Araştırma Makalesi
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Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi Yaklaşımıyla Sürdürülebilirlik İletişiminin Analizi: Apple Watch Karbonsuz Kampanyası Üzerine Kuramsal Bir İnceleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 100 - 107, 30.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.38057/bifd.1774279

Öz

Bu çalışma, Apple’ın 2023 yılında tanıttığı karbon nötr Apple Watch kampanyasını, iletişim süreçlerinin yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi (Life Cycle Assessment – LCA) perspektifinden analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, sürdürülebilirlik odaklı reklamcılığın yalnızca kısa vadeli mesaj iletimine indirgenemeyeceği, aksine tüm yaşam döngüsü boyunca ölçülebilir çevresel ve toplumsal etkiler üretebileceği kuramsal bir çerçevede tartışılmaktadır. LCA metodolojisi, geleneksel olarak ürün ve hizmetlerin çevresel etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla geliştirilmiş olsa da, bu çalışmada iletişim pratiklerine uyarlanarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca LCA yaklaşımı, tarım ekonomisi ve doğal kaynak yönetimi gibi alanlarda da yaygın biçimde kullanıldığından, çalışmanın metodolojik çerçevesine disiplinlerarası bir boyut kazandırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda kampanyanın üretim, kullanım ve bertaraf aşamalarında karbon nötrlüğü iddialarının nasıl aktarıldığı, yenilenebilir enerji ve geri dönüştürülmüş malzeme kullanımının hangi yönleriyle öne çıkarıldığı ve bu stratejilerin toplumsal algı ile marka imajına nasıl yansıdığı irdelenmiştir. Çalışma, anket veya saha araştırmalarına dayanmamakta; bunun yerine kamuya açık kurumsal raporlar, hukuki belgeler ve medya kaynaklarından elde edilen ikincil veriler üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, kampanyanın sürdürülebilirlik odaklı bir iletişim stratejisi geliştirdiğini, ancak karbon kredilerinin etkinliği ve hukuki süreçlerin, iletilen mesajların güvenilirlik algısını sınırlandırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, sürdürülebilirlik iletişiminin doğrulanabilir veriler ve şeffaflık ilkeleri çerçevesinde yürütülmesi gerektiğini açıkça göstermektedir. Çalışma, LCA metodolojisinin iletişim araştırmalarına uygulanabilirliğini ortaya koyarak literatüre hem kuramsal hem de yöntemsel katkı sunmakta; ayrıca sürdürülebilirlik odaklı reklamların etkilerini uzun vadeli bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmek isteyen araştırmacılar için yeni bir kavramsal çerçeve önermektedir.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmada yayınlanmış bilgilerin kullanımı nedeniyle etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal/özel izin gerekmemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Makalenin yazımı esnasında hiçbir kurumdan maddi destek alınmamıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Apple. (2023, September 12). Apple unveils its first carbon neutral products. Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/apple-unveils-its-first-carbon-neutral-products/
  • Bubicz, M. E., Barbosa-Póvoa, A. P. F. D., & Carvalho, A. (2019). Incorporating social aspects in sustainable supply chains: Trends and future directions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237, 117500.
  • Craig, R. T. (1999). Communication theory as a field. Communication Theory, 9(2), 119–161.
  • Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2011). The drivers of greenwashing. California Management Review, 54(1), 64–87.
  • Dib v. Apple Inc., No. 5:25-cv-02043 (N.D. Cal. 2025). Climate Case Chart. https://climatecasechart.com/case/dib-v-apple-inc/
  • European Commission. (2010). International reference life cycle data system (ILCD) handbook: General guide for life cycle assess- ment – Detailed guidance. Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/hand- le/JRC48157
  • Environmental Defense Fund. (2025, June 23). EDF files amicus brief in support of Apple’s climate strategy. Environmental Defense Fund. https://www.edf.org/media/edf-files-amicus-brief-sup- port-apples-climate-strategy-0
  • Lyon, T. P., & Montgomery, A. W. (2015). The means and end of gre- enwash. Organization & Environment, 28(2), 223–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026615575332
  • Nguyen, T. (2023). Exploring the impact of life cycle assessment (LCA) on green marketing communications in the European automotive industry: A consumer-based analysis (Bachelor’s thesis, Aalto University). Aalto University. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/items/52812fcd-a3c1-4ac1-be3f-8826e1b176b7
  • Prado, V., Seager, T. P., & Guglielmi, G. (2022). Challenges and risks when communicating comparative LCA results to manage-ment. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 27, 1164–1169.
  • Reuters. (2025, February 27). Apple sued over carbon-neutral claim for watches. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/apple-sued-over-carbon-neutral-claim-watches-2025-02-27/
  • Schultz, F., Castelló, I., & Morsing, M. (2013). The construction of corporate social responsibility in network societies: A communication view. Journal of Business Ethics, 115, 681–692.
  • The Verge. (2025, February 28). Apple Watch “carbon neutral” claims face consumer lawsuit. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/news/621537/apple-watch-carbon-neutral-lawsuit
  • Vizzoto, F., Testa, F., & Iraldo, F. (2021). Towards a sustainability facts panel? Life cycle assessment data outperforms simplified communication styles in terms of consumer comprehension. Journal of Cleaner Production, 323, 29124.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2006). Life cycle assessment: Principles and practice (EPA/600/R-06/060). National Risk ManagementResearch Laboratory. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P1000L86.TXT

