بيت المقدس من منظور نصراني

Yıl 1999, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 26, 01.12.1999

Michael Prior

Öz

بيت المقدس من منظور نصراني

, مايكيل براير , باللغة الإنجليزية

Anahtar Kelimeler

بيت المقدس, القدس, النصراية

Kudüs'e Hristiyan Bakış Açıları

Öz

Kudüs'e Hristiyan Bakış Açıları

Michael Prior. , Dil: İngilizce

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kudüs, Beytülmakdis

Christian Perspectives on Jerusalem

Öz

Christian Perspectives on Jerusalem.

by: Michael Prior. , Language: English

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jerusalem, Christian, Islamicjerusalem

Kaynakça

• The city don not lie on a major trade-route: it is not near to mineral resources. nor to soil suitable for large-scale agricultural development, its eater supply is not abundant.
• See Ucko, Hans. ed.. The Spiritual Significance of Jerusalem for Jews, Christians and Muslim (Geneva: World Council of Churches. 1994). See also The Theology churches and the Jewish People. Statements by the World Council of Churches and its Member Churches. With a commentary by Allan Brockway. Paul van Buren"; Rolf Rendtorff and Simon Schoon (Geneva: World Council of Churches. 1988).
• Sec Wilken. Robert L... The Land called Holy. Palestine in Christian History and Thought (New York and London. Yale University Press. 1992). p. 119.
• For a systematic treatment of each of the New Testament witnesses to Jerusalem see Walker. Peter W L. Jesus and the Holy City. New Testament Perspectives on Jerusalem (Grand Rapids Ml and Cambridge UK. Eerdmans. 1996).
• Sec further my Jesus the liberator Nazareth Liberation Theology /Luke 4.16-30) (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. 1995). pp. 24-25; 52- 60
• Patterns in Comparative Religion .London/ New York: Sheed and Ward. 1958). p. 375.
• Patterns PI Comparative Religion, p. 383
• See further my ‘Pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Yesterday and Today,' in Prior, Michael and William Taylor (eds) Christians in the Holy Land (London: WIFT/Scorpion Press. 1994). pp. 169-75.
• See further my ‘Pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Yesterday and Today’, pp. 169-99. And 'A Perspective on Pilgrimage to the Holy Land'. in Ateek, Naim. Cedar Duaybis and Marla Schrader. Jerusalem: What makes for Peace? (London: Melisende. 1997). pp. 114-31.
• Melito of Sardis visited the Holy Land in the middle of the second century, so at to establish accurately the books of the Old Testament. and to examine the relevant places. He, the earliest known Christian pilgrim, was in search of the biblical past. Alexander. a future bishop of Jerusalem, travelled from Cappadocia in the reign of Caracalla. with the stated purpose of prayer and investigation of the sites. Origen travelled around Palestine seeking out the location of events recorded in the Scriptures. Firmilianus. a Cappadocian bishop. visited Origen. and was in the Holy Land for the sake of the holy places. Pionius. a contemporary of Origen. also visited the Holy Land.
• Wilken. The Land called Holy. p. 119.
• Riley-Smith. Louise and Jonathan. The Crusades. Idea and Reality, 1095-1274 (London: Edward Arnold 1981). P. I.
• In Riley-Smith. The Crusades. p. 43.
• In Riley-Smith. The Crusades. p. 44.
• Although the terms are used interchangeably in common parlance. strictly speaking, one ought to distinguish between the Holy See and the Vatican. The Holy See is the juridical personification of the more than 1000 million Catholics who are in communion with Rome. and. while not a state. enjoys the rights to make international agreements and receive and dispatch representatives. The Vatican is a state. albeit of less than I km. sq., and of only some 1000 inhabitants.
• Minerbi. Sergio I., The Vatican and Zionism: Conflict in the Holy Land. 1895-1925 (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1990). p. xiii.
• In Kreutz. Andrej. The Vatican and the Palestinians: A Historical Overview', Islamochristiana 18 (1992): 109-25. p. 115.
• Is Indeed, as late as January 1948. Mgr. G. Montana (the future Paul VI. then the Under Secretary for Ordinary Affairs) told the British Minister to the Vatican that the Holy See preferred that 'a third power, neither Jew nor Arab...have control of the Holy Land' (Perowne to Burrows, 19 January 1948 - FO 371/68500. in Kreutz.. 'The Vatican and the Palestinians'. p. 116).
• Elia Zureik surveys the estimates of those expelled showing that they fall within the range, 700400.000 (Palestinian Refugees and Peace'. in Journal of Palestine Studies 93 (1994): 5-17. Table 3. p. 11). but more recently Selman H Abu-Sitta argues for a total figure of 935,000 (The Palestinian Nakba 1948. The Register of Depopulated Localities in Palestine (with accompanying Map, Palestine 1948 50 Years after Al Nakba. The Towns and Villages Depopulated by the Zionist Invasion of 1948(. London. The Palestine Return Centre. 1998. p. 14.
• See the encyclicals of John XXIII, Mater et Magistra, Pacem in Terris. of Paul VI. Populorum Pragressio. Evangelii Nuntiandi and more recently of John Paul II, Redemptoris Hominis. and Laborem Exercens.
• Apostolic Exhortation. 'Concerning the increased needs of the Church in the Holy Land'. 1974).
• Acta Apostolicae Sedis, January-March 1976, p. 134.
