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Ethical Consumption and Animal Welfare: An Examination of Generation Z’s Attitudes Toward Animal Testing in the Cosmetics Industry

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 327 - 344, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.70754/biibfd.1847543

Öz

The use of animals in scientific experiments has long been a subject of ethical and scientific debate among researchers and various social groups. However, in recent years, the growing influence of consumerism, technology, and social media has intensified criticism of the use of animals under poor conditions in cosmetic testing. This situation has become a significant factor shaping consumers’ ethical sensitivities. Furthermore, the increasing awareness of concepts such as “eco-friendly” and “cruelty-free” has made it important to examine the issue from the consumer perspective. This study aims to investigate Generation Z consumers’ attitudes toward animal testing in the cosmetics industry and to determine whether these attitudes differ by gender. The research sample consists of 387 participants belonging to Generation Z and residing in Türkiye. Data were collected online between March 2 and April 2, 2024, from individuals aged 18 to 27. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and effect size (Cramer’s V) analyses. According to the findings, the majority of participants (86%) demand greater transparency from brands regarding their use of animal testing in products. However, only 9% of respondents consider animal testing for cosmetic product development ethically acceptable. Chi-square test results indicate that gender significantly influences variables such as opinions on the use of animals in scientific research, the ethical evaluation of such experiments, attitudes toward animal use for different purposes, knowledge levels regarding animal testing, the use of animal testing in cosmetics, and the impact of animal-related practices on brand preferences. Overall, the findings reveal that Generation Z individuals oppose the use of animals in the development and production processes of cosmetic products and expect greater transparency and information disclosure from cosmetic brands on this issue.

Kaynakça

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  • ALTUNIŞIK, R., ÖZDEMİR, S., TORLAK, Ö. (2014). Pazarlama İlkeleri ve Yönetimi, 1.b. İstanbul: Beta yayıncılık.
  • AMALIA, F. R., & DARMAWAN, A. (2023, December). Exploring consumer purchase intention towards cruelty-free personal care products in Indonesia. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 11, 100136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100136
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  • AYCIL, S., & SAÇAN, Z. (2021). PTT AVM üzerinden alışveriş yapan Y ve Z kuşağı müşterilerinin dijital medya pazarlaması üzerine düşünceleri ve online karar verme tarzlarına etkisi. The Journal of Academic Social Science, (103), 220-229. https://doi.org/10.29228/asos.41772
  • BAKSHI, S. (2012). Impact of gender on consumer purchase behaviour. Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 1(9), 1-8.
  • BALLS, M. (1992). What should the cosmetic industry do about the animal testing controversy?. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 14(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1992.tb00034.x
  • BAŞ. T. (2013). Anket, 7.b. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • BAUTISTA, N. I., PALMIANO, J. S., REYES, A. R., SAN JUAN, Y. M. L., & ETRATA JR, A. (2023). Beauty Goes Green: Effects of Eco-Label and Price Sensitivity on Filipino Gen X and Z’s Sustainable Purchasing Behaviour. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(5),2041-2052. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i5.3911
  • BEKOFF, M., (2020) Hayvanların Duygusal Dünyası, Beyaz Baykuş Yayınları, İstanbul
  • BILOS A., BUDIMIR B., ZRILIC V. (2021). Dijital ortamın dekoratif kozmetik trendleri üzerindeki etkisi [Konferans oturumu]. 27. Cromar Kongresi Maskeleri Düşürün – İş Dünyasında Yeni Tüketici Araştırması.
  • BONIFACIO, R. A., BAUI, A. F., UY, M. Y. T., BANDOJO, A. J., & ETRATA, A. (2024). Generation Z’s Purchasing Intention of Cruelty-free Cosmetic Products: The Moderating Role of Environmental and Animal Welfare Concerns. International Business Education Journal, 17(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.37134/ibej.vol17.1.10.2024
  • CANATAN, A. N., ÇAKIR, G., DANESHGAR, F., PASTIRMACIOĞLU, E., YORGANCI, S., & ÖNGÜN, B. Ç. (2024). Exploring University Students’ Perspectives on Animal Experimentation: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus, 16(7), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.63904
  • CARNOVALE, F., XIAO, J., SHI, B., ARNEY, D., DESCOVICH, K., & PHILLIPS, C. J. (2022). Gender and age effects on public attitudes to, and knowledge of, animal welfare in China. Animals, 12(11), 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111367
  • ÇOBANOĞLU, N., AYDOĞDU, İ.B. (2009). Tıp Araştırmaları ve Hayvan Hakları Açısından Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurulları. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Süreli Yayıncılık, 112-8.
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Etik Tüketim ve Hayvan Refahı: Z Kuşağının Kozmetik Sektöründe Hayvan Deneylerine Karşı Tutumunun İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 327 - 344, 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.70754/biibfd.1847543