Analyzing Sustainability Communication through the Life Cycle Assessment Approach: A Conceptual Examination of Apple’s Carbon-Neutral Watch Campaign

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 100 - 107, 30.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.38057/bifd.1774279

Öz

This study aims to analyze Apple’s 2023 carbon-neutral Apple Watch campaign from the perspective of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) within communication processes. The research argues, within a conceptual framework, that sustainability-oriented advertising cannot be reduced to short-term message delivery, but should instead be understood as producing measurable environmental and social impacts throughout the entire life cycle. Although the LCA methodology was originally developed to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and services, this study adapts and applies it to communication practices. Moreover, since the LCA approach is also widely applied in fields such as agricultural economics and natural resource management, it adds an interdisciplinary dimension to the methodological framework of this research. In this context, the analysis focuses on how claims of carbon neutrality were articulated during the production, use, and disposal phases, how the emphasis on renewable energy and recycled materials was communicated, and how these strategies were reflected in both social perception and brand image. The study does not rely on surveys or field research; rather, it is based on secondary data obtained from publicly available corporate reports, legal documents, and media sources. The findings reveal that the campaign established a sustainability-oriented communication strategy; however, its reliance on carbon credits and ongoing legal processes has limited the perceived credibility of its messages. This highlights the necessity for sustainability communication to be conducted within the principles of verifiable data and transparency. By demonstrating the applicability of the LCA methodology to communication research, the study contributes to the literature both theoretically and methodologically, while also proposing a new conceptual framework for researchers seeking to evaluate the long-term impacts of sustainability-oriented advertising campaigns.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee approval and/or legal/special permission is not required due to the use of published information in the study.

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received from any institution during the writing of the article.

Kaynakça

  • Apple. (2023, September 12). Apple unveils its first carbon neutral products. Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2023/09/apple-unveils-its-first-carbon-neutral-products/
  • Bubicz, M. E., Barbosa-Póvoa, A. P. F. D., & Carvalho, A. (2019). Incorporating social aspects in sustainable supply chains: Trends and future directions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237, 117500.
  • Craig, R. T. (1999). Communication theory as a field. Communication Theory, 9(2), 119–161.
  • Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2011). The drivers of greenwashing. California Management Review, 54(1), 64–87.
  • Dib v. Apple Inc., No. 5:25-cv-02043 (N.D. Cal. 2025). Climate Case Chart. https://climatecasechart.com/case/dib-v-apple-inc/
  • European Commission. (2010). International reference life cycle data system (ILCD) handbook: General guide for life cycle assess- ment – Detailed guidance. Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/hand- le/JRC48157
  • Environmental Defense Fund. (2025, June 23). EDF files amicus brief in support of Apple’s climate strategy. Environmental Defense Fund. https://www.edf.org/media/edf-files-amicus-brief-sup- port-apples-climate-strategy-0
  • Lyon, T. P., & Montgomery, A. W. (2015). The means and end of gre- enwash. Organization & Environment, 28(2), 223–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026615575332
  • Nguyen, T. (2023). Exploring the impact of life cycle assessment (LCA) on green marketing communications in the European automotive industry: A consumer-based analysis (Bachelor’s thesis, Aalto University). Aalto University. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/items/52812fcd-a3c1-4ac1-be3f-8826e1b176b7
  • Prado, V., Seager, T. P., & Guglielmi, G. (2022). Challenges and risks when communicating comparative LCA results to manage-ment. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 27, 1164–1169.
  • Reuters. (2025, February 27). Apple sued over carbon-neutral claim for watches. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/apple-sued-over-carbon-neutral-claim-watches-2025-02-27/
  • Schultz, F., Castelló, I., & Morsing, M. (2013). The construction of corporate social responsibility in network societies: A communication view. Journal of Business Ethics, 115, 681–692.
  • The Verge. (2025, February 28). Apple Watch “carbon neutral” claims face consumer lawsuit. The Verge. https://www.theverge.com/news/621537/apple-watch-carbon-neutral-lawsuit
  • Vizzoto, F., Testa, F., & Iraldo, F. (2021). Towards a sustainability facts panel? Life cycle assessment data outperforms simplified communication styles in terms of consumer comprehension. Journal of Cleaner Production, 323, 29124.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2006). Life cycle assessment: Principles and practice (EPA/600/R-06/060). National Risk ManagementResearch Laboratory. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P1000L86.TXT
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Pazarlama İletişimi, Reklam, Ürün ve Marka Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Osman Vedüd Eşidir 0000-0003-2029-4758

Gökhan Bak 0000-0003-4520-0930

Alparslan Bak 0000-0002-5499-5264

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Eşidir, O. V., Bak, G., & Bak, A. (2025). Analyzing Sustainability Communication through the Life Cycle Assessment Approach: A Conceptual Examination of Apple’s Carbon-Neutral Watch Campaign. Bucak İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.38057/bifd.1774279