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Analysing the Legal Status and International Responsibility of the Israel Occupation in Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque: A Future Perspective

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 57 - 74, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1361712

Öz

Since the Nakba in 1948, al-Quds/Jerusalem has undergone numerous political and legal changes. This paper discusses the legal status of Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa Mosque, international court decisions, and potential civil and criminal responsibilities of the Israeli occupation for violations of international laws in occupied Jerusalem. It also highlights the future legal status of Jerusalem considering Jordan’s current role and the challenges the International Criminal Court may face in investigating Israeli crimes in Palestine, especially Jerusalem. Finally, it offers local, Arab, and international proposals to counter Israeli plans to Judaize and occupy Al-Aqsa Mosque and alter the current status.

Kaynakça

  • Al Jazeera. (2018, January 2). Al-Kinisit Yuwafiq ‘ala Qanun al-Quds al-Muwahadah. https://aja.me/z5wvv
  • Al Jazeera. (2018, March 10). Al-Wisayah ‘ala al-Masjid al-Aqsa wa-Ta’thirih. https://aja.me/nfvab
  • Al Jazeera. (2018, September 11). Bi-Muwajahat Idarat Trump, al-Sultah Tastakhdim al-Qanun lil-Hifaz ‘ala al-Quds. www.aljazeera.net/news/2018/9/11/بمواجهة-إدارة-ترامب-السلطة-تستخدم
  • Al Jazeera. (2021). Haqa’iq wa-Arqam Hawl al-Musa‘adat al-‘Askariyah. https://aja.me/j4mbxh
  • Human Rights Watch. (2002). Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Palestinian Authority Territories. www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/israel2/israel0402-03.htm
  • Human Rights Watch. (2002). Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Palestinian Authority Territories. www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/israel2/israel0402-03.htm
  • Human Rights Watch. (2015). ICC: Palestine Newest Member. www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/01/icc-palestine-newest-member
  • ICC. (2018). Financial statements of the International Criminal Court for the year ended 31 December 2018, https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP18/ICC-ASP-18-12-ENG.pdf
  • ICJ. (2004), Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
  • Institute of Palestine Studies. (2013). Nas al-Itifaqiyah al-Lati Waqa‘aha al-Malik Abdullah al-Thani wal-Rais Mahmud Abbas. www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/mdf-articles/نص_الاتفاقية_التي_وقّعها_الملك_عبد_الله_الثاني_والرئيس_محمود_عباس.pdf
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (2010). International humanitarian law and human rights. Retrieved from www.icrc.org/ar/doc/war-and-law/ihl-other-legal-regmies/ihl-human-rights/overview-ihl-and-human-rights.htm
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (n.d.). Hague Convention IV of 1907: Regulations respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Article 56. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907/regulations-art-56
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (n.d.). Hague Convention IV of 1907: Regulations respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Article 56. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907/regulations-art-56
  • International Court of Justice. (2004). Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Advisory Opinion. www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
  • International Criminal Court Assembly of States Parties. (n.d.). States Parties. https://asp.icc-cpi.int/states-parties
  • International Criminal Court. (2019). Statement by ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda on the Conclusion of the Preliminary Examination in the Situation in Palestine. www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-conclusion-preliminary-examination-situation-palestine
  • International Criminal Court. (2021). Situation in the State of Palestine: Decision on the "Prosecution's Request Pursuant to Article 19(3) for a Ruling on the Court's Territorial Jurisdiction in Palestine." www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/CourtRecords/CR2021_01165.PDF
  • International Criminal Court. (2021). Statement by ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda respecting the investigation in the Situation in Palestine. www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-respecting-investigation-situation-palestine
  • Knesset (Israeli Parliament). (1980). Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel. https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawJerusalem.pdf
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Jordan. (n.d.). al-Quds wal-Wisayah ak=l-Hashimiyah. www.mfa.gov.jo/content/القدس-والوصاية-الهاشمية
  • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2019). Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the 2018 protests in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIOPT/A_HRC_40_74.pdf
  • The Christian Science Monitor. (2009, October 2). Palestinians in East Jerusalem: A ticking bomb. www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2009/1002/p99s01-duts.html
  • The Times of Israel. (2021). “UK’s Karim Khan Elected next ICC Prosecutor, will Replace Controversial Bensouda”, http://bit.ly/2ZlIQSp
  • UN. (2004). Mahkamat al-‘Adl al-Dawliyah Taqul Inna Jidar al-Fasl al-Unsuri Gayr Qanuni wa-Tutalib Israil bi-Izalatuh. https://news.un.org/ar/story/2004/07/25302
  • UNESCO. (2016). Cultural heritage in Jerusalem. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000246215
  • UNESCO. (2017). Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000256701
  • United Nations Digital Library. (n.d.). Security Council Resolution 267 (1969): Concerns destruction and profanation of Holy Places in Jerusalem. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/90768?ln=ar
  • United Nations General Assembly. (1947). United Nations Partition 181. www.hlrn.org/img/documents/Partition_resolution_181_AR.pdf
  • United Nations International Law Commission. (2001). Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdf
  • United Nations(1980).S/RES/478. www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/IP%20SRES%20478.pdf
  • United Nations. (1948.). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2018
  • United Nations. (1948.). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2018
  • United Nations. (1967). S/RES/242(1967). https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/240/94/PDF/NR024094.pdf?OpenElement
  • United Nations. (1974). Resolution 3236 (XXIX) adopted by the General Assembly on 22 November 1974: The Question of Palestine https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ARES3236XXIX.pdf
  • United Nations. (1979). Question of Palestine. www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-200116
  • United Nations. (1997). The Status of Jerusalem. www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Status-of-Jerusalem-Engish-199708.pdf
  • United Nations. (2016). S/RES/2334 www.un.org/webcast/pdfs/SRES2334-2016.pdf
  • United Nations. (2023). Security Council adopts resolution 15337 (2023), strongly condemning the continuing illegal Israeli settlement activities in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and calling for their immediate cessation. https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15337.doc.htm
  • United States Embassy in Israel. (2017). Statement by President Trump on Jerusalem. https://il.usembassy.gov/statement-by-president-trump-on-jerusalem