Öz

Hayvanların bilimsel deneylerde kullanımı, uzun yıllardır bilim insanları ve farklı çevreler arasında etik ve bilimsel açıdan tartışmalara neden olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, özellikle günümüzde artan tüketim, teknoloji ve sosyal medyanın etkisiyle, kozmetik sektöründe hayvanların kötü koşullarda deneylerde kullanılması yoğun eleştirilere neden olmuş ve bu durum tüketicilerin etik duyarlılıklarını etkileyen bir faktör haline gelmiştir. Ayrıca, “çevre dostu” ve “hayvan dostu” gibi tanımlamalara duyarlılığının gün geçtikçe artış gösteriyor olması, konunun tüketici boyutuyla incelenmesini önemli hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, kozmetik sektöründe hayvanlar üzerinde yapılan deneylere yönelik Z kuşağı tüketicilerin tutumlarını incelemeyi ve bu tutumların cinsiyet değişkenine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Türkiye’de yaşayan Z kuşağına mensup 387 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, 2 Mart–2 Nisan 2024 tarihleri arasında, 18–27 yaş aralığındaki bireylerden çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, betimleyici istatistikler, ki-kare ve etki büyüklüğü (Cramer’s V) testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu (%86) markaların ürünlerinde hayvan deneyleri kullanımına ilişkin daha fazla açıklama yapmasını talep etmektedir. Buna karşın, katılımcıların yalnızca %9’u kozmetik ürünlerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla yapılan hayvan deneylerini etik açıdan uygun bulmaktadır. Ki-kare testi sonuçlarına göre, cinsiyet değişkeni; bilimsel deneylerde hayvan kullanımına ilişkin görüşler, bu deneylerin etikliği, farklı amaçlarla hayvan kullanılmasına yönelik tutumlar, hayvan deneyleri konusundaki bilgi düzeyi, kozmetikte hayvan deneylerinin kullanımı ve marka tercihinde hayvansal içerik veya deney uygulamalarının etkisi gibi değişkenlerde anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Bulgular Z kuşağı bireylerin kozmetik ürünlerin geliştirilme ve üretim süreçlerinde hayvanların kullanılmasına karşı olduğunu ve kozmetik markalarından bu konuda daha fazla şeffaflık ve bilgilendirme talep ettiklerini ortaya koymaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma araştırma ve yayın etik kurallarına uygundur.