• According to Fr Giovanni Caprile. the problems were: a just solution to the Palestinian problem. and the establishment of a Palestinian homeland; an internationally guaranteed special status for Jerusalem. with access to, and equality for Christians. Jews and Muslims. making Jerusalem a real center of spiritual and fraternal development: and. finally. an improvement in the legal rights and social situations of the Christian communities living under Israeli control ('La Santa Sede e lo Stato d'Israele', in La Eivita Cattolico, 16 February 1991. pp. 357-58). La Documentation Catholique 73 (1982), 17 October. pp. 921 and 947. Secretariatus pro non-Cluistianis. Bulletin 57 (1984). XIX(3), p.254. 26
• See Sabella. Bernard. 'Socio-Economic Characteristics and the Challenges to Palestinian Christians in the Holy Land'. and Geraisy. Sami. 'Socio-Demographic Characteristics: Reality. Problems and Aspirations within Israel'. in Prior and Taylor. Christians in the Platy Land, pp. 31-44, 45-55. Palestinian Christians world-wide number some 400,000, constituting some 6.7 per cent of some six million Palestinians. Selman H Abu-Sitta's estimate of 8,415,930 for the number of Palestinians world-wide, in 1998 alters the percentages somewhat (The Palestinian Nakba 1948, p. 15).
• MECC News Report, January 1992, p. 2. Sec Sabella 1994 and Geraisy 1994. See for example the report by the ten member delegation. Impressions of Intifada. Report of a British Council of Churches Delegation to Israel and the Occupied Territories. March 1989 (London: BCC. Inter-Church House. 1989).
• E.g., Chacour. Elias. Blood Brothers (Eastbourne, Kingsway. 1985) and We Belong to the Land (San Francisco. Harper. 1992), Ateek. Naim Stifan. Justice and Only Justice. A Palestinian Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll, New York. Orbit, 1989); Rantisi. Audeh. Blessed are the Peacemakers. The Story of a Palestinian Christian (Guildford. Eagle. 1990); Raheb. Mitri. I am a Palestinian Christian (Minneapolis, Fortress Press 1995); and. most recently. El-AssaI, Riah Abu. Caught in Between (London. SPCK. 1999).
• E.g., Ructher, Rosemary R and M H Ellis, eds. Beyond Occupation (Boston. Beacon Press, 1990); Wagner. Donald E. Anxious for Armageddon. A Call to Partnership for Middle Eastern and Western Christians (Scottdale. Herald Press, 1995); Cragg, Kenneth. The Arab Christian. A History of the Middle East (London. Mowbray. 1992). and Palestine. The Prize and Price of Zion (London and Washington. Cassell. 1997); and Prior. Michael. The Bible and Colonialism: A Moral Critique (Sheffield. Sheffield Academic Press, 1997). A Land flowing with Milk Honey and People (The Lattey Lecture 1997) (St Edmund's College. Von Hügel Institute, Cambridge University. 1998. and in Scripture Bulletin 28[1998]: 2-17), Western Scholarship and the History of Palestine (London, bklisende, 1998), and Zionism and the State of Israel: A Moral Inquiry (London, Routledge. 1999). See also O'Mahony, Anthony (ed.) Palestinian Christians. Religion. Politics and Society in the Holy Land (London. Melisende. 1999).
• The most significant of these are the three international conferences convened by Sabeel. The First International Symposium was held in March 1990 in Tantur Ecumenical Institute, Jerusalem, and the papers were edited by Naim Stifan Ateek. M H Ellis. and R R Ruether, and published under the title. Faith and the Intifada Palestinian Christian Voices (MaryKnoll. New York, Orbis, 1992). Selected papers of the 1996 Conference. The Significance of Jerusalem for Christians and of Christians for Jerusalem' were edited by Naim Ateek. Cedar Duaybis and Marla Schrader and published under the title, Jerusalem: What makes for Peace? A Palestinian Christian Contribution to Peacemaking (London, Melisende, 1997). Selected papers of the 1998 Conference, The Challenge of Jubilee', were edited by Naim Ateek and Michael Prior and published under the title, Holy Land - Hollow Jubilee: God, Justice and the Palestinians (London, Melisende, 1999). Another major international conference was held in Jerusalem in 1994. whose proceedings were edited by O'Mahony, Anthony, with G Gunner and K Hintlian, The Christian Heritage in the Holy Land (London, Scorpion Cavendish. 1995).
• In Britain alone, there have been several conferences on Christians in the Holy Land. In addition to the Cumberland Lodge 1993 Conference (see Prior and Taylor. Christians in the Holy Land), major conferences were held in London University (1991 and 1993), Cambridge University (1992), and in Warwick University (1993 - the December 1993 special edition of The Month 26 [2nd n s.] contains a number of these papers).
• It was issued in Jerusalem, with the authority of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch, the Latin Patriarch, the Armehian Patriarch, the Custos of the Holy Land. the Coptic Archbishop, the Syriac Archbishop, the Ethiopian Archbishop. the Anglican Bishop. the Greek-Catholic Patriarchal Vicar the Lutheran Bishop. the Maronite Patriarchal Vicar, and the Catholic Syriac Patriarchal Vicar. The text is reproduced in Documents on Jerusalem (Jerusalem. PASSIA. 1996). pp. 28-31. This invaluable resource contains also other Christian documents on Jerusalem. plus documents reflecting Muslim and Jewish religious positions, as well as a range giving political perspectives.
• Other contributions were made by Faisal Husseini, Hayim Ramon, Harry Hagopian and Fr Majdi Al-Siryani
• Archbishop Tauran's paper is published in Bulletin Associated Christian Press (Jerusalem. Christian Information Centre) No. 403 (November-December 1998): 2-7.
• Bulletin Associated Christian Press No. 403: 7-8.
• See my Zionism and the State of Israel, pp. 112-23.