تحليل الوضع القانوني والمسؤولية الدولية للاحتلال الإسرائيلي في القدس والمسجد الأقصى: رؤية مستقبلية

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 57 - 74, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1361712

Öz

شهدت مدينة القدس المحتلة منذ عام النكبة في 1948 حتى يومنا هذا العديد من التحولات على الصعيد السياسي والقانوني وصدرت العديد من القرارات الدولية بهذا الشأن، سنناقش في هذه الورقة العلمية الوضع القانوني لمدينة القدس والمسجد الأقصى ومن ثم نعرج على قرارات المحاكم الدولية في هذا السياق، ونبحث في المسؤولية الدولية المحتملة بشقيها المدني والجنائي الذي يتحملها الاحتلال الإسرائيلي ككيان وأشخاص بسبب انتهاكاتهم المستمرة للقوانين والأعراف الدولية في مدينة القدس. كما سنسلط الضوء على مستقبل الوضع القانوني لمدينة القدس في ظل الدور الأردني الراهن وسنناقش الصعوبات والتحديات المحتملة التي ستواجهها المحكمة الجنائية الدولية خلال تحقيقها بالجرائم الإسرائيلية المرتكبة في فلسطين عموماً والقدس بشكل خاص. وأخيراً تقدم الورقة العلمية مقترحات محلية، عربية ودولية للتعامل مع مخططات الاحتلال الرامية لتهويد واحتلال المسجد الأقصى وتغيير الوضع القائم.