Kaynakça

  • AKDUMAN, G., & HATİPOĞLU, Z. (2021). Kim Bu Z Kuşağı?. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries, 5(9), 203-226.
  • ALTUĞ T. (2009). Hayvan Deneyleri Etiği. Sağlık Bilimleri Süreli Yayıncılık. 53-68, https://etkinlik.ulakbim.gov.tr/event/42/attachments/249/772/altug.pdf
  • ALTUNIŞIK, R., ÖZDEMİR, S., TORLAK, Ö. (2014). Pazarlama İlkeleri ve Yönetimi, 1.b. İstanbul: Beta yayıncılık.
  • AMALIA, F. R., & DARMAWAN, A. (2023, December). Exploring consumer purchase intention towards cruelty-free personal care products in Indonesia. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 11, 100136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100136
  • ANDREOLI, L., VLASBLOM, R., DROST, R., MEIJBOOM, F. L., & SALVATORI, D. (2023). Challenging future generations: A qualitative study of students’ attitudes toward the transition to animal-free innovations in education and research. Animals, 13(3), 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030394
  • AYCIL, S., & SAÇAN, Z. (2021). PTT AVM üzerinden alışveriş yapan Y ve Z kuşağı müşterilerinin dijital medya pazarlaması üzerine düşünceleri ve online karar verme tarzlarına etkisi. The Journal of Academic Social Science, (103), 220-229. https://doi.org/10.29228/asos.41772
  • BAKSHI, S. (2012). Impact of gender on consumer purchase behaviour. Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, 1(9), 1-8.
  • BALLS, M. (1992). What should the cosmetic industry do about the animal testing controversy?. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 14(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1992.tb00034.x
  • BAŞ. T. (2013). Anket, 7.b. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • BAUTISTA, N. I., PALMIANO, J. S., REYES, A. R., SAN JUAN, Y. M. L., & ETRATA JR, A. (2023). Beauty Goes Green: Effects of Eco-Label and Price Sensitivity on Filipino Gen X and Z’s Sustainable Purchasing Behaviour. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(5),2041-2052. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v2i5.3911
  • BEKOFF, M., (2020) Hayvanların Duygusal Dünyası, Beyaz Baykuş Yayınları, İstanbul
  • BILOS A., BUDIMIR B., ZRILIC V. (2021). Dijital ortamın dekoratif kozmetik trendleri üzerindeki etkisi [Konferans oturumu]. 27. Cromar Kongresi Maskeleri Düşürün – İş Dünyasında Yeni Tüketici Araştırması.
  • BONIFACIO, R. A., BAUI, A. F., UY, M. Y. T., BANDOJO, A. J., & ETRATA, A. (2024). Generation Z’s Purchasing Intention of Cruelty-free Cosmetic Products: The Moderating Role of Environmental and Animal Welfare Concerns. International Business Education Journal, 17(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.37134/ibej.vol17.1.10.2024
  • CANATAN, A. N., ÇAKIR, G., DANESHGAR, F., PASTIRMACIOĞLU, E., YORGANCI, S., & ÖNGÜN, B. Ç. (2024). Exploring University Students’ Perspectives on Animal Experimentation: Insights From a Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus, 16(7), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.63904
  • CARNOVALE, F., XIAO, J., SHI, B., ARNEY, D., DESCOVICH, K., & PHILLIPS, C. J. (2022). Gender and age effects on public attitudes to, and knowledge of, animal welfare in China. Animals, 12(11), 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111367
  • ÇOBANOĞLU, N., AYDOĞDU, İ.B. (2009). Tıp Araştırmaları ve Hayvan Hakları Açısından Hayvan Deneyleri Etik Kurulları. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Süreli Yayıncılık, 112-8.
  • CONNER, A. (2017). Galen’s analogy: animal experimentation and anatomy in the second century CE. Anthós, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.15760/anthos.2017.118
  • CRANE, A., MATTEN, D., SPENCE, L. (Eds.), (2019). Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context. Routledge.
  • CSOBANKA, Z., E. (2016). The Z Generation, Acta Technologica Dubnicae, 6(2), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1515/atd-2016-0012
  • DEDEOĞLU, Y. S., & ÖZEN, R. (2017). Fırat Üniversitesi öğrenci toplulukları üyelerinin bilimsel araştırmalarda hayvan kullanımı konusundaki yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 31(1), 43-48.
  • DJAFAROVA, E., & FOOTS, S. (2022). Exploring ethical consumption of generation Z: Theory of planned behaviour. Young Consumers, 23(3), 413-431. https://doi.org/10.1108/yc-10-2021-1405
  • DURALI, T. (2012). “Metinler Işığında Aristoteles’in Canlıyla ve Canlının Evrimiyle İlgili Düşüncelerine Problematik Yaklaşım”. Felsefe Arşivi, sy. 24 (Temmuz 2012).
