Al-Quds as Mentioned in UN Resolutions

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 19 - 28, 30.06.2023

Mohammed Abu Oun

https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1164940

Öz

Al-Quds (Jerusalem) has always enjoyed a special standing in the world for either its historic and civilised position, or for its geographically strategic location in the centre of the Arab region and the Old-World continents. Due to its importance, its issues were paid attention to on the global arena by major countries and international institutes, particularly the United Nations and its institutes. This is what prompted these institutions to express their positions on this issue, which is what we seek to address during this study. This study addresses four main claims: 1) the most prominent UN institutes influencing the Palestinian issue, 2) UN resolutions before 1967, 3) UN resolutions from 1967-1993, and 4) UN resolutions after 1993. It adopts a descriptive analysis methodology, and concludes that al-Quds is an occupied Palestinian city as described in the International Law, the international community's complicity with the occupation contributed to the Judaisation and seizure of the holy city, and the international resolutions failed to deter the occupation from violating the law. The study also recommends shedding light on the Israeli occupation, its crimes against the Palestinians, and its violations against international law in the international forums. Moreover, it recommends exerting pressure on the countries supporting the occupation through building Arab and Muslim lobbies that work on breaking the relation between those countries and the occupation, and mobilising them to support Palestinians' rights.

Anahtar Kelimeler

United Nations, Israeli Occupation, Palestine, Jerusalem

Destekleyen Kurum

PALM Strategic Initiatives Centre

القدس في قرارات الأمم المتحدة

Öz

حظيت مدينة القدس بمكانة خاصة على المستوى العالمي، سواء بالنظر لمكانتها التاريخية والحضارية، أو موقعها الاستراتيجي جغرافيا بين قارات العالم القديم، وقد انعكست هذه الأهمية على حضور قضايا وأحداث مدينة القدس على الساحة العالمية، والتباحث في تفاصيلها بدرجة عالية من الاهتمام، ولعل أبرز المؤسسات التي تعنى بالقضايا العالمية هي مؤسسات الأمم المتحدة. جاءت هذه الدراسة في خمسة مطالب رئيسية. إذ تناولت في مطلبها الأول أبرز مؤسسات الأمم المتحدة المؤثرة على القضية الفلسطينية، ثم تناول المطلب الثاني قرارات الأمم المتحدة قبل عام 1967، أما المطلب الثالث فقد تناول قرارات الأمم المتحدة في الفترة 1967 – 1993، وأخيرا تناول المطلب الرابع قرارات الأمم المتحدة ما بعد عام 1993. وقد انتهجت الدراسة المنهج التاريخي الوصفي. خرجت الدراسة بعدد من النتائج أهمها أن القدس تعد مدينة فلسطينية محتلة وفقا لقرارات وتوصيف القانون الدولي، وأن استمرار وقوع القدس تحت الاحتلال دون إيجاد حل لقضيتها يعود إلى حالة التواطؤ والانحياز العالمي مع الاحتلال، كما أن القرارات الدولية لم تمتلك أدوات تردع الاحتلال الإسرائيلي عن الاستمرار في انتهاكه للقانون. كما أوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات لعل أهمها، ضرورة تفعيل القضايا في المحاكم الدولية ضد الاحتلال وتوجيه تهم انتهاك القانون الدولي وارتكاب جرائم حرب ضد الفلسطينيين، وضرورة الضغط على الدول الداعمة للاحتلال عبر تكوين شبكة لوبيات عربية وإسلامية تفشل رهان هذه الدول على الاحتلال ودفعها لنصرة الحق الفلسطيني.

Anahtar Kelimeler

الأمم المتحدة, القضية الفلسطينية, الاحتلال الإسرائيلي, مدينة القدس

BM Kararlarında Belirtildiği Şekliyle Kudüs

Öz

Kudüs, ya tarihi ve medeni konumu ya da Arap bölgesinin merkezinde ve Eski Dünya kıtalarında coğrafi açıdan stratejik bir konuma sahip olması nedeniyle dünyada her zaman özel bir statüye sahip olmuştur. Önemi nedeniyle, sorunlarına büyük ülkeler ve uluslararası kurumlar, özellikle Birleşmiş Milletler ve kurumları tarafından küresel arenada dikkat edilmiştir. Bu da mevzu hakkında zikredilen kurumların pozisyonlarını ifade etmeye sevk eden şeydir ki biz de bu çalışma boyunca ele alacağız. Bu çalışma, dört ana iddiayı ele almaktadır: 1) Filistin meselesini etkileyen en belirgin BM kurumları, 2) 1967 öncesi BM kararları, 3) 1967-1993 arasındaki BM kararları ve 4) 1993 sonrasındaki BM kararları. Çalışma tanımlayıcı analiz metodolojisini benimsemektedir ve Kudüs'ün uluslararası hukukta tarif edildiği gibi işgal altındaki bir Filistin şehri olduğu sonucuna varır; nitekim uluslararası topluluğun işgalle işbirliği yapması, kutsal şehrin Yahudileştirilmesine ve ele geçirilmesine katkıda bulunmuştur ve uluslararası kararlar, işgalin hukuku ihlal etmesini engellemede başarısız olmuştur. Çalışma ayrıca, İsrail'in işgali, Filistinlilere karşı suçları ve uluslararası hukuka karşı ihlalleri konusuna uluslararası forumlarda ışık tutmayı ve Arap-Müslüman lobilerinin bu ülkelerle işgal arasındaki ilişkiyi koparması ve onları Filistinlilerin haklarını desteklemeye teşvik etmek için çalışacak lobiler kurulması suretiyle işgali destekleyen ülkeler üzerinde baskı kurmayı önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistin, Birleşmiş Milletler, İsrail İşgali, Kudüs

Kaynakça

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