Kaynakça

  • Al Jazeera. (2018, January 2). Al-Kinisit Yuwafiq ‘ala Qanun al-Quds al-Muwahadah. https://aja.me/z5wvv
  • Al Jazeera. (2018, March 10). Al-Wisayah ‘ala al-Masjid al-Aqsa wa-Ta’thirih. https://aja.me/nfvab
  • Al Jazeera. (2018, September 11). Bi-Muwajahat Idarat Trump, al-Sultah Tastakhdim al-Qanun lil-Hifaz ‘ala al-Quds. www.aljazeera.net/news/2018/9/11/بمواجهة-إدارة-ترامب-السلطة-تستخدم
  • Al Jazeera. (2021). Haqa’iq wa-Arqam Hawl al-Musa‘adat al-‘Askariyah. https://aja.me/j4mbxh
  • Human Rights Watch. (2002). Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Palestinian Authority Territories. www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/israel2/israel0402-03.htm
  • Human Rights Watch. (2002). Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Palestinian Authority Territories. www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/israel2/israel0402-03.htm
  • Human Rights Watch. (2015). ICC: Palestine Newest Member. www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/01/icc-palestine-newest-member
  • ICC. (2018). Financial statements of the International Criminal Court for the year ended 31 December 2018, https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP18/ICC-ASP-18-12-ENG.pdf
  • ICJ. (2004), Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
  • Institute of Palestine Studies. (2013). Nas al-Itifaqiyah al-Lati Waqa‘aha al-Malik Abdullah al-Thani wal-Rais Mahmud Abbas. www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/mdf-articles/نص_الاتفاقية_التي_وقّعها_الملك_عبد_الله_الثاني_والرئيس_محمود_عباس.pdf
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (2010). International humanitarian law and human rights. Retrieved from www.icrc.org/ar/doc/war-and-law/ihl-other-legal-regmies/ihl-human-rights/overview-ihl-and-human-rights.htm
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (n.d.). Hague Convention IV of 1907: Regulations respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Article 56. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907/regulations-art-56
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (n.d.). Hague Convention IV of 1907: Regulations respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Article 56. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907/regulations-art-56
  • International Court of Justice. (2004). Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Advisory Opinion. www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
  • International Criminal Court Assembly of States Parties. (n.d.). States Parties. https://asp.icc-cpi.int/states-parties
  • International Criminal Court. (2019). Statement by ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda on the Conclusion of the Preliminary Examination in the Situation in Palestine. www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-conclusion-preliminary-examination-situation-palestine
  • International Criminal Court. (2021). Situation in the State of Palestine: Decision on the "Prosecution's Request Pursuant to Article 19(3) for a Ruling on the Court's Territorial Jurisdiction in Palestine." www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/CourtRecords/CR2021_01165.PDF
  • International Criminal Court. (2021). Statement by ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda respecting the investigation in the Situation in Palestine. www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-respecting-investigation-situation-palestine
  • Knesset (Israeli Parliament). (1980). Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel. https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawJerusalem.pdf
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Jordan. (n.d.). al-Quds wal-Wisayah ak=l-Hashimiyah. www.mfa.gov.jo/content/القدس-والوصاية-الهاشمية
  • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2019). Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the 2018 protests in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIOPT/A_HRC_40_74.pdf
  • The Christian Science Monitor. (2009, October 2). Palestinians in East Jerusalem: A ticking bomb. www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2009/1002/p99s01-duts.html
  • The Times of Israel. (2021). “UK’s Karim Khan Elected next ICC Prosecutor, will Replace Controversial Bensouda”, http://bit.ly/2ZlIQSp
  • UN. (2004). Mahkamat al-‘Adl al-Dawliyah Taqul Inna Jidar al-Fasl al-Unsuri Gayr Qanuni wa-Tutalib Israil bi-Izalatuh. https://news.un.org/ar/story/2004/07/25302
  • UNESCO. (2016). Cultural heritage in Jerusalem. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000246215
  • UNESCO. (2017). Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000256701
  • United Nations Digital Library. (n.d.). Security Council Resolution 267 (1969): Concerns destruction and profanation of Holy Places in Jerusalem. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/90768?ln=ar
  • United Nations General Assembly. (1947). United Nations Partition 181. www.hlrn.org/img/documents/Partition_resolution_181_AR.pdf
  • United Nations International Law Commission. (2001). Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdf
  • United Nations(1980).S/RES/478. www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/IP%20SRES%20478.pdf
  • United Nations. (1948.). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2018
  • United Nations. (1948.). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2018
  • United Nations. (1967). S/RES/242(1967). https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/240/94/PDF/NR024094.pdf?OpenElement
  • United Nations. (1974). Resolution 3236 (XXIX) adopted by the General Assembly on 22 November 1974: The Question of Palestine https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ARES3236XXIX.pdf
  • United Nations. (1979). Question of Palestine. www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-200116
  • United Nations. (1997). The Status of Jerusalem. www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Status-of-Jerusalem-Engish-199708.pdf
  • United Nations. (2016). S/RES/2334 www.un.org/webcast/pdfs/SRES2334-2016.pdf
  • United Nations. (2023). Security Council adopts resolution 15337 (2023), strongly condemning the continuing illegal Israeli settlement activities in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and calling for their immediate cessation. https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15337.doc.htm
  • United States Embassy in Israel. (2017). Statement by President Trump on Jerusalem. https://il.usembassy.gov/statement-by-president-trump-on-jerusalem