  • ERGÜN Y. (2010). Hayvan Deneylerinde Etik. aktd. Aralık 2010;19(4), 220-235.
  • FUX, P., ČATER, B. (2018). Analysis of interactions on non-profit organization's social media channel in the context of cruelty-free ethical consumerism. Dynamic relationships management journal, letnik 7, številka 1, str. 29-46. URN:NBN:SI:DOC-BLGK3Y66 from http://www.dlib.si
  • GEGEZ, A. E. (2017). Pazarlama araştırmaları. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım AŞ.
  • GRAPPE, C. G., LOMBART, C., LOUIS, D., & DURIF, F. (2021). “Not tested on animals”: How consumers react to cruelty-free cosmetics proposed by manufacturers and retailers?. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 49(11), 1532-1553. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-12-2020-0489
  • HAIR, J. F., RINGLE, C. M., & SARSTEDT, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.2753/mtp1069-6679190202
  • HASAN, R. A. (2018). Consumerism in cosmetics industry: the case study of corporate social responsibility practices of the body shop in Pakistan. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 1203-1219.
  • HIDAYAT, A. I. (2024). The future of employment: How Generation Z is reshaping entrepreneurship through education?. Edu Spectrum: Journal of Multidimensional Education, 1(1), 28-37. https://doi.org/10.70063/eduspectrum.v1i1.28
  • HUHTALA, A., SALMINEN, L., TÄHTI, H., & UUSITALO, H. (2008). Corneal models for the toxicity testing of drugs and drug releasing materials. Topics in multifunctional biomaterials and devices, 1(2), 1-23.
  • İSLAMOĞLU, A. H., & ALTUNIŞIK, R. (2009). Satış ve Satış Yönetimi. Adapazarı: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • JEN-HUNG, H., & YI-CHUN, Y. (2010). Gender differences in adolescents’ online shopping motivations. African journal of business management, 4(6), 849-857.
  • LE TAN, T., TUNG, T. M., VAN, T. T. H., GIANG, M. T. M., & QUYEN, N. L. T. (2023). Environmental consciousness and Gen Z consumer behaviour towards ecological cosmetics. Migration Letters, 20(S1), 1-13.
  • LOUNPORN, E. (2021). Segmentation of Thai generation z on value, attitude, brand loyalty, and purchase intention towards cruelty-free products. (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis). Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations.
  • MCGOLDRICK, P. J., FREESTONE, O. M. (2008), Ethical Product Premiums: Antecedents And Extent Of Consumers' Willingness to Pay, The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 18(2), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593960701868431
  • MCKINSEY AND COMPANY (2020). Perspectives on Retail and Consumer Goods. August 6, 2020.https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/retail/our%20insights/perspectives%20on%20retail%20and%20consumer%20goods%20number%208/perspectives-on-retail-and-consumer-goods_issue-8.pdf, adresinden erişilmiştir. (Erişim tarihi: 11.12.2023).
  • MONOARFA, H., ROSIDA, R., & NUGRAHA, D. H. (2023). The Influence of Brand Image, Religiosity and Online Consumer Review on Intention to Purchase Halal Cosmetics (Study on Generations Z and Y in West Java). In 4th International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business, Philanthropy, and PhD Colloqium (ICIEBP 2022) (pp. 87-101). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-176-0_7
  • MUNCY, J. A., VITELL, S. J. (1992). Consumer Ethics: An Investigation Of The Ethical Beliefs of The Final Consumer, Journal of Business Research, 24(4), 297-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(92)90036-b
  • NADANYIOVA, M., GAJANOVA, L., & MAJEROVA, J. (2020). Green marketing as a part of the socially responsible brand’s communication from the aspect of generational stratification. Sustainability, 12(17), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177118
  • NURCAHYONO, N. (2023). Determinant of Intention to Purchase Halal Cosmetics: A Millennial and Z Generation Perspective. IJIBE (International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics), 8(1), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.8.1.12-25
  • NWOKO, C., & YAZDANI, K. (2023). Self-Determination Theory: The Mediating Role of Generational Differences in Employee Engagement. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(4), 130-142. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2023.5.4.14
