced from the reign of Sakman ibn Artuq, and then his brother Najm al-Din El-Ghazi, followed by Husam al-Din Timortash, and then his son Najm al-Din Albi. A new stage of fighting the crusaders developed in the reign of Husam al-Din Timortash, as Mardin advanced from a defensive to offensive attack, particularly when Husam al-Din led an army aimed at liberating Bayt al-Maqdis and al-Aqsa Mosque. Although he reached the Holy City, regrettably the mission failed and many of the people of Mardin were martyred during this attempt. Mardin and its rulers assisted the Zengids in their numerous campaigns against the crusaders, which led to the fall of Al-Ruha (Urfa) and its return to Muslim hands. Indeed, the Artuqids have played a vital role in the battlefield alongside the troops of Salah al-Din at the horns of Hattin in 583AH/1187CE, leading to the defeat of the crusaders, the expelling of most of their forces from the coastal towns, and ultimately, the liberation of Bayt al-Maqdis.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Shamah, A. I. (1997). Al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Abu-Zaid, Nabila (1998). Madinat Mardin wa-Dawruha fi al-Sira’ al-Salibi al-Islami hataa wafat Salah al-Din al-Ayubi. Master Dissertation, Al-Zaqaziq University.
  • Ahmad, Asmaa’ (2011). Banu Artuq: Dirasah Tarikhiyah. Master Dissertation, Al-Minya University.
  • Al-Asfahani, Imad al-Din (2001). Al-Bustan al-Jami li-Jamii‘ Tawarikh Ahl al-Zaman. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Asriyah.
  • Al-Dhahabi, M. A. O. (1985). Siyar Alam al-Nubala’. Beirut: Dar al-Risalah.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din (1995) Mu’jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Burgoyne, M.H. (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study, with additional historical research by D.S. Richards, London, p. 412–414.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1963). Al-Tarikh al-Bahir fi al-Dawlah al-Atabikiyah bil-Musul. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Haditha.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1997). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
  • Ibn al-Futi al-Shaybani, Kamal al-Din (1996). Majma’ al-Adab fi Majma’ al-Alqab. Iran: Mu’asasat al-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Hamza (1983). Tarikh Dimashq. Damascus: Dar Hassan lil-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1997). Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Egypt : Dar Hajir lil-Tibaa wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn Khalikan, A. M. I. (1900). Wafayat al-Ayan wa-Anba’ Abna’ al-Zaman. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Ibn Shadad, Izz al-Din (1978). Al-A‘laq al-Khatirah fi Zikr Muluk al-Sham wal-Jazeera. Damascus: Wazarat al-Thaqafah.
  • Ibn Tagribardi, Y. (n.d.). Al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wal-Qahira. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub.
  • Ibn Tagribardi, Yusuf (n.d.). al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wal-Kahirah. Cairo : Dar al-Kitab.
  • Ibn Wasil, M. S. (1957). Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayub. Ed. Jamal al-Din al-Shayal. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • Khalifa, Hajji (2010). Sulam al-Wusul ila Tabaqat al-Fuhul. Istanbul: Maktabat Ircica.
  • Khalil, Imad al-Din (1980). Al-Imarat al-Artuqiyah fi al-Jazeera wal-Sham. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Runciman, Steven (1994). Tarikh al-Hamlat al-Salibiyah. Cairo: al-Haya’ah al-Masriyah al-Amah lil-Kitab.
  • Salamah, Khadir (2013). “Naqsh Saljouqi min al-Masjid al-Aqsa”, Hawliyat al-Quds, vol.16, pp.51-60.
  • Shmisani, Hassan (1987). Madinat Mardin min al-Fath al-Arabi ila sanat 921/1515. Beirut: Dar Alam al-Kutub.
  • Taragan, Hana (2012). An Artuqid Candlestick from the Al-Aqsa Museum: Object as Document. Ars Orientalis, Vol. 42, pp. 79-88.
  • William of Tyre (1994). al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Translated by: Hasan Habashi. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyah al-Amah lil-Kitab.

مدينة ماردين ودورها في مواجهة الصليبيين

Yıl 2020, , 389 - 410, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.808094

Öz

كان لمدينة ماردين وحكامها الأراتقة دور كبير في مواجهة الصليبيين وخاصة في حلب وأنطاكيا وبيت المقدس منذ عهد سقمان بن أرتق وثم أخوه نجم الدين إيلغازي وثم ابنه حسام الدين تيمورتاش وثم ابنه نجم الدين ألبي. فقد بدأت مرحلة جديدة من الجهاد ضد الصليبيين في عهد حسام الدين تيمورتاش حين تحولت ماردين من موقف الدفاع عن الممتلكات الإسلامية إلى مرحلة الهجوم حتى قاد حسام الدين جيشاً لتحرير بيت المقدس ومسجده الأقصى ولكن لم يوفق في غايته وسقط أبناء ماردين شهداء في طريق تحرير بيت المقدس. قامت ماردين وحكامها بمساندة الزنكيين في حملاتهم ضد الصليبيين ونتج عن ذلك سقوط الرُّها وعودتها لأيدي المسلمين. وقد توّج الأراتقة دورهم في مواجهة الغزو الصليبي بانضمام جيشهم لجيوش صلاح الدين الأيوبي في معركة حطين عام 583هـ/1187م وقد نتج عن ذلك هزيمة للصليبيين وطردهم من معظم مدن الساحل واستعادة بيت المقدس.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Shamah, A. I. (1997). Al-Rawdatayn fi Akhbar al-Dawlatayn. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Abu-Zaid, Nabila (1998). Madinat Mardin wa-Dawruha fi al-Sira’ al-Salibi al-Islami hataa wafat Salah al-Din al-Ayubi. Master Dissertation, Al-Zaqaziq University.
  • Ahmad, Asmaa’ (2011). Banu Artuq: Dirasah Tarikhiyah. Master Dissertation, Al-Minya University.
  • Al-Asfahani, Imad al-Din (2001). Al-Bustan al-Jami li-Jamii‘ Tawarikh Ahl al-Zaman. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Asriyah.
  • Al-Dhahabi, M. A. O. (1985). Siyar Alam al-Nubala’. Beirut: Dar al-Risalah.
  • Al-Hamawi, Shihab al-Din (1995) Mu’jam al-Buldan. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Burgoyne, M.H. (1987). Mamluk Jerusalem: An Architectural Study, with additional historical research by D.S. Richards, London, p. 412–414.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1963). Al-Tarikh al-Bahir fi al-Dawlah al-Atabikiyah bil-Musul. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Haditha.
  • Ibn al-Athir, A. M. (1997). Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi.
  • Ibn al-Futi al-Shaybani, Kamal al-Din (1996). Majma’ al-Adab fi Majma’ al-Alqab. Iran: Mu’asasat al-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn al-Qalanisi, Hamza (1983). Tarikh Dimashq. Damascus: Dar Hassan lil-Tiba’ah wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn Kathir, Ismail (1997). Al-Bidayah wal-Nihayah. Egypt : Dar Hajir lil-Tibaa wal-Nashir.
  • Ibn Khalikan, A. M. I. (1900). Wafayat al-Ayan wa-Anba’ Abna’ al-Zaman. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
  • Ibn Shadad, Izz al-Din (1978). Al-A‘laq al-Khatirah fi Zikr Muluk al-Sham wal-Jazeera. Damascus: Wazarat al-Thaqafah.
  • Ibn Tagribardi, Y. (n.d.). Al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wal-Qahira. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub.
  • Ibn Tagribardi, Yusuf (n.d.). al-Nujum al-Zahirah fi Muluk Misr wal-Kahirah. Cairo : Dar al-Kitab.
  • Ibn Wasil, M. S. (1957). Mufarij al-Kurub fi Akhbar bani Ayub. Ed. Jamal al-Din al-Shayal. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub wal-Wathaiq al-Qawmiyah.
  • Khalifa, Hajji (2010). Sulam al-Wusul ila Tabaqat al-Fuhul. Istanbul: Maktabat Ircica.
  • Khalil, Imad al-Din (1980). Al-Imarat al-Artuqiyah fi al-Jazeera wal-Sham. Beirut: Mu’asasat al-Risalah.
  • Runciman, Steven (1994). Tarikh al-Hamlat al-Salibiyah. Cairo: al-Haya’ah al-Masriyah al-Amah lil-Kitab.
  • Salamah, Khadir (2013). “Naqsh Saljouqi min al-Masjid al-Aqsa”, Hawliyat al-Quds, vol.16, pp.51-60.
  • Shmisani, Hassan (1987). Madinat Mardin min al-Fath al-Arabi ila sanat 921/1515. Beirut: Dar Alam al-Kutub.
  • Taragan, Hana (2012). An Artuqid Candlestick from the Al-Aqsa Museum: Object as Document. Ars Orientalis, Vol. 42, pp. 79-88.
  • William of Tyre (1994). al-Hurub al-Salibiyah. Translated by: Hasan Habashi. Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyah al-Amah lil-Kitab.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Arapça
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Ali 0000-0003-3237-1204

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Ali, H. (2020). مدينة ماردين ودورها في مواجهة الصليبيين. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, 20(3), 389-410. https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.808094

ISSN:1367-1936 , e-ISSN:2514-6009