Kudüs ve Mescid-i Aksa’daki İsrail İşgalinin Hukuki Durumunu ve Uluslararası Sorumluluğu Analiz Etmek: Gelecek Perspektifi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 57 - 74, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1361712

Öz

Kudüs şehri, 1948 Nekbe yılından günümüze kadar siyasi ve hukuki düzeyde pek çok dönüşüme sahne olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Kudüs ve Mescid-i Aksa'nın hukuki statüsü, uluslararası mahkeme kararları ve işgal altındaki Kudüs'te uluslararası hukuk ihlallerinden dolayı İsrail işgalinin olası hukuki ve cezai sorumlulukları tartışılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda mevcut Ürdün vesayeti altındaki Kudüs şehrinin hukuki statüsünün geleceğine ışık tutulmakta ve Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi'nin İsrail'in genel olarak Filistin'de, özel olarak da Kudüs'te işlediği suçlara ilişkin soruşturması sırasında karşılaşabileceği potansiyel zorluklar incelenmektedir. Son olarak çalışma, İsrail'in Mescid-i Aksa'yı Yahudileştirme, işgal etme ve mevcut statüyü değiştirme planları karşısında yerel, Arap ve uluslararası düzeyde öneriler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Al Jazeera. (2018, January 2). Al-Kinisit Yuwafiq ‘ala Qanun al-Quds al-Muwahadah. https://aja.me/z5wvv
  • Al Jazeera. (2018, March 10). Al-Wisayah ‘ala al-Masjid al-Aqsa wa-Ta’thirih. https://aja.me/nfvab
  • Al Jazeera. (2018, September 11). Bi-Muwajahat Idarat Trump, al-Sultah Tastakhdim al-Qanun lil-Hifaz ‘ala al-Quds. www.aljazeera.net/news/2018/9/11/بمواجهة-إدارة-ترامب-السلطة-تستخدم
  • Al Jazeera. (2021). Haqa’iq wa-Arqam Hawl al-Musa‘adat al-‘Askariyah. https://aja.me/j4mbxh
  • Human Rights Watch. (2002). Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Palestinian Authority Territories. www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/israel2/israel0402-03.htm
  • Human Rights Watch. (2002). Israel, the Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip, and Palestinian Authority Territories. www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2002/israel2/israel0402-03.htm
  • Human Rights Watch. (2015). ICC: Palestine Newest Member. www.hrw.org/news/2015/04/01/icc-palestine-newest-member
  • ICC. (2018). Financial statements of the International Criminal Court for the year ended 31 December 2018, https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/ASP18/ICC-ASP-18-12-ENG.pdf
  • ICJ. (2004), Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
  • Institute of Palestine Studies. (2013). Nas al-Itifaqiyah al-Lati Waqa‘aha al-Malik Abdullah al-Thani wal-Rais Mahmud Abbas. www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/mdf-articles/نص_الاتفاقية_التي_وقّعها_الملك_عبد_الله_الثاني_والرئيس_محمود_عباس.pdf
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (2010). International humanitarian law and human rights. Retrieved from www.icrc.org/ar/doc/war-and-law/ihl-other-legal-regmies/ihl-human-rights/overview-ihl-and-human-rights.htm
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (n.d.). Hague Convention IV of 1907: Regulations respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Article 56. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907/regulations-art-56
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (n.d.). Hague Convention IV of 1907: Regulations respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land. Article 56. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907/regulations-art-56
  • International Court of Justice. (2004). Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory: Advisory Opinion. www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
  • International Criminal Court Assembly of States Parties. (n.d.). States Parties. https://asp.icc-cpi.int/states-parties
  • International Criminal Court. (2019). Statement by ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda on the Conclusion of the Preliminary Examination in the Situation in Palestine. www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-conclusion-preliminary-examination-situation-palestine