  • OLSSON AS, ROBINSON P, PRITCHETT K, ET AL. ANIMAL RESEARCH ETHICS. IN: HAU J, VAN HOOSIER JR GL. HANDBOOK OF LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE (2003). Vol. I Essential Principles and Practices, 2nd ed. Usa Crc Press.
  • ONUR, B. (1980). Kuşak Kavramı ve Kuşaklararası Dialog. Eğitim ve Bilim Dergisi. 4(23), 15-20. ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD). (2014). Acute Eye Irritation/Corrosion Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No. 405. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
  • ÖZBAY, Ö. (2008). Çapraz tablo analizi nasil yapilir?: pratik bir açiklama. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD), (9), 459-470.
  • PATTUGLIA, S., & AMOROSO, S. (2023). Generational Cohorts' Reactions: Analyzing the Impact of Brand Authenticity on Consumer Behaviour. International Journal of Business Analytics (IJBAN), 10(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijban.318668
  • PETRUZZI, D. (2023). Cosmetics Industry - Statistics & Facts. Statista. Retrieved March 20, 2023, https://www.statista.com/topics/3137/cosmetics-industry/#topicOverview, (Erişim tarihi: 31.12.2024).
  • POP, R. A., SĂPLĂCAN, Z., & ALT, M. A. (2020). Social media goes green—The impact of social media on green cosmetics purchase motivation and intention. Information, 11(9), 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/info11090447
  • RAMADHANI, A., FAUZI, A., & ABSAH, Y. (2021). The Influence of Brand Awareness, the Knowledge and Halal Label on Purchase Decisions of Cosmetics Emina through to Reference Group as a Moderating Variable on the Generation Y and Generation Z in the City of Medan. International Journal of Research and Review, 8(1), 323-335. https://doi.org/10.60027/iarj.2025.285465
  • RIBATTI, D. (2009). William Harvey and the discovery of the circulation of the blood. Journal of angiogenesis research, 1, 1-2.
  • RUSSELL, W. M. S., BURCH, R. L., & HUME, C. W. (1959). The principles of humane experimental technique. Vol. 238, 1-229.
  • SEKARAN, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach, 4th Ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • ŞENOL A. (2002). Dünden Bugüne Kozmetik. Türkiye Klinikleri. Kozmetoloji Dergisi, S. 3(4), s. 195-199.
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  • SUSILAWATI, C., SARI, R. H., & SONJAYA, A. (2022). The Purchase Decision of The Muslimah Generation Y and Z to Halal Cosmetic Product: Analysis of DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 26 of 2013. International Journal of Islamic Business and Economics (IJIBEC), 6(2), 148-162.
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  • TEKIN, V. N. (2014). Tüketici Davranışları. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • TÜİK. (2023). Yaş Grubuna Göre Nüfus ve Toplam Nüfus İçindeki Oran. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684&dil=1. (Erişim tarihi: 14.02.2024).
  • ULUDAĞ, Ö. (2019). Hayvan deneyi çalışmalarında etik kuralların tarihçesi ve önemi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 1401-1413. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.482098
  • VILLI, B., & BAHAR, R. (2023). Cruelty-Free Etiketli Kozmetik Markalarinin Sosyal Medya Hesaplarinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir İçerik Analizi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (C-iasoS 2022 Özel Sayısı), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.1220000
  • WHITTERIDGE, G. (1971). William Harvey and the Circulation of Blood, Hardcover – Import, January 1.
  • WUISAN, E. C., & FEBRUADİ, A. (2022). Consumers’ Attitude towards the Cruelty-Free Label on Cosmetic and Skincare Products and Its Influence on Purchase Intention. Journal of Marketing Innovation (JMI), 2(2). https://doi.org/10.35313/jmi.v2i2.35
  • YALÇIN, S. (2006). Kozmetoloji Eğitiminde Hayvan Özgürlüğü. Kozmetoloji dergisi. 5(2). https://www.dermaneturk.com/okd/sayi522006/hayvanozgurluk.asp (Erişim tarihi: 23.12.2023).
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İş Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Reyhane Arslan Yıldız 0000-0002-0331-1045

Sıla Avgan 0000-0003-2093-8074

Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Aralık 2025
Kabul Tarihi 25 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Arslan Yıldız, R., & Avgan, S. (2025). Etik Tüketim ve Hayvan Refahı: Z Kuşağının Kozmetik Sektöründe Hayvan Deneylerine Karşı Tutumunun İncelenmesi. Biga İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 327-344. https://doi.org/10.70754/biibfd.1847543