  • International Criminal Court. (2021). Situation in the State of Palestine: Decision on the "Prosecution's Request Pursuant to Article 19(3) for a Ruling on the Court's Territorial Jurisdiction in Palestine." www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/CourtRecords/CR2021_01165.PDF
  • International Criminal Court. (2021). Statement by ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda respecting the investigation in the Situation in Palestine. www.icc-cpi.int/news/statement-icc-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda-respecting-investigation-situation-palestine
  • Knesset (Israeli Parliament). (1980). Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel. https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawJerusalem.pdf
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Jordan. (n.d.). al-Quds wal-Wisayah ak=l-Hashimiyah. www.mfa.gov.jo/content/القدس-والوصاية-الهاشمية
  • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2019). Report of the Commission of Inquiry on the 2018 protests in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIOPT/A_HRC_40_74.pdf
  • The Christian Science Monitor. (2009, October 2). Palestinians in East Jerusalem: A ticking bomb. www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2009/1002/p99s01-duts.html
  • The Times of Israel. (2021). “UK’s Karim Khan Elected next ICC Prosecutor, will Replace Controversial Bensouda”, http://bit.ly/2ZlIQSp
  • UN. (2004). Mahkamat al-‘Adl al-Dawliyah Taqul Inna Jidar al-Fasl al-Unsuri Gayr Qanuni wa-Tutalib Israil bi-Izalatuh. https://news.un.org/ar/story/2004/07/25302
  • UNESCO. (2016). Cultural heritage in Jerusalem. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000246215
  • UNESCO. (2017). Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000256701
  • United Nations Digital Library. (n.d.). Security Council Resolution 267 (1969): Concerns destruction and profanation of Holy Places in Jerusalem. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/90768?ln=ar
  • United Nations General Assembly. (1947). United Nations Partition 181. www.hlrn.org/img/documents/Partition_resolution_181_AR.pdf
  • United Nations International Law Commission. (2001). Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdf
  • United Nations(1980).S/RES/478. www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/IP%20SRES%20478.pdf
  • United Nations. (1948.). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2018
  • United Nations. (1948.). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2018
  • United Nations. (1967). S/RES/242(1967). https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/240/94/PDF/NR024094.pdf?OpenElement
  • United Nations. (1974). Resolution 3236 (XXIX) adopted by the General Assembly on 22 November 1974: The Question of Palestine https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ARES3236XXIX.pdf
  • United Nations. (1979). Question of Palestine. www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-200116
  • United Nations. (1997). The Status of Jerusalem. www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Status-of-Jerusalem-Engish-199708.pdf
  • United Nations. (2016). S/RES/2334 www.un.org/webcast/pdfs/SRES2334-2016.pdf
  • United Nations. (2023). Security Council adopts resolution 15337 (2023), strongly condemning the continuing illegal Israeli settlement activities in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and calling for their immediate cessation. https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15337.doc.htm
  • United States Embassy in Israel. (2017). Statement by President Trump on Jerusalem. https://il.usembassy.gov/statement-by-president-trump-on-jerusalem
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Arapça
Konular Uluslararası Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mohammad Yousef

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yousef, M. (2024). تحليل الوضع القانوني والمسؤولية الدولية للاحتلال الإسرائيلي في القدس والمسجد الأقصى: رؤية مستقبلية. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, 24(1), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.31456/beytulmakdis.1361712

ISSN:1367-1936 , e-ISSN:2